全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案 Section I Use of Engl.docx

全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案 Section I Use of Engl.docx

《全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案 Section I Use of Engl.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案 Section I Use of Engl.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案SectionIUseofEngl

2015年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Thoughnotbiologicallyrelated,friendsareas“related”asfourthcousins,sharingabout1%ofgenes.Thatis_

（1）_astudy,publishedfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaandYaleUniversityintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,has__

（2）_.

　　Thestudyisagenome-wideanalysisconducted_（3）__1,932uniquesubjectswhich__（4）__pairsofunrelatedfriendsandunrelatedstrangers.Thesamepeoplewereusedinboth_（5）_.

　　While1%mayseem_（6）_,itisnotsotoageneticist.AsJamesFowler,professorofmedicalgeneticsatUCSanDiego,says,“Mostpeopledonoteven_（7）_theirfourthcousinsbutsomehowmanagetoselectasfriendsthepeoplewho_（8）_ourkin.”

　　Thestudy_（9）_foundthatthegenesforsmellweresomethingsharedinfriendsbutnotgenesforimmunity.Whythissimilarityexistsinsmellgenesisdifficulttoexplain,fornow,_（10）_,astheteamsuggests,itdrawsustosimilarenvironmentsbutthereismore_（11）_it.Therecouldbemanymechanismsworkingtogetherthat_（12）_usinchoosinggeneticallysimilarfriends_（13）_”functionalKinship”ofbeingfriendswith_（14）_!

　　Oneoftheremarkablefindingsofthestudywasthesimilargenesseemtobeevolution_（15）_thanothergenesStudyingthiscouldhelp_（16）_whyhumanevolutionpickedpaceinthelast30,000years,withsocialenvironmentbeingamajor_（17）_factor.

　　Thefindingsdonotsimplyexplainpeople’s_（18）_tobefriendthoseofsimilar_（19）_backgrounds,saytheresearchers.ThoughallthesubjectsweredrawnfromapopulationofEuropeanextraction,carewastakento_（20）_thatallsubjects,friendsandstrangers,weretakenfromthesamepopulation.

　　1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what

　　2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised

　　3.[A]for[B]with[C]on[D]by

　　4.[A]compared[B]sought[C]separated[D]connected

　　5.[A]tests[B]s[C]samples[D]examples

　　6.[A]insignificant[B]unexpected[C]unbelievable[D]incredible

　　7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]seek[D]know

　　8.[A]resemble[B]influence[C]favor[D]surpass

　　9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus

　　10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps

　　11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like

　　12.[A]drive[B]observe[C]confuse[D]limit

　　13.[A]accordingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]alongwith

　　14.[A]chances[B]responses[C]missions[D]benefits

　　15.[A]later[B]slower[C]faster[D]earlier

　　16.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]understand[D]express

　　17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D]disruptive

　　18.[A]endeavor[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]tendency

　　19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic

　　20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tell

　　SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted“kingsdon’tabdicate,theydareintheirsleep.”ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicanleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?

DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyle?

　　TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarised,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrancoregime,monarchscanriseabove“mere”politicsand“embody”aspiritofnationalunity.

　　Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpoliticsthatexplainsmonarchs’continuingpopularitypolarized.Andalso,theMiddleEastexcepted,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms（notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra）.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.

　　Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory—andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday–embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarningofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.

　　Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses（orhelicopters）.Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

　　WhileEurope’smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

　　ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchy’sreputationwithherratherordinary（ifwell-heeled）grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice–asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy’sworstenemies.

　　21.AccordingtothefirsttwoParagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain

　　[A]usedturnenjoyhighpublicsupport

　　[B]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals

　　[C]casedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals

　　[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment

　　22.MonarchsarekeptasheadsofstateinEuropemostly

　　[A]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus

　　[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality

　　[C]togivevotermorepublicfigurestolookupto

　　[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment

　　23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

　　[A]Aristocrats’excessiverelianceoninheritedwealth

　　[B]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies

　　[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies

　　[D]Thenobility’sadherencetotheirprivileges

　　24.TheBritishroyals“havemosttofear”becauseCharles

　　[A]takesaroughlineonpoliticalissues

　　[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised

　　[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies

　　[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole

　　25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

　　[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

　　[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

　　[C]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

　　[D]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

　　TEXT2

　　JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?

TheSupremeCpurtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

　　Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

　　ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

　　TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone-avaststorehouseofdigitalinformationissimilartosay,goingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorporcketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing.”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

　　ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:

Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

　　26.TheSupremecourt,willworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto

　　[A]searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant.

　　[B]checksuspects’phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized.

　　[C]preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents.

　　[D]prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones.

　　27.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof

　　[A]tolerance.

　　[B]indifference.

　　[C]disapproval.

　　[D]cautiousness.

　　28.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentiscomparableto

　　[A]gettingintoone’sresidence.

　　[B]handingone’shistoricalrecords.

　　[C]scanningone’scorrespondences.

　　[D]goingthroughone’swallet.

　　29.InParagraph5and6,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

　　[A]principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed.

　　[B]thecourtisgivingpo