The Differences of Chinese and English Culture and.docx

The Differences of Chinese and English Culture and.docx

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TheDifferencesofChineseandEnglishCultureand

中国某某某某学校

学生毕业设计（论文）

题目：

TheDifferencesofChineseand

EnglishCultureandTranslation

姓名：

00000

班级、学号：

000000000

系（部）：

经济管理系

专业：

商务英语

指导教师：

00000000

开题时间：

2009-04-10

完成时间：

2009-11-2

2009年11月2日

毕业设计任务书…………………………………………………1

毕业设计成绩评定表……………………………………………2

答辩申请书……………………………………………………3-5

正文……………………………………………………………6-22

答辩委员会表决意见……………………………………………23

答辩过程记录表…………………………………………………24

课题TheDifferencesofChineseandEnglishCultureandTranslation

一、课题（论文）提纲

0.引言

1.英汉文化差异的主要表现

1.1风俗习惯不同

1.2历史背景不同

1.3所处环境不同

1.4宗教信仰不同

2．文化差异下的翻译策略

2.1直译法

2.2意译法

2.3转译法

2.4增译法

2.5省译法

3.文化差异对英汉翻译的影响

4．文化差异对翻译的影响的应对策略

5.结束语

二、内容摘要

文化是指人类社会历史过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和。

具体说来，文化包括宗教、习俗、历史、艺术等方面。

每个民族的生活习惯、知识水平、人生观、价值观、道德观等都不同，文化差异由此出现，这就使不同民族的人在遇见同一事物上出现了分歧。

翻译作为跨文化交际的最主要手段之一，是和文化紧密结合在一起的。

翻译活动体现了不同文化之间的交流，同时也揭示了文化差异存在可译性。

英汉文化差异主要表现在宗教文化背景、价值取向、风俗习惯等方面，当文化差异现象在翻译中需要保留或无法求同时，可以采用直译、意译、阐释、増译和省译等翻译策略。

三,参考文献

[M].大连理工大学出版社.2007.

[M]

[M]

[M]

[M].中国翻译.2000.[M].上海外语教育出版社.1983.

TheDifferencesofChineseandEnglishCultureandTranslation

0000000

Abstract:

Culturereferstothematerialwealthandthespiritualwealthcreatedinhumanhistory.Cultureincludesreligion,custom,history,artandsoon.Everynation'slivinghabits,knowledge,philosophy,valuesandmoralityaredifferent,allofthisleadtothedifferencesinculture.Soitmakesthepeopleappearingdifferentopinionsinthesamething.Asofinterculturalcommunication,translationisoneofthemainmethodsandistightlyrelatedtoculture.Translationactivitiesreflectsthecommunicationbetweendifferentculturesandrevealsthetranslatabilityinculturaldifferences.ThedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseculturesarereflectedmainlyinreligiousculturalbackground,valueorientationandcustomshabits.Translationtechniquessuchasliteraltranslation,freetranslation,translation,amplificationandomissiontranslationcanbeappliedwhentheculturaldifferencesneedreservingorcannotbeidentifiedintranslation.

Keywords:

cultural;differences;translation

0.Introduction:

Culturecontainsmanyaspects.Languagecanevenreflectadistinguishingplaceornationamongculture.Thatistosaylanguagecanshowthisculturaldeposits.TheChineseculturehasextensiveknowledgeandisgreatlydifferentfromthewesterncountries.It’snotaeasytaskfortranslatortofullydisplaythegreatnessofcultureintranslationpractice.BecausethecultureofChineseandwesternhasthecertaindifferencewhichleadstosomephenomenathatthesameobjecthasdifferentmeaningindifferentlanguageandbothofthemappearmisunderstandatlast.Therefore,whenwetranslate,wemustaccomplishandrightunderstanddifferencesofEnglishcultureandChineseculture,oritwillinfluencearighttranslation.Ifthereisnothingwrongwiththecontentoftranslation,itwillgiveyouagoodfeast.TheculturalbackgroundofEnglishlanguageandChineselanguagehasgreatdifference,letteristhesamebutsomewordshavesenseimplicits.Normally,writerexpressestheirrealemotionthatcontainsusuallysenseimplicts.Sowhenwetranslate,wemustpayattentiontoit.

1.ThemainperformanceoftheEnglishandChineseculturaldifferences

1.1Differentcustoms

TheEnglishcustomsandChinesecustomshavemanydifferentaspects.Especiallyreflectinginsomefestivals.InChina,suchastheSpringFestival,Mid-autumnFestivalandDragonBoatFestival，inthisthreefestivalsthefamiliescanbothhavedinnerandchatwitheachother.Andsomementhattravelinaplacefarawayfromhomeorcountrycanboththinkfondlyoftheirownhomeandfamilies.Butinwestern,itseemsthatthiskindofs,salsogreatdifference.

ChineseandBritisharebothraisepet.Butithasgreatcontradictionthathowtheytreattheirpet.InChinese’seyespigisusuallyverydirtyanimal.Itsuseusuallyareestiblebypeoplewhengrowingup.ButinBritainorotherwesterncountries,peoplecantreatpigaspet,becausetheythinkpigsareverylovely.Evensometimeswhentheydescribesomeonewhoisverylovely,theywillsayhimlikeapig.ButinChinesepeople’sopinion,thebehaviorcannotbeunderstood.However,theviewappearstobeturngoodinrecentlyyears.Withtheimprovementoflivingstandard,moreandmoreChinesefamilieskeeppetsandgrowflowersathome,mostofthemwillregarddogastheirpet.Fortheythoughtthatdogscanlookafterthehomeforthemanddogsarefaithfulness.Butthestatusofdogsstillremainslow.Chinesepeopleusuallyusedogstodescribesbwhoisfawnonothersandlistentoothersortheywillsaywordslike“evilassociates”.“Brutalandcoldblooded”.ButEnglishpeoplelookondogsastheirfriends.Becausetheyconsideredthatdogscanmakesenseofpersonalities.InEnglishphrases,mostwordsreferredtodogsaren’tnegative.Forinstance,iftheywanttoexpresssomeonelucky,theywillsay“Youarealuckydog”.And“loveme,lovemydogs”isanotherinstance.Thusitcanbeseen,inEnglishpeople’sopinions,dogsareequaltopeopleinstatus.

