最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选附答案.docx

最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选附答案.docx

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最新高考英语阅读理解精选附答案

最新高考英语阅读理解精选附答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Fromquietpathsbyastreaminaforesttobusyroadsrunningthroughacity,peoplehavecreatedvariousformsofroutesindifferentplaces.Thesenowexistallaroundus,andtheiruseisimperativeforsocieties.Theserouteshaveenabledpeopletomove,transportthings,andsendinformationfromoneplacetoanotherquicklyandsafely.Throughouthistory,theyhavebeenimportantinourdailylives.

   Earlyrouteswereoftenformednaturallyonland.Theygraduallydevelopedoverlongperiodsoftimewhilepeopletraveledthemonfootorhorseback.Asignificantturningpointintheirhistoryarrivedwhenthefirstwheeledcartsappearedinancienttimes.Oncethishappened,peoplerecognizedtheimportanceofwell-maintainedroutes.Therefore,towns,cities,andentirecountriesimprovedthem.Asaresult,lifebecamemoreconvenient,communitiesgrew,economiesevolved,andculturesexpanded.

   Peoplehaveestablishedroutesonwater,too.Riversandcanalshaveservedaseffectiveroutesforpeopletomovearoundandcarrythings.Forinstance,intheold,JapanesecityofEdo,waterrouteswereusedforthetransportationofagriculturalproducts,seafood,andwood.Peoplehavealsoopenedroutesacrossthesea.Theseawayswerecriticalforthenavigationofships,particularlyinthedayswhentheymovedmainlybywindpower.Usingthesesearoutes,peoplecouldtravelgreatdistances,andgotoplacestheyhadnotpreviouslybeenabletoreach.

   Peoplehavegoneontoopenroutesintheskyaswell.Sincetheinventionoftheairplane,theyhavemadeitpossibletotravellongdistanceseasily.Eventually,peoplebecameabletotravelsafelyandcomfortablyhighinthesky,andgoingvastdistancesonlytookasmallamountoftime.

   Today,wehaveanewtypeofroute,theInternet.Byusingthisworldwideroute,peoplecaneasilyobtaininformationthatoncewasavailablemainlyfrombooksandface-to-facecommunication.Theycanalsoinstantlysendmessagestolargenumbersofpeopleallatonce.

   Aslongastherehavebeenpeople,therehavebeenroutestoconnectthem.Currentlyunknownrouteswillsurelytakeusevenfurtherinthefuture.

（1）Whichofthefollowingisclosesttothemeaningoftheunderlinedwordimperativeinparagraph1?

A.accidental

B.industrial

C.essential

D.traditional

（2）WhyistheexampleofEdointroducedinparagraph3?

A.Todescribethedifficultyofcreatingroutesonthewater.

B.Toemphasizethefactthatitwasanimportantcity.

C.Toexplaintheuseofwaterroutestomovealongthecoastlines.

D.Toillustratetheimportantrolesofwaterroutesforcities.

（3）Whatdoesparagraph5tellusaboutroutes?

A.Routescanbethoughtofasexistinginvisiblyintheworld.

B.Routesthatmoveinformationcanberegardedasdangerous.

C.Thefundamentalfunctionsofroutesaredeclining.

D.Theimportanceofdifferentkindsofroutesisthesame.

（4）Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?

A.Humankindfirstcreatedvarioustypesofconvenientroutesonland.

B.Improvementsintransportationhavecomeatgreatcost.

C.Technologyhasinterferedwithopeninguproutesaroundtheworld.

D.Theadvancementofhumanitywasaidedbythedevelopmentofroutes.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了从最初的陆路到水路和空路，再到如今的互联网，这些路线促进了人类的进步和社会的发展。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的"Theserouteshaveenabledpeopletomove,transportthings,andsendinformationfromoneplacetoanotherquicklyandsafely.Throughouthistory,theyhavebeenimportantinourdailylives."可知，这些路线使人们能够快速、安全地从一个地方到另一个地方移动、运输物品和发送信息。

纵观历史，它们在我们的日常生活中一直很重要，因此它们的使用对于社会来说是必不可少的，由此可知画线词词义为"必要的"，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的"Peoplehaveestablishedroutesonwater,too.Riversandcanalshaveservedaseffectiveroutesforpeopletomovearoundandcarrythings."可知，人们也在水上建立了路线，河流和运河已经成为人们走动和搬运东西的有效途径，紧接着举日本江户这个例子就是为了证明这一点，即：

