语言学单元自测8之欧阳学创编.docx
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语言学单元自测8之欧阳学创编
I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.
时间:
2021.03.03
创作:
欧阳学
⒈Sociolinguisticsisthesub-disciplineoflinguisticsthatstudiessocialcontexts.
⒉Languageasameansofsocialcommunicationisahomogeneoussystemwithahomogeneousgroupofspeakers.
⒊Languageusevariesfromonespeechcommunitytoanother,fromoneregionalgrouptoanother,fromonesocialgrouptoanother,andevenfromoneindividualtoanother.
⒋Thegoalofsociolinguisticsistoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.
5.Thelinguisticmarkersthatcharacterizeindividualsocialgroupsmayserveassocialmarkersofgroupmembership.
6.Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,theterm“speechvariety”cannotbeusedtorefertostandardlanguage,vernacularlanguage,dialectorpidgin.
7Functionalspeechvarietiesareknownasregionaldialects.
8.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammarandusesofvocabulary.
9.Geographicalbarriersaretheonlysourceofregionalvariationoflanguage.
10.Aperson’ssocialbackgroundsdonotexertashapinginfluenceonhischoiceoflinguisticfeatures.
11.Twospeakersofthesamelanguageordialectusetheirlanguageordialectinthesameway.
12.Everyspeakerofalanguageis,inastrictersense,aspeakerofadistinctidiolect.
13.Thestandardlanguageisabetterlanguagethannonstandardlanguages.
14.Alinguafrancacanonlybeusedwithinaparticularcountryforcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplewithdifferentlinguisticbackgrounds.
15.Pidginsarelinguisticallyinferiortostandardlanguages.
16.Apidginusuallyreflectstheinfluenceofthehigher,ordominant,languageinitslexiconandthatofthelowerlanguageintheirphonologyandoccasionallysyntax.
17.Themajordifferencebetweenapidginandacreoleisthattheformerusuallyhasitsnativespeakerswhilethelatterdoesn’t.
18.Bilingualismanddiglossiameanthesamething.
19.Thekindofnameortermspeakersusetocallorrefertosomeonemayindicatesomethingoftheirsocialrelationshiptoorpersonalfeelingsaboutthatindividual.
20.Theuseofeuphemismshastheeffectofremovingderogatoryovertonesandthedisassociativeeffectassuchisusuallylong-lasting.
II.Fillineachoftheblanksbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.
21.Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeechc________.
22.Speechv_________referstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.
23.Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,aspeechvarietyisnomorethanad__________varietyofalanguage.
24.Languagestandardizationisalsocalledlanguagep_______.
25.Socialvariationgivesrisetos_________whicharesub-divisibleintosmallerspeechcategoriesthatreflecttheirsocioeconomic,educational,occupationalbackground,etc.
26.S_______variationinaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.
27.Aregionaldialectmaygainstatusandbecomestandardizedasthenationaloro________languageofacountry.
28.Thestandardlanguageisas_________,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.
29.Languagevarietiesotherthanthestandardarecallednonstandard,orv_______languages.
30.Apidgintypicallylacksini_______morphemes.
31.Linguistictabooreflectss_________taboo.
32.Theavoidanceofusingtaboolanguagemirrorssocialattitudes,emotionsandvaluejudgmentsandhasnol_________basis.
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.
33._______isconcernedwiththesocialsignificanceoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseindifferentspeechcommunities.
A.Psycholinguistics
B.Sociolinguistics
C.Historicallinguistics
D.Generallinguistics
34.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisits_____.
A.useofwords
B.useofstructures
C.accent
D.morphemes
35.____isspeechvariationaccordingtotheparticularareawhereaspeakercomesfrom.
A.Regionalvariation
B.Languagevariation
C.Socialvariation
D.Registervariation
36._______arethemajorsourceofregionalvariationoflanguage.
A.Geographicalbarriers
B.Loyaltytoandconfidenceinone’snativespeech
C.Physicaldiscomfortandpsychologicalresistancetochange
D.Socialbarriers
37._________meansthatcertainauthorities,suchasthegovernmentchoose,aparticularspeechvariety,standardizeitandspreadtheuseofitacrossregionalboundaries.
A.Languageinterference
B.Languagechanges
C.Languageplanning
D.Languagetransfer
38._________inaperson’sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.
A.Regionalvariation
B.Changesinemotions
C.Variationinconnotations
D.Stylisticvariation
39.A____isavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplefordiverselinguisticbackgrounds.
A.linguafranca
B.register
C.Creole
D.nationallanguage
40.Although_______aresimplifiedlanguageswithreducedgrammaticalfeatures,theyarerule-governed,likeanyhumanlanguage.
A.vernacularlanguages
B.creoles
C.pidgins
D.sociolects
41.Innormalsituations,____speakerstendtousemoreprestigiousformsthantheir____counterpartswiththesamesocialbackground.
A.female;male
B.male;female
C.old;young
D.young;old
42.Alinguistic____referstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe"polite"societyfromgeneraluse.
A.slang
B.euphemism
C.jargon
D.taboo
IV.Definethefollowingterms.
43.sociolinguistics
44.speechcommunity
45.speechvariety
46.languageplanning
47.idiolect
48.standardlanguage
49.nonstandardlanguage
50.linguafranca
51.pidgin
52.Creole
53.diglossia
54.Bilingualism
55.ethnicdialect
56.Sociolect
57.register
58.slang
59.taboo
60.euphemism
V.Answerthefollowingquestionsascomprehensivelyaspossible.Giveexamplesforillustrationifnecessary.
61.Discusswithexamplesthatthespeechofwomenmaydifferfromthespeechofmen.
62.DiscusswithexamplessomeofthelinguisticdifferencesbetweenStandardEnglishandBlackEnglish.
63.Whatisalinguistictaboo?
Whateffectdoesithaveonouruseoflanguage?
SuggestedAnswers
I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.
1.F
2.F
3.T
4.T
5.T
6.F
7.F
8.F
9.F
10.F
11.F
12.T
13.F
14.F
15.F
16.T
17.F
18.F
19.T
20.F
II.Fillineachoftheblanksbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.
21.community
22.variety
23.dialectal
24.planning
25.sociolects
26.Stylistic
27.official
28.superposed
29.vernacular
30.inflectional
31.social
32.linguistic
III.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.
33.-37.BCAAC
38.-42.DACAD
IV.Definethefollowingterms.
43.Sociolinguistics:
Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinsocialcontexts.
44.Speechcommunity:
Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeechcommunityoraspeechcommunityisagroupofpeoplewhoformacommunityandsharethesamelanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguage.Theimportantcharacteristicofaspeechcommunityisthatthemembersofthegroupmust,insomereasonableway,interactlinguisticallywithothermembersofthecommunity.Theymaysharecloselyrelatedlanguagevarieties,aswellasattitudestowardlinguisticnorms.
45.Speechvariety:
Speechvariety,alsoknownaslanguagevariety,referstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupofspeakers.Thedistinctivecharacteristicsofaspeechvarietymaybelexical,phonological,morphological,syntactic,oracombinationoflinguisticfeatures.
46.Languageplanning:
Languagestandardizationisknownaslanguageplanning.Thismeansthatcertainauthorities,suchasthegovernmentorgovernmentagencyofacountry,chooseaparticularspeechvarietyandspreadtheuseofit,includingitspronunciationandspellingsystems,acrossregionalboundaries.
47.Idiolect:
Anidiolectisapersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombinesaspectsofalltheelementsregardingregional,social,andstylisticvariation,inoneformoranother.Inanarrowersense,whatmakesupone’sidiolectincludesalsosuchfactorsasvoicequality,pitchandspeechrhythm,whichallcontributetotheidentifyingfeaturesinanindividual'sspeech.
48.Standardlanguage:
Thestandardlanguageisasuperposed,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.Itisthelanguageemployedbythegovernmentandthejudiciarysystem,usedbythemassmedia,andtaughtineducationalinstitutions,includingschoolsettingswherethelanguageistaughtasaforeignorsecondlanguage.
49.Nonstandardlanguage:
Languagevarietiesotherthanthestandardarecallednonstandardlanguages.
50.Linguafranca:
Alinguafrancaisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplefordiverselinguisticbackgrounds.
51.Pidgin:
Apidginisavarietyoflanguagethatisgenerallyusedbynativespeakersofotherlanguagesasamediumofcommunication.
52.Creole:
ACreolelanguageisoriginallyapidginthathasbecomeestablishedasanativelanguageinsomespeechcommunity.
53.Diglossia:
Diglossiausuallydescribesasituationinwhichtwoverydifferentvarietiesoflanguageco-existinaspeechcommunity,eachwithadistinctrangeofpurelysocialfunctionandappropriateforcertainsit