英美小说要素解析2.ppt

英美小说要素解析2.ppt

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Books:

fictionandnon-fictionFiction:

imaginationFiction:

novels,novellas,shortstoriesAnovel:

abouthumanexperience,throughaconnectedsequenceofevents,withanumberofpersons,inaspecificsettingAshortstory:

brief,asingleeffect（morefocused）Anovella:

betweenashortstoryandanovelinlengthandcomplexityReviewReviewAnovelnovelisabookoflongnarrativeinliteraryprose.Proseisdifferentfrompoetrybecauseitisnotrhythmic.Novelsaresupposedtoshowqualitiesofliteratureandart.timelessvalueeternalqualitiesofart,deepermeaningReviewReviewE.M.Forsterwasasuccessfulnovelistandlateranacademic.trulygreatwritinggoesbeyondstorytelling.charactersarenotrealpeople;rathertheyarelikerealpeople.Sometimescharacterscanseemtobemorerealthanthepeoplearoundus,andthisisbecauseanovelistisabletorevealthecharactershiddenlife.ReviewReviewDOYOUHAVEADOYOUHAVEAHIDDENLIFE?

HIDDENLIFE?

SometimescharacterscanseemtoSometimescharacterscanseemtobemorerealthanthepeoplebemorerealthanthepeoplearoundusaroundusForsterdistinguishesbetweenflatcharactersandroundcharacters.Thereallyflatcharactercanbeexpressedinonesentence.Aroundcharacterbycontrasthasfurtherdimensionstotheirpersonality,aroundcharactermaywellsurpriseuswiththeseunsuspectedaspectsoftheirnature;andthetestofaroundcharacteriswhetheritiscapableofsurprisinginaconvincingway.出乎意料却又在情理之中！

ReviewReviewDickenswroteflatcharacterssuperblywell.Nearlyeveryonecanbesummedupinasentence,andyetthereisthiswonderfulfeelingofhumandepth.ProbablytheimmensevitalityofDickenscauseshischaracterstovibratealittle,sothattheyborrowhislifeandappeartoleadoneoftheirown.SoareroundcharactersSoareroundcharactersnecessarilybetterthanflatnecessarilybetterthanflatcharacters?

characters?

Aplotisasequenceofinterrelatedactionsorevents.Aplotistheplanofdevelopmentoftheactions.Aplotisaplanorgroundworkforastory,basedonconflictinghumanmotivations,withtheactionsresultingfrombelievableandrealistichumanresponse.Chapter1PlotChapter1PlotInawell-plottedstory,nothingisirrelevant;everythingisrelated.牵一发而动全身P1inthetextbookP1inthetextbookAplotisalsoanarrativeofevents,theemphasisfallingoncausality.“Thekingdiedandthenthequeendied,”isastory.“Thekingdied,andthenthequeendiedofgrief,”isaplot.Thetimesequenceispreserved,butthesenseofcausalityovershadowsit.Considerthedeathofthequeen.Ifitisinastorywesay“andthen?

”Ifitisinaplotweask“why?

”plotplot“Thekingdiedandthenthequeendied,”“Thekingdied,andthenthequeendiedofgrief,”WhatsthedifferenceWhatsthedifference？

Astoryisanarrativeofeventsarrangedintheirtimesequenceitsimplytellsuswhathappenedandinwhatorder.Thisemphasisonchronologicalsequenceisadifferencefromreallife.Ourreallivesalsounfoldthroughtimebuthavetheaddedfeaturethatsomeexperienceshavegreatervalueandmeaningthanothers.Valuehasnoroleinastory,whichisconcernedwiththelifeintimeratherthanthelifebyvalues.storyandplotstoryandplotConflict:

oppositionTypesofconflict:

Externalconflict:

betweenManandnature;Manandsociety;ManandmanInternalconflict:

Withinonecharacter:

onesinnerstruggleConflictinPlotConflictinPlotExposition:

beginning,background,introductionComplication:

therisingaction,development,intensificationCrisis:

theclimax,greatestintensity,theturningpointFallingaction:

subsidesResolution:

final,equilibrium,conclusion,denouementFivestagesofplot:

p3Fivestagesofplot:

p3subsidesubsideEquilibrium1.相称;平衡;均衡2.均势3.（心情的）平静equilibriumequilibriumThecustomaryway:

chronologicalplottingNon-chronologicalplotting:

e.g.flashback闪回TheorderingofplotTheorderingofplot1.Whatisplot?

2.Whatisconflict?

3.Whatarethetypesofconflict?

4.Whatarethefivestagesofplot?

5.Whatisthecustomarywayoforderingtheplot?

6.Whatisflashback?

TopicsfordiscussionTopicsfordiscussionPearlS.BuckthetopsellingbookinAmerica:

TheGoodEarth”wonthePulitzerPrizewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiteratureMostpeoplerememberherforhernovelsaboutChina.Sheknewthecountryanditspeopleverywell.Fornearlyfortyyears,Chinawasherhome.HerparentsweremissionariesinChina.ChristmasDayintheMorningChristmasDayintheMorningHerdaughterhadanunusualdiseasecalledPKU.Thiscausedhertohavetroublelearning.（mentallyretarded）Butifithadnotbeenforherdaughtersproblem,shemightneverhavebecomeafamouswriter.Thereasonwasmoney.PearlBuckneededalotofitovertheyearstopayforherdaughterscare.Ablessingindisguise!

WhenGodClosesaDoor,SomewhereHeWhenGodClosesaDoor,SomewhereHeOpensaWindowOpensaWindowPearlS.BuckPearlS.Buck赛珍珠赛珍珠http:

/BUCK:

Weareoneworldandifwedontknowit,itsdangerous.ButIthi