The Delicate Art of the Forest 讲解.docx
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TheDelicateArtoftheForest讲解
LessonOne
TheDelicateArtoftheForest
林中高招
MarkTwain
Text
1Cooper'sgiftinthewayofinventionwasnotarichendowment;butsuchasitwashelikedtoworkit,hewaspleasedwiththeeffects,andindeedhedidsomequitesweetthingswithit.Inhislittleboxofstage-propertieshekeptsixoreightcunningdevices,tricks,artificesforhissavagesandwoodsmentodeceiveandcircumventeachotherwith,andhewasneversohappyaswhenhewasworkingtheseinnocentthingsandseeingthemgo.
Cooper
COOPER
Grammar
Asitwas
=asitwasnotrich
=thoughitwasnotrich
Vocabulary
delicate Markedbysensitivityofdiscrimination:
acritic'sdelicateperception.
invention theactofproducingsomethingnewforthefirsttime
endowment /en`daumEnt/ n. 1. Theactofsupplyingwithincome,oratalent. orpropertydonatedtoaninstitution,anindividual,oragroupasasourceofincome. 3. Anaturalgift,ability,orquality.
stage-property things,objectsusedonstagesexceptscenery,costumes
cunning Markedbyorgiventoartfulsubtletyanddeceptiveness
device Aplanorscheme,especiallyamalignone.
artifice skillfultricks
savage Notcivilized;barbaric
circumvent outwit;todefeatoroutwitbyclevernessorstratagem;tosurroundorencirclewithenmity
moccasin AsoftleatherslippertraditionallywornbyNativeAmericans
twig Anysmall,leaflessbranchofawoodyplant
handy Readilyaccessible
vessel Acraft,especiallyonelargerthanarowboat,designedtonavigateonwater
steer a. Todirectthecourseof. b. Tomaneuver(aperson)intoaplaceorcourseofaction.
skipper Themasterofaship
undertow Theseawardpullofrecedingwavesaftertheybreakonashore.
sailorcraft
cannon Alarge,mountedweaponthatfiresheavyprojectiles.Cannonincludeguns,howitzers,andmortars.
promptly immediately
daisy Slang Onethatisdeemedexcellentornotable.
trail Amarkortraceleftbysomethingthathasmovedorbeendraggedby.
stump Toclearstumpsfrom;Tobringtoahalt;baffle
slush Softmud;slop;mire.
vacate Toceasetooccupyorhold;giveup
译文
库伯的发明天份并不怎么样,虽然如此,他却不厌其烦地运用它,而且还自鸣得意。
他还真的用它干了几件十分惬意的事。
在他的舞台道具盒里,只有七八个高招、秘诀和妙计,能够让他的土人和林子中的人相互蒙来蒙去。
他最大的快事就是摆弄这些天真的把戏,看(欣赏)它们起作用。
Keywords
Cooper'sgift(invention/endowment)wasnotrich;buthelikedtoworkit,anddidsomequitesweetthingswithit.Hisstage-properties(forhissavagesandwoodsmentodeceiveandcircumventeachotherwith)areonlysixoreightcunningdevices(tricks,artifices),andhewashappytoworkthemandseethemgo.
Text
Afavoriteonewastomakeamoccasinedpersontreadinthetracksofthemoccasinedenemy,andthushidehisowntrail.Cooperworeoutbarrelsandbarrelsofmoccasinsinworkingthattrick.
译文
其中一个他喜欢的,就是让一个穿鹿皮鞋的人踩着另一个也穿鹿皮鞋的敌人的脚印,借以掩盖自己的行踪。
干这个让库伯不知磨烂了多少双鹿皮鞋(靴筒)。
Text
Anotherstage-propertythathepulledoutofhisboxprettyfrequentlywashisbrokentwig.Heprizedhisbrokentwigabovealltherestofhiseffects,andworkeditthehardest.Itisarestfulchapterinanybookofhiswhensomebodydoesn'tsteponadrytwigandalarmalltheredsandwhitesfortwohundredyardsaround.EverytimeaCooperpersonisinperil,andabsolutesilenceisworthfourdollarsaminute,heissuretosteponadrytwig.
译文
另一个他常常从他的盒子里拿出来的道具就是他的断树枝。
他比什么都喜欢干树枝,所以不遗余力地使用它。
他的书要是有哪一章没有人踩上干树枝,惊动周围二百码内的印地安人和白人,那就谢天谢地了。
每回库伯笔下的人碰到危险,而一分安静一分金的时候,他保准要踩上一根干树枝。
Text
Theremaybeahundredhandier-thingstostepon,butthatwouldn'tsatisfyCooper.Cooperrequireshimtoturnoutandfindadrytwig;andifhecan'tdoit,goandborrowone.Infact,theLeatherstockingSeriesoughttohavebeencalledtheBrokenTwigSeries.
