修辞与翻译二.ppt
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第七讲:
修辞与翻译
(二)双关Pun委婉语Euphemism矛盾修饰法/精警Oxymoron/Paradox移就Hypallage/Transferredepithet仿词Nonceword/Parody回文Chiasmas/palindrome析词Hendiadys析字Anagram镶字(汉语独有)Pun双关定义分类英汉互译双关定义Punisaplayonwords,orratheraplayontheformandmeaningofwords.双关:
利用词的一词多义现象或同音异义现象产生出的词的诙谐用法。
双关分类谐音双关homophone谐义双关homograph语义歧解双关ambiguity延伸双关extensionpun分类一:
谐音双关homophone1)“Madam,intimeslikethesenobutchercanmakebothendsmeat.”(女士抱怨香肠一头肉味,一头面包味。
)2)Whatfourletterswillscareawayburglars?
OICU!
春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干。
空对着,山中高士晶莹雪;终不忘,世外仙姝寂寞林。
(曹雪芹红楼梦;薛宝钗,林黛玉)分类二:
谐义双关homographWhydowesayafilmstarisalwayscool?
Becausehehasmanyfans.Beforemarriageamanisincomplete;afterit,heisfinished.分类三:
语义歧解双关ambiguityWaiter,willthepancakesbelong?
No,sir.Round.(报一报,蘸着吃)Professor:
Gentlemen!
Order!
Students:
Beer!
分类四:
延伸双关extensionpun巧妙利用构词、语音进行篡改,临场发挥,体现幽默Whatshipneversinks?
Friendship!
Whatistheworstkindoffish?
Selfish!
双关翻译直译灵活变通直译法1)Whatdoesthatlawyerdoafterhedies?
-Liestill.(静静的躺着;躺着说鬼话)AFarewelltoArms永别了,武器vs战地春梦SecondtoNone无人比我好None无人灵活变通12)杨柳青青江水平,闻郎江上唱歌声。
东边日出西边雨,道是无晴却有晴。
(刘禹锡竹枝词)Betweenthewillowsgreen/theriverflowsalong,/Mybelovedinboat/isheardsingingasong./Thewestisveiledinrain,/theeastbasksinsunshine,/Mybelovedisasdeepinloveasthedayisfine.灵活变通2“娘,他们是要剥我们中国人的脸皮呀,你知道吗?
/骄阳下,柳树上,回答他的是一片知了知了的蝉声”(毛炳甫:
剥皮香蕉)“Mother,whattheyaskedmetodowasnothingbuttolosefaceforallChinese!
Dontyousee?
”Underthescorchingsun,fromthewillowtree,cametheconfirmingreplyofthecicadaschirrup:
See,see,Euphemism委婉语定义分类翻译委婉语定义Euphemism:
theactoranexampleofsubstitutingamild,indirect,orvaguetermforoneconsideredharsh,blunt,oroffensive.委婉语:
用较动听、婉转或者模糊的词句来代替原本比较刺耳、生硬甚至冒犯的说法。
委婉语分类模糊词抽象化比喻类推低调陈述折绕动听词语语用上的委婉分类一:
模糊词语同性恋:
queervs.gay,homosexual屁股:
behind(hip,buttocksorbutt,bottom,backside)分类二:
抽象化性病:
socialdiseasetheoldestprofessions:
prostitutionandespionage分类三:
比喻beaguestofthelawwalkthelastmiledieinanecktie坐牢上刑场绞死分类四:
类推beautician(“-cian”:
musician,physician,magician)shoetricianmortician丧事承办者garbologist=garbagecollector分类五:
低调陈述Sheisabitsoftinthehead.头脑不太好使。
差学生slowstudentsvs.“bad”students分类六:
折绕liveatthegovernmentsexpense坐牢unmentionables内衣分类七:
动听词语sanitaryengineerdomesticengineerlandarchitectdustmanhousewifegardener分类八:
语用上的委婉Haveyoureadthebook?
-No.Ihavent.(sowhat?
)-Imafraidnot./IdontthinkIhave.-Notyet.(IaminterestedandImgoingtodoit.)Doyoulikeoyster?
