高考英语熟词生义.docx

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高考英语熟词生义.docx

高考英语熟词生义

高考英语熟词生义

《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明》中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据,而这个词汇表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式,未有词性和词义。

这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间,给他们减少了很多限制,但却给考生增加了几倍的难度。

因为英语中的一词多义多性现象是普遍存在的。

例如:

2001年全国卷中第26题:

Wedidn'tplanourartexhibitionlikethatbutit_____verywell.

A.workedoutB.triedoutC.wentonD.carriedon

正确答案为A。

此处workout的词义为“(情况)发展……”、“进行……”。

其余干扰项的干扰作用都很大。

如果没有完全掌握workout的含义,根本无法选定这个选项,更何况,我们的课本根本未有把workout作“(情况)进展”、“进行”解释过。

单选题如此,阅读理解、完形填空等题中熟词生义现象更是比比皆是。

为了能使我们广大考生顺利通过考试,我们将根据《考试说明》的词汇表,按照字母顺序举例解析我们常见常考的熟词生义。

2009年全国卷I:

Encourageyourchildrentotrynewthings.Buttrynotto_______themtoohard.

A.drawB.strikeC.rushD.push(逼迫,敦促)

本来push表示推的意思。

2009年全国卷II:

Ifyouleavetheclub,youwillnotbe_______backin.

A.receivedB.admitted(准许进入,准许加入俱乐部,组织等;接收入学)C,turnedD.moved

admit本来表示承认

山东卷2009:

-Doyouhaveenoughto_______allyourdailyexpenses?

-Oh,yes,enoughandtospare.(闲置的,不用的,闲钱)

A.cover(钱足够……之用)B.spendC.fillD.offer

2009湖北卷:

Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywantto_______theirkidsfromeverykindofdanger,realorimagined.

A.spotB.dismissC.shelter(保护,庇护)D.distinguish

shelter本意:

居所,住处,遮蔽物,庇护处

2008年山东卷:

Thefactthatsheneverapologized________alotaboutwhatkindofpersonsheis.

A.says(显示,表明)B.talksC.appearsD.declares

2008湖北卷:

Thoughhavinglivedabroadforyears,manyChinesestill________thetraditionalcustoms.

A.performB.possessC.observe(遵守规则,法律等)D.support

2009年山东卷完型41:

Icanstillrememberhewasalwayswearing(流露,面带)asmileandwillingtohelp.

A

1.absent(adj.缺席的)

Helookedatmeinallabsentway.(adj.茫然的,恍惚的)

2.abuse(v.滥用;漫骂)

Sheisquiteasuccessfulcareerwoman,butactuallyshe'smuchabusedathome.(v.虐待)

3.ache(v.&n.疼痛)

Hewasachingforhome.(v.渴望)

4.act(v.&n.行动)

Ittakesacoupleofminutesforthedrugtoact.(vi.起作用)

5.address(n.地址v.写地址)

Itissaidthatourheadmasterwilladdressthemeeting.(vt.向……发表演说)

8.against(prep.逆着,反对;倚,靠;碰)

Thepicturelooksniceagainstthewhitewall.(prep.映衬)

9.age(n.年龄)

Worryagedhimrapidly.(v.(使)变老)

10.air(n.空气)

Don’tairyourtroublestoooften.(v.抒发;倾诉;播送)

Therewasacomfortableairaboutherroom.(n.样子,神态,气氛)

11.alone(adv.单独地,一个人地)

Shealonewasabletoanswerthequestion.(adv.仅仅,只有)

12.amount(n.量)

Thecostamountedto$200.(v.(to)共计,达到)

Whatyouhavesaidamountstoaplainrefusal.(v.相当于)

13.announce(宣布)

Awarmsunshineannouncesthecomingofspring.(vt.显示,预告)

14.appreciate(v.欣赏;感激;感谢)

IappreciatethatImaybewrong.(V.意识到(realize))

15.attend(v.出席;参加)

Thenurseattendedtohimdayandnight.(v.看护;治疗;陪同)

16.accompany(vt.陪伴;伴奏)

Strongwindsaccompaniedtheheavyrain.(v.伴随)

17.allow(v.允许)

Thisdietallowsyouoneglassofwineaday.(vt.使可能)

18.approach(vt.靠近;接近)

Iapproachedhimaboutfillingthemanager'sjob.(v.接洽;建议;要求)

19.available(adj.可得到的;可找到的)

Theworthyprofessorisnowavailable.(adj.(人)有空的)

B

20.become(v.变得,变成)

Hernewhatcertainlybecomesher.(vt.适于,适合)

21.behavior(n.举止;行为)

Thebehaviorofthiscomputerismoderatelygood.(n.性能,特点)

22.blank(adj.空白的n.空白)

Thestrangerreturnedmygreetingwithablanklook.(adj.没表情的;没兴趣的)

IcannotrecallwhereI'veleftmyumbrella;mymind'sacompleteblank!

