全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题一613.docx

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题一613.docx

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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题一613

2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题

（一）

SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　AgingposesaseriouschallengetoOECD（OrganizationofEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment）countries,inparticular,howtopayforfuturepublicpensionliabilities.Andearlyretirementplacesan__1__burdenonpensionfinancing.Thereisnoeasysolution,but__2__retirementcouldhelp.

　　Earlyretirementmayseemlikeaworthyindividualgoal,butitisasocially__3__one,andmakesthepresentpublicpensionsystemdifficulttosustainforlong.The__4__reasonisthatmorepeopleareretiringearlyandlivinglonger.Thatmeansmoreretireesdependingonthe__5__ofthoseinworkfortheirincome.The__6__isworrying.Inthenext50years,lowfertilityratesand__7__lifeexpectancyinOECDcountrieswillcausethisold-agedependencyratetoroughlydouble__8__size.Publicpensionpayments,whichafford30-80%oftotalretirementincomesinOECDcountries,are__9__torise,onaverage,byoverthreepercentagepointsinGDPandbyasmuchaseightpercentagepointsinsomecountries.Suchisthepressureonpensionfunds__10__thereisadangeroftoday’sworkersnotgettingthepensionstheyexpectedorfeltthey__11__for.

　　Actionisneeded,_12__simplyaimingtoreducethe__13__（andcost）ofpublicpensions,ortryingtoincreasetheroleof__14__fundedpensionswithinthesystem,thoughnecessarysteps,maybe__15__todealwiththedependencychallenge.Afteryearsof__16__earlyretirementschemesto___17__redundanciesandhigherunemployment,manygovernmentsarenow__18__persuadingpeopletostayinworkuntiltheyareolder.Surely,thethinkinggoes,ifwearehealthiernowandjobsarephysicallyless__19__andunemploymentisdown,thenperhapsthepresentrateshould__20__anew.

1.[A]unsolvable[B]additional[C]unsustainable[D]undue

2.[A]delaying[B]retaining[C]remaining[D]hindering

3.[A]ultimate[B]unattainable[C]specific[D]expensive

4.[A]necessary[B]essential[C]potential[D]controversia　　

5.[A]donating[B]sponsoring[C]offering[D]funding

6.[A]outlook[B]outcome[C]atmosphere[D]condition

7.[A]inflating[B]expanding[C]extending[D]rising

8.[A]in[B]on[C]toward[D]for

9.[A]conceived[B]reckoned[C]expected[D]meant

10.[A]which[B]that[C]where[D]how

11.[A]shouldpay[B]paying[C]bepaid[D]wouldpay

12.[A]but[B]for[C]and[D]thus

13.[A]multitude[B]implementation[C]application[D]generosity

14.[A]publicly[B]privately[C]personally[D]secretly

15.[A]insufficient[B]influential[C]inefficient[D]intrinsic

16.[A]advancing[B]previous[C]ahead[D]preceding

17.[A]discard[B]ignore[C]avoid[D]display

18.[A]believing[B]accounting[C]reckoning[D]considering

19.[A]turbulent[B]strenuous[C]compact[D]intricate

20.[A]deduce[B]disappear[C]rise[D]decrease

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

We'removingintoanotherera,asthetoxiceffectsofthebubbleanditsgraveconsequencesspreadthroughthefinancialsystem.Justacoupleofyearsagoinvestorsdreamedof20percentreturnsforever.Nowsurveysshowthatthey'redowntoa"realistic"8percentto10percentrange.

Butwhatifthenextfewyearsturnouttobebelownormalexpectations?

MartinBarnesoftheBankCreditAnalystinMontrealexpectsfuturestockreturnstoaveragejust4percentto6percent.Soundimpossible?

Afteramuchsmallerbubblethatburstinthemid-1960s,Standard&Spoor’s5000stockaveragereturned6.9percentayear（withdividendsreinvested）forthefollowing17years.Fewinvestorsarepreparedforthat.

Rightnowdenialseemstobetheattitudeofchoice.That'stypical,saysLoriLucasofHewitt,theconsultingfirm.Youhatetolookatyourinvestmentswhenthey'regoingdown.Hewitttracks500,000401（k）accountseveryday,andfindsthatsaversarekeepingtheircontributionsup.Butthey'remuchlessinclinedtoswitchtheirmoneyaround."It'stheslotmachineeffect,"Lucassays."Peoplegetmoreinterestedinplayingwhentheythinkthey'vegotahotmachine'--andnothing'shottoday.Theaverageinvestorfeelsoverwhelmed.

Againstallcommonsense,manysaversstillshuttheireyestothedangersofowningtoomuchcompanystock.Inbigcompanieslastyear,asurprising29percentofemployeesheldatleastthreequartersoftheir402（k）intheirownstock.

Youngeremployeesmayhavenochoice.Youoftenhavetowaituntilyou're50or55beforeyoucansellanycompanystockyougetasamatchingcontribution.

Butinsteadofgettingoutwhentheycan,olderparticipantshavebeenholding,too.Onethirdofthepeople60andupchosecompanystockforthreequartersoftheirplan,Hewittreports.Aretheyinattentive?

