研究生综合英语期末论文中美跨文化商务交际对比分析.docx

研究生综合英语期末论文中美跨文化商务交际对比分析.docx

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ContrastiveAnalysisonInterculturalBusinessCommunicationbetweenChinaandAmerica

中美跨文化商务交际对比分析

摘要：

本文主要对比分析了中美两国在商务交际中体现的文化差异。

中美两国的文化有着重大的不同，例如，中美对历史与未来的看法、对集体与个人的观点，以及国人冒险精神的差异等。

这些差异会对中美的许多交流活动产生重要的影响。

如今中美的商务交际越来越频繁，在交际过程中，要特别注意这些文化差异，避免因此而产生的纠纷。

关键词：

文化差异；商务交际；对比分析

ContrastiveAnalysisonInterculturalBusinessCommunicationbetweenChinaandAmerica