译文
尽管附近有上百种东西可以踩,但那称不了库伯的心。
库伯要他最后找一个干树枝。
要是他找不到,就去借一个。
照他这样,《皮袜子故事集》干脆就叫它《断树枝丛书》好了。
TheLeatherStockingTales
TheLeatherstockingTales,aseriesoffivepopularnovelsbyJamesFenimoreCooper,constituteanepicoftheAmericanwilderness.NattyBumppo,thecentralcharacter,embodiesthespiritofthefrontierinTheDeersayer(1841),whereheisanidealizedyouth,andinThePrairie(1827),inwhich,asanoldman,heistransfiguredanddies.TheothernovelsintheseriesareTheLastoftheMohicans(1826),ThePathfinder(1840),andThePioneers(1823).
Text
Iamsorrythereisnotroomtoputinafewdozeninstancesofthedelicateartoftheforest,aspractisedbyNattyBumppoandsomeoftheotherCooperianexperts.Perhapswemayventuretwoorthreesamples.
译文
很遗憾,我没有足够的篇幅,写上几十个例子,看看奈地·班波和其他库伯专家们是怎样运用他的森林中的高招。
大概我们可以试着斗胆举它两三个例子。
Text
Cooperwasasailor--anavalofficer;yethegravelytellsushowavessel,drivingtowardaleeshoreinagale,issteeredforaparticularspotbyherskipperbecauseheknowsofanundertowtherewhichwillholdherbackagainstthegaleandsaveher.Forjustpurewoodcraft,orsailorcraft,orwhateveritis,isn'tthatneat
译文
库伯曾经航过海—当过海军军官。
但是他却一本正经(煞有介事)地告诉我们,一条被风刮向海岸就要撞礁的船,被船长驶向一个有离岸暗流的地点而得救。
因为暗流顶着风,把船冲了回来。
看看这森林术,这行船术,或者叫别的什么术,怎么样(千载难逢的机会,可就是被库伯找到了,)真巧吧(真是干净利索吧)
Text
ForseveralyearsCooperwasdailyinthesocietyofartillery,andheoughttohavenoticedthatwhenacannon-ballstrikesthegrounditeitherburiesitselforskipsahundredfeetorso;skipsagainahundredfeetorso--andsoon,tillfinallyitgetstiredandrolls.
译文
有好几年,库伯每天都呆在炮兵部队。
他当然注意到了一个炮弹落到地上要么钻到地里,要么就会弹起来,跳出百把尺,再弹再跳,直到跳不动了,就往前滚。
Text
Nowinoneplacehelosessome"females"--ashealwayscallswomen--intheedgeofawoodnearaplainatnightinafog,onpurposetogiveBumppoachancetoshowoffthedelicateartoftheforestbeforetheReader.Thesemislaidpeoplearehuntingforafort.Theyhearacannon-blast,andacannon-ballpresentlycomesrollingintothewoodandstopsattheirfeet.Tothefemalesthissuggestsnothing.ThecaseisverydifferentwiththeadmirableBumppo.IwishImayneverknowpeaceagainifhedoesn'tstrikeoutpromptlyandfollowthetrackofthatcannon-ballacrosstheplainthroughthedensefogandfindthefort.Isn'titadaisy
译文
现在有个地方,他的几个女性(他总是这样称呼女的)在一个雾夜在平原附近的树林边上迷了路。
他的目的就是给班波一个机会来给读者显示一下他的森林中的本事。
这些迷了路的人正在寻找一个城堡。
她们听到一声炮响,接着一发炮弹就滚进树林,停在她们脚下。
对女性,这毫无价值。
但对可敬的班波则完全不同了。
我敢发誓,要是班波不立刻行动,跟着弹痕,穿过浓雾,跨过平原,找到要塞,就让我一生不得安宁。
怎么样够巧的了吧
Text
IfCooperhadanyrealknowledgeofNature'swaysofdoingthings,hehadamostdelicateartinconcealingthefact.Forinstance:
oneofhisacuteIndianexperts,Chinachgook(pronouncedChicago,Ithink),haslostthetrailofapersonheishopelesslylost.NeitheryounorIcouldneverhaveguessedoutthewaytofindit.ItwasverydifferentwithChicago.Chicagowasnotstumpedforlong.Heturnedarunningstreamoutofitscourse,andthere,intheslushinitsoldbed,werethatperson'smoccasin-tracks.Thecurrentdidnotwashthemaway,asitwouldhavedoneinallotherlikecases--no,eventheeternallawsofNaturehavetovacatewhenCooperwantstoputupadelicatejobofwoodcraftonthereader.
译文
如果库伯不是对自然规律一无所知,他就是故意隐瞒事实。
比方说,他的精明的印地安专家之一,名叫芝稼哥(我想,该读作芝加哥)的,跟踪一个人,在穿过树林的时候,脚印就找不到了。
很明显,脚印是再也没法找到了。
无论你还是我,都猜不出,怎么会找到它。
对芝加哥可完全不同。
他没迟疑多久。
他改变了一条小溪的流向,在原来泥泞的河床上,那人的鹿皮鞋印竞然历历在目。
在其他情况下,脚印一定被水冲得荡然无存,但在(库伯笔下)这里流水竟然冲不掉脚印!
对,当然不会冲掉啰!
因为只要库伯要给读者显示一下他森林中的本事,永恒的自然规律也会失效。
翻译三要素
信Trustfulness
达Conveyanceoftheoriginalpurpose,ideas,viewpoints,andtone.
雅Retentionoftheoriginalstylisticfeaturesinthetargetlanguage.
要做到上述三点,而不必苛求词性、词序,甚至是句子次序的一致。
译出语气:
他的书要是有哪一章没有人踩上干树枝,惊动周围二百码内的印地安人和白人,那就谢天谢地了。
为了达,可以增加原文设有,但字里行间有的意思:
因为暗流顶着风,把船冲了回来。
看看这森林术,这行船术,或者叫别的什么术,怎么样(千载难逢的机会,可就是偏偏被库伯找到了,)真巧吧(真是干净利索吧)
不考虑原来的词性:
我敢发誓,要是班波不立刻行动,跟着弹痕,穿过浓雾,跨过平原,找到要塞,就让我一生不得安宁。
尽量保持原文风格:
他的精明的印地安专家之一,名叫芝稼哥(我想,该读作芝加哥)的
Requirementsofgoodcomposition
Unity主题突出
Coherence文思连贯
Variety句型多样
PurposeofMarkTwain
Toinformthatnovelwritingmustavoid
1.Unnecessaryandmonotonousrepetitionofwordsandevents
2.Arbitraryplotting
Firstparagraph
Title:
Cooper’sstage-properties
themoccasintrick
brokentwig
Itssecondsentenceisthetopicsentence
Secondparagraph
1.Sailorcraft
2.Fortfinding
3.Trailfinding
Itstopicsentence:
eventheeternallawsofNaturehavetovacatewhenCooperwantstoputupadelicatejobofwoodcraftonthereader.
举例说明是最好的写作方法
八级考试是要得分,我们只要掌握一个万无一失的能得分的写作方法就够了。
破题Agoodsurprisingtopicsentence
语不惊人死不休Alwaysbethebest——即出人意料,又言之有理Thebeautyofanarticleistoseekcertaintyinsurprise
出人意料Surprise——不说大家都说的话
言之有理Certainty——你的例子能说明你的观点
Coherence
Englishsentencesaremadeoftwoparts:
knownandunknown
Theknownpartisoftenatthebeginning,anditismadeof
1.repetition
2.pronoun
3.synonym
Ifyoudon'thavetheknownpart,youhavetouse
1.connectives
2.similarstructure
Forexample
moccasins→moccasinedperson,moccasinedenemy
thattrick→one
NattyBumppo→theLeatherstockingSeries,theBrokenTwigSeries
samples→instances
thesemislaidpeople→helosessomefemales
Isn’tthatneat→Isn’titadaisy
Variety
Ashortincisivesentenceamonglongsentencesisbothemphaticandpleasingasavariationintherhythmofaparagraph.
Ararelyusedperiodicsentencesentencecangivethesenseofsuspension
Shortsentences
Perhapswemayventuretwoorthreesamples(LL25-26)
Isn’titadaisy(L.45)
Apparentlythattrailishopelesslylost.(LL.51-52)
Chicagowasnotstumpedforlong.(L.52)
Periodicsentence
Anotherstate-propertythathepulledoutofhisboxprettyfrequentlywashisbrokentwig.
Suspense:
hisbrokentwig
Loosesentence:
Hisbrokentwigwasanotherstate-propertythathepulledoutofhisboxprettyfrequently.
IfCooperhadanyrealknowledgeofnature’swayofdoingthings,hehadamostdelicateartinconcealing