Differencesincustomsleadtohugereactionswhendifferentcountriespeopletreatthesamethings.Sothattheywilltranslateonesentenceintogreatlydifferentsentence.

1.2Differenthistoricalbackgrounds

FivethousandsyearsofhistoricalliteratureofChinapossessdensenaturalcharacterandspecialliteraturefeature.Thehistoricalstoriesinthearticlecanbeconsideredasinvaluabletreasureinnaturalliterature.Inallages,peopleofalotofknowledgeareallovertheworld,thehistoricalstoriesmustrelatetothemtosomedegree.Suchas“showoffone’sproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuBantheMasterCallzenter.EveryoneknowswhatLuBandid.”Showingoffone’sproficiencywiththeaxebeforeLuBantheMasterCallzenterisshowingone’sbadabilities.Butfewofwesternerscanunderstandthemeaning.Besides,theseallusionsofrealmeaning,suchas“Bitethehandthatfeedsyou”etc.thesestoriescan’talsobegraspedbywesterners.Asaresult,whenwetranslatetheseallusionsofhistory,wemusttranslatereallyimplicitthesensemeaningamongtheallusions,otherwiseyourtranslationfails.

1.3Differentenvironment

Thedifferentlivingenvironmentindifferentcountriesmakesthesamethingmayhavedifferentopinions,suchassomethinginakindoflanguageculturewillhaveabundentculturalconnotation,itwillgivehumansgoodimagery.However,inanotherlanguageculturemayseemsverypoor,hasnosignificance,sothedifferencesarisingtherefrom.SuchascowsisthesymbolofindustryinChineseeyes,becausethesensethatthecowgiveshumansisinthefieldsofhard-workingeveryday,andhavenotanycomplaints.Peopleoftensaysuchwordswhenatwork“Wewillhavethespiritlikethecows.”Undoubtedly,inEuropeancountries,theymustn’tunderstandit.Chinaisalargeagriculturalnation,inantiquity,thefarmingisaccomplishedbycows,sopeoplepraiseits,buttheymaynotfeelhowinportanceofcattleforhumans.

Differentgeographicalenvironmentalsocancauseculturedifferences.“Eastwindwarm”itispositiveintheHanpeoplesconsciousness.ButtheBritishpeopledisagree,owingtodifferentgeographyplaces,“eastwind”inBritishpeopleminditmeanscold.Ifwehavemeetthiscondition,shouldpaymoreattentiontothetranslation.TheseafaringofEnglandisveryfamousinthehistory,soitsculturecan’twithoutthesea,buttheChineselivedinmainland,naturallycan’twithoutland.“Spendmoneylikewater”,inEnglish,metaphorsomeonewasteofmoney,justlikewater,butChineseexplanationismiserly.Oneusewaterdescribe,anotherisusesoil.Consequently,thedifferentgeographicalenvironmentbringthemwhentheyexplainedonethingwillusedifferentthingstodescribe.Onlyreallyunderstandtheseculturesbackofthelanguages,wewillbetranslatemoreprecise.

1.4Differentreligiousbeliefs

ChinaisabeliefBuddhismnation.BuddhisminChinahasformorethanonethousandyearshistory,peoplebelievethattheBuddhaholdeverything.Wecanoftensee,whenpeoplemeetanytroubleorfamilyhaveanyills,theywillgotothetempletoprayforthebuddhistincense,toimprecateblessofthejinee.Whenthethingsgoingwell,theywillgototemplepromoseagain.Visible,theimageofBuddhaaredeeplyinthemindsoftheChinesepeople.“Don’tusuallyliketocramasincense”,inwesterneyesidioms,theymightnotunderstand,thereforemaycausecertaindifficultyattranslation,becausetheydidn’tunderstandwhattheBuddhainwhat.AndlikeTaoism,Nuwa,Panguandsoon,theseidiomsinwesternculturedidnotexist.EspeciallysomeofChina’sfairytales,foreignerscouldnotimagine,becausetheseconceptsintheirideologyhasinnoform.

Similarly,inEuropecountriesmostpeoplehasembranceChristianity,theythinkgodisdominatesall.Especiallythewords“Oh,mygod!

”Thesentenceisusuallyboasting.Evensomesimplemodalparticles,theywillputgodtouse.Anotherexample,whenonepersondied,theywillusethisphrase“gotoheaven”,becausetheybelieveheavenisgodhascreatingforthepeoplewhodied,itmaybetheplacewhichcangivethemhappytime.

2.Thetranslationstrategiesundertheculturaldifferences

Translationisnotmerelythatlanguagesnominalconversion,italsoincludesbothcultures'mutuallypenetrateandmutuallycompatible.MrBiQingholdtheviewthatthenatureofculturetranslationisuptotheidentityofknowledge,thesamestructureprincipleofsemanticsystem,andtheidenticalprincipleoftheformsofhumanbeings'thoughts.Buttherelativityofsamestructureandtheblursoflanguagesdecidetherelativityo