水路对城市有着重要作用，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的"Today,wehaveanewtypeofroute,theInternet.Byusingthisworldwideroute,peoplecaneasilyobtaininformationthatoncewasavailablemainlyfrombooksandface-to-facecommunication."可知，如今，我们有一种新的路线——互联网，通过使用这条世界性的途径，人们可以很容易地获得以前主要从书本和面对面的交流中获得的信息，与传统的陆路、水路以及空路相比，互联网这种新的路线是无形的，由此可知，路线可以被认为是无形地存在于这个世界上，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了从最初的陆路到水路和空路，再到如今的互联网，这些路线促进了人类的进步和社会的发展，由此可知，本文介绍的是人类的进步得益于路线的发展，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．（2019•江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   Inthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:

hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn'tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.

   Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone（圆锥体）shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma（岩浆）pilesup.Thesecanformremarkablyquickly.In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtoppedoutatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth,allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis,however,asecondlesknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn'tfindthecalderaanywhere.

   JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera;almostthewholepark-2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.

（1）WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone?

A. Itscomplicatedgeographicalfeatures.          

B. Itsever-lastinginfluenceontourism.

C. Themysterioushistoryofthepark.                

D. Theexactlocationofthevolcano.

（2）Whatdoesthesecond-paragraphmainlytalkabout?

A. Theshapesofvolcanoes.                                 B. Theimpactsofvolcanoes.

C. Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.                              D. Theheightsofvolcanoes.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"blow-up"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?

A. Hot-airballoon.              B. Digitalcamera.              C. Bigphotograph.              D. Bird'sview.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，二十世纪六十年代BobChristiansen在研究黄石公园的火山历史时，奇怪地发现到处看不到火山的影子，原来，这儿的火山并不是像我们大部分人想象的那种圆锥体形状的高耸的样子，而是一个巨大的洞，这个洞太大了以至于从地面上的任何地方都看不见。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“ButChristiansencouldn'tfindtheYellowstonevolcanoanywhere.”可知，他困惑的是到处看不到火山。

故选D。

（2）段落大意题。

本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选A。

（3）词义猜测题。

根据第三段中的“JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'centers.”可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。

一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其放大以供一个游客中心展示。

故可知，此处意为将照片放大。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Whenhewasyoung,LouisArmstrongwastakingwhatwascalled“Creolejazz”,whichwasalsocalleddancemusic,andcombiningitwithtrumpeter（小号手）BuddyBolden,tocreatewhatwouldeventuallybecometoday'sjazz.

   Armstrongaccomplishedthatwithalmostnoformaltraining.HereceivedlittletrainingbeforehewasplacedintheNewOrleansColoredWaif'sHomeattheageof12,afterarun-in（小争执）withthepolice.Thepunishmentturnedouttobeamixedblessing,forhealsohadtheopportunitytoplayinarealband.

   WhileattheWaif's,Armstrongalsogotthechancetohearsomeofthecity'sfinestmusicians.CornetistFreddieKeppardperformedinanearbyclub.Sodidtrumpeterandbandleader,KingJoeOliver,whotooktheboyunderhiswingandtaughthimhowtoreadmusicandworkonhisplayingtechnique.

   WhenOliverleftforChicago,ArmstrongchosetostayinNewOrleansandworkwithsomeoftheothertopmusiciansoftheday.InChicago,KingOliverofferedhimaplaceinhisbandin1922.ItbecameArmstrong'sbiggestchallengeyet—thebandhadnopartswrittenfortrumpet,sohewasforcedtolistentoKingOliverandimprovise（即兴创作）.

   Soon,Armstrong'sundeniabletalentwasgettingnotice.Evenclassicallytrainedmusicianswouldcometoheartheincrediblesoundsthisyoungmancreated.

   LilHardin,thebandspianoplayerandthefutureMrs.Armstrong,explainsthatOliverkeptArmstronginthesecondtrumpet-chairsothatOliverwouldstillbe“King”.Hardinconvincedhimtoleavetheband.

   ArmstrongmovedtoNewYorkCityin1924tojoinFletcherHenderson'sbandandthenflewsolo.In1925,ArmstrongputtogethertheHotFive,expandinghispopularityevenmore.Armstrongrecordedhisfirstcomposition,CornetChopSuey,oneofthemostcopiedjazzsolosofalltime.Thismonumental1928recordingblends（混合）art