(n.记忆中的空白,遗忘)

23.blue(adj.&n.蓝色)

Hissongsalwaysmakemefeelblue.(adj.忧伤的)

24.bare(adj.裸露的)

Helikestobarehisheart/soulwithhisclosefriends.(vt.向某人袒露心声)

25.bear(vt.忍受;容忍)

Hewasbadlywoundedinthewarandstillbearsthescars.(v.显示;带有)

26.bound(a由.一定会)

Idon'tlikebeingdesk-boundallday.(adj.受…约束的)

C

27.cause(v.致使)

Wearestrugglingforrevolutionarycause.(n.事业)

28.celebrate(vt.庆祝)

Hecelebratedherforhercourage.(vt.称颂,赞扬)

29.climate(n.气候)

Theculturalclimatehereissomehowalittleupsetting.(n.风气;思潮;倾向)

30.cloudy(adj.阴的,多云的)

Whodiditstillremainscloudy.(adj.不明朗的,不清晰的)

31.coach(n.教练)

ShecoachedmeinEnglish.(v.辅导,指导)

32.count(n.&v.计算,数)

(1)Thereare10peopleintheclassroomcountingtwoteachers.(vt.包括)

(2)Itisnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.(vt.有价值,重要)

(3)Shewascountedamongthegreatestdancers.(vt.以为,视为)

33.couple(n.一对,一双;一对夫妇或情侣)

Thediningcarwascoupledontothelastcoach.(v.联合,连接)

34.course(n.课程;过程)

Themaincoursewasavegetablestew.(n.一道菜)

35.cross(v.跨越,横穿n.十字)

Don'tbecrosswithhim——afterall,hemeanttohelp.(adj.生气的)

36.case(n.情况;状况)

Therearethreecasesoffeverinschool.(n.病例;案例)

37.casual(adj.偶然的;随意的)

Hewasemployedasacasuallaborer.(adj.临时的)

38.cater(v.为社交活动提供饮食;承办酒席)

TVmustcaterformanydifferenttastes.(v.满足需要;迎合)

39.challenge(v.挑战)

Ichallengedhimtoagameofchess.(v.强烈建议某人干某事)

40.chance(n.机会)

Shechancedtobeinwhenhecalled.(v.碰巧)

41.charge(v.索价,收费;指控;控告)

MotherchargedAlicetotakegoodcareofthebaby.(v.赋予……责任或义务)

42.clean(adj.干净的)

Icleanforgotaboutit(adv.彻底地;完全地)

43.consume(vt.消耗;消费)

Thefiresoonconsumedtheoldwoodenbuildingsintheneighborhood.(vt.烧毁;毁灭)

D

44.damage(v.&n.损坏)

Heclaimed$7000damagesfromthetaxicompany.(n.赔偿金(复)=compensation)

45.dawn(n拂晓v.破晓,天亮)

Thetruthbegantodawnonhim.(v.开始明白)

46.desert(n.沙漠)

Hedesertedhiswifeandchildrenandwentabroad.(v.抛弃,离弃)

47.develop(v.发展;开发;研制)

Didyouhavethefilmsdeveloped?

(v.冲印)

developadisease/ahabit(v.逐渐形成)

Sureenough,mostoftheplantsdevelopedthedisease.(vt.患病;出现问题)

48.difficult(adj.困难的)(adj.难以取悦的,不易满足的)

Heisadifficultmantocontendwith.他是一个难对付的人。

49.dismiss.(v.解雇,开除)

Hejustlaughedanddismissedmysuggestionasunrealistic.(v.拒绝考虑(某观点等))

50.drive(v.驾驶)

Hungerdrovehertosteal.(V.迫使某人(做不好或不快的事))

51.divorce(v.与某人离婚)

Youcan’tdivorcesciencefromethicalquestions.(v.使分离;使脱离)

52.draw(v.画;拖;拉)

Whatmoralarewetodrawfromthestory?

(v.获得,取得,推断出)

E

53.engage(vt.从事)

Apersonalcomputerengageshisinterestnow.(vt.吸引)

54.excuse(n.借口v.原谅)

Hewasexcusedfrompianopractice.(v.免除某人的职责)

55.express(v.表达)

Hisexpresswishwasthatyoushouldcomeherebyair.(adj.明确的)

IsthereanexpressfromNanjingtoShanghai?

(n.快车)

56.encourage(vt.鼓励;激励)

Goodhealthencouragesclearthinking.(v.促进,助长,刺激)

57.escape(v.逃跑;逃脱)

Hisnameescapesmeforthemoment.(v.被忘掉;被忽视)

58.explode(v.爆炸爆裂)

I'mabouttoexplode!

Hebrokemyviolin.(v.勃然大怒;大发雷霆)

59.exploit(v.开发;开采;剥削)

Youmustexploiteveryopportunitytolearnnewthings.(v.利用)

F

60.fail(v.失败)

Ourwatersupplyfailed.(v.不足;缺乏)

Heisfailinginhealth./Hishealthisfailing.(v.衰退,衰弱)

Hefailedtolendherahand.(v.未能)

Wordsfailedhim.(vt.使失望;有负于)

61.fill(v.填满)

Hisanswerdidnotfillourneed.(vt.满足)

62.fine(adj.美好的,很棒的,晴朗的)

There'safinedistinctionbetweenthemeaningsofthetwowords.(adj.微妙的)

Themanwillgetafineifheparksthecarthere.(n.罚款)

63.fond(adj.自由的,喜欢的;慈爱的;深情的)

Fondparentswillspoiltheirchild.(adj.溺爱的)

64.force(vt.强迫)

Thepolicemanforcedtheknifefromthecriminal'shand.(vt.夺取)

Heforcedasmilewhenhesawme.(vt.forceasmile挤出笑容)

65.foreign(adj.外国的;外交的)

Thesubjectisforeigntome.(adj.不熟悉的)

Tellingliesisforeigntohernature.(adj.和……格格不人)

66.form.(vt.形成)

Icannotformanopinionaboutit.(vt.想出)

67.freeze(v.结冰,凝固)

Freeze!

OrI'llshoot.(v.不许动)

68.fly(v.飞;飞翔;飞彤n.苍蝇)

Thechildrenflewtomeettheirmother.(v.疾驰;疾行)

69.fresh(adj.新鲜的)

Sheisquitefreshtoofficework.(adj.无经验的)

G

70.gain(v.获得;赢得)

Don'tworry.Mywatchgains.Westillhavetime.(v.(钟表)快)

Theeargainedspeedgradually.(vt.增加(速度,重量))

71.ground(n.地面)

Hehasstronggroundsformoremoney.(n.理由)

Didthepolicehavereasonablegroundstoarresthim?

(同上)

Weopposethebill,onthegroundsthatitdiscriminatesagainstwomen.

72.glare(v.怒目而视)

Thesunglaredoutofthebluesky.(v.发出刺眼的光)

73.govern(v.管理;控制)

Thelawofsupplyanddemandgovernsthepricesofgoods.(vt.影响;支配)

74.Growup(长大;成熟)

Awarmfriendshipgrewupbetweenthetwomen.(逐渐发展;形成)

H

75.hit(vt.击中,打击)

ThefilmHerobyZhangYimouisquiteahitofthisyear.(n.成功;红极一时的人或事)

76.hold(vt.握住,抓住;抱住)

Hispromisestillholds.(vi:

适用,有效)

I

77.ill(adj.生病的)

It'snogoodspeakingillofothers.(adj.&adv.坏的/地)

78.industry(n.工业;产业)

Hissuccesswasduetoindustry.(n.努力;勤勉)

79.interest(n.兴趣)

Ourfamilyhasaninterestinthebusiness.(n.利益;股份)

80.invent(v.发明)

Heinventedanexcuseforhisbeinglate.(v.捏造,虚构)

81.invite(v.邀请)

Don'tleavethewindowopen—it'sinvitingthievestoenter.(v.吸引)

Thedishesarereallyinviting.(adj.诱人的)

82.inspire(v:

激励;鼓舞)

Hisbestmusicwasinspiredbythememoryofhismother.(v.启发)

J

83.jam(n.果酱)

Hejammedfourapplesinhispocket.(vt.塞进)

Theaccidentjammedthemainroadfor2hours.(vt.堵塞)

Therearetrafficjamseverydayonthisroad.(n..堵塞)

84.jump(v.&n.跳)

Lastweekthepriceofgoodsjumped.(n./v.大幅度上涨)

85.just(adv.正好;恰好)

Youareajustperson.(adj.公正的)

K

86.kid(n.小孩)

Takeiteasy.I'mjustkidding.(v.开玩笑;欺骗)

87.kill(v.杀掉;害死)

Thatguyhangsaroundalldaylong,justkillingtime.(v.消磨(时间))

L

88.late(adj.迟到的/地;晚的/地)

Shemissedherlatehusbandverymuch.(adj.已故的)

89.lecture(v./n.讲课;演讲)

Dostoplecturingme.(V.训斥;教训)

90.lift(v.拾高)

Canyougivemealift?

(n.搭便车)

Hisreportgaveusalift.(n.鼓舞)

91.lose(V.失去;丢掉)

Pleasehurry!

Mywatchloses10minutes.(vi.(钟表)慢(与gain相对))

92.lot(n.量,批)

Itisdifficultforustofindaparkinglotoutsidesomeshoppingcenters.(n.作某种用途的场地)

93.lay(vt.放置;产卵;下蛋)

Thefoundationsoft

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