Loyaltoafault?

Sick?

It'sasifLucent,EnronandXeroxneverhappened.

Noinvestorshouldgivehisorhertotaltrusttoanyparticularcompany'sstock.Andwhileyou'reatit,thinkhowyou'dbeiffuturestockreturns--averaginggoodyearsandbad--areaspoorasBarnespredicts.

Ifyouaskme,diversifiedstocksremaingoodforthelongrun,withabackupinbonds.ButI,too,amfiguringonreducedreturns.Whatashame.Dearbubble,I'llneverforget.It'stheendofagrandaffair.

21.Theinvestors'judgmentofthepresentstockreturns,intheauthor'sopinion,seemstobe

[A]sortofwishfulthinking.[B]justtoopessimistic.[C]totallygroundless.[D]quiterealistic.

22.Infaceofthecurrentstockmarket,moststock-holdersjust

[A]declinetoinjectmoremoneyintothestockmarket.[B]voicetheirdisgustwiththedevaluingstock.

[C]switchtheirmoneyaroundinthemarket.[D]turnadeafeartothewarning.

23.Theauthorrecommendsthatemployees

[A]holdatleastl/3oftheir401（k）intheircompany.[B]getoutoftheirowncompany'sstock.

[C]waitforsometimebeforedisposingoftheirstock.[D]givetrusttoaparticularcompany'sstock.

24.Lucent,EnronandXerox,itcanheinferredfromthetext,arenamesof

[A]successfulcompanies.[B]bankruptedcompanies.[C]companystocks[D]hugecompanies.

25.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthelong-terminvestors'decisionis

[A]positive.[B]suspicious[C]negative.[D]paradoxical.

Text2

Formorethantwodecades,U.S.courtshavebeenlimitingaffirmative-actionprogramsinuniversitiesandotherareas.Thelegalrationaleisthatracialpreferencesareunconstitutional,eventhoseintendedtocompensateforracismorintolerance.Formanycolleges,thismeansstudentscanbeadmittedonlyonmerit,notontheirraceorethnicity.IthasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheU.S.,aseducatorsblametheprolongedreactiontoaffirmative-actionfordeclinesinminorityadmissions.Meanwhile,activistscontinuetobattleracepreferencesincourtsfromMichigantoNorthCarolina.

Nowchiefexecutivesofabouttwodozencompanieshavedecidedtoplungeheadfirstintothispoliticallyunsettleddebate.Togetherwith36universitiesand7non-profitableorganizations,formedaforumthatsetforthanactionplanessennallydesignedtohelpcollegescircumventcourt-imposedrestrictionsonaffirmativeaction.TheCEOs'motive:

"Ouraudienceisgrowingmorediverse,sothecommunitiesweservebenefitifouremployeesareraciallyandethnicallydiverse"aswell,saysoneCEOofacompanythatownsninetelevisionstations.

Amongthestepstheforumispushing:

findingcreativeyetlegalwaystoboostminorityenrollmentthroughnewadmissionspolicies;promotingadmissionsdecisionsthatlookatmorethantestscore;andencouraginguniversitiestostepuptheirminorityoutreachandfinancialaid.Andtocounteraccusationsbycritiestochallengethesetacticsincourt,thegroupsaysitwillgivelegalassistancetocollegessuedfortryingthem."Diversitydiminishedbythecourtmustbemadeupforinotherlegitimate,legalways,"saysaforummember.

Oneofthemorecontroversialmethodsadvocatedistheso-called10%rule.Theideaisforpublicuniversities--whicheducatethree-quartersofallU.S.undergraduates--toadmitstudentswhoareinthetop10%oftheirhighschoolgraduatingclass.Doingsoallowscollegestotakeminoritieswhoexcelinaverageurbanschools,eveniftheywouldn'thavemadethecutunderthecurrentstatewiderankingmanyuniversitiesuse.

26.U.S.courtrestrictionsonaffirmativeactionsignifiesthat

[A]minoritiesnolongerholdtheoncefavoredstatus.[B]thequalityofAmericancollegeshasimproved.

[C]racialpreferenceshasreplacedracialprejudice.[D]theminorityisonanequalfootingwiththemajority.

27.WhathasbeenadivisiveissueacrosstheUnitedStates?

[A]Whetheraffirmativeactionshouldcontinuetoexist.

[B]Whetherthislawishelpingminoritiesorthewhitemajority.

[C]WhetherracismexistsinAmericancollegeadmission.

[D]Whetherracialintoleranceshouldbepunished.

28.CEOsofbigcompaniesdecidedtohelpcollegesenrollmoreminoritystudentsbecausethey

[A]thinkitwrongtodeprivetheminoritiesoftheirrightstoreceiveeducation.

[B]wanttoconservethefinecharacteristicsofAmericannation.

[C]wantaworkforcethatreflectsthediversityoftheircustomers.

[D]thinkittheirdutytohelpdevelopeducationofthecountry.

29.Themajortactictheforumusesisto

[A]battletheracialpreferencesincourt.[B]supportcollegesinvolvedinlawsuitsofracism

[C]strivetosettlethispoliticaldebatenationwide[D]findlegallyviablewaystoensureminor