-No.Idont.(awkward)-Idontparticularlylikeit.-Imnotcrazyaboutit.委婉语翻译:
“death”vs.“死”1Doctor:
Thepatientexpired.Family:
Heisgone./Hefellasleep.Soldier:
bitethedust;buythefarmThedeathofbadeggs:
becastintoouterdarkness(themovie:
Ghost)Christianity:
gototheglory;jointhechoir;tobewithGod文雅:
gotosleep,;benomore;passaway;demise粗俗:
kickthebucket;kickuponesheels委婉语翻译:
“death”vs.“死”2帝王:
驾崩,泰山崩倒,薨平民百姓:
亡,卒军人:
阵亡,战死沙场,马革裹尸,牺牲,就义女性:
红颜薄命,香消玉损佛教:
圆寂,涅槃,灵魂出壳道教:
驾鹤西归;羽化好人:
死得其所坏人:
死有余辜文雅:
逝世,安息,去了粗俗:
展腿,翻白眼,见鬼,见阎王,呜呼哀哉,翘辫子Oxymoron/Paradox矛盾修饰法/精警定义译例定义Oxymoron:
Arhetoricalfigureinwhichincongruousorcontradictorytermsarecombined.Paradox:
Aseeminglycontradictorystatementthatmaynonethelessbetrue译例1)deafeningsilence震耳欲聋的沉默painfulpleasure悲喜交集(痛苦的喜悦)acheerfulpessimist纵情酒乐的厌世者(愉快的悲观主义者)2)Hastemakeswaste.欲速则不达。
3)年年难过年年过,处处无家处处家。
Hardup,wemanagetogetoveriteachyear;Homeless,wetrytomakehomeeverywhere.Hypallage/Transferredepithet移就定义译例定义Afigureofspeechinwhichtheepithetistransferredfromtheappropriatenountomodifyanthertowhichitdoesnotreallybelong.译例1取得常规搭配所不具备的效果:
不落俗套,情景交融,耐人寻味。
英汉皆有,可以直译。
Intheexamination,theboythrewanervousglanceattheteacher,whowasobviouslysuspiciousofhischeating.考场上,那个男孩用紧张的眼光瞥了老师一眼,老师显然怀疑他在作弊。
悲惨的皱纹却也从他的眉头和嘴角出现了。
(鲁迅全集)Miserablewrinklesbegantoappearbetweenhiseyebrowsandroundhismouth.译例2有的时候需要灵活变通:
FranklinRooseveltlistenedwithbright-eyedsmilingattention.罗斯福眼睛明亮,面带笑容,聚精会神地听着。
译例3有时只能保留意思:
Hehadasleeplesspillowlastnight.Thestudentcouldnotwritedownanythingwithhisnervouspen.Nonceword/Parody仿词定义举例定义Anoncewordiswordcoinedinimitationofthefamiliarwordforaparticularoccasionandacceptedintogeneralusage.译例Ihavenooutlook,butanuplookrather.Myplaceinthesocietywasatthebottom.(JackLondon)我没有人生观,但可以说有一种向上爬观,我在社会中的地位是底层。
Whatcanbedelisherthanfish?
无鱼哪得鲜?
有人说这是阴谋,我们说这是阳谋。
Somepeoplesaidthiswasacovertscheme;wesayitwasanovertone.Chiasmus/palindrome回文定义举例回文定义Palindrome:
Aword,phrase,verse,orsentencethatreadsthesamebackwardorforwarddeed,levelChiasmus:
Arhetoricalinversionofthesecondoftwoparallelstructures,asin“Shewenttothetheater,buthomewenthe.”回文一正着和倒着,不仅意思相同而且文字排列也一样,例如:
Aman,aplan,acanal,Panama!
Madam,ImAdam.Sir,ImIris.NoXinNixon.Youcancageaswallow,cantyou?
Butyoucantswallowacage,canyou?
回文一汉语当中这样的例子更多,而且更直观,例如:
上海自来水来自海上。
雾锁山头山锁雾,天连水尾水连天。
斗鸡山上山鸡斗,龙隐岩中岩隐龙。
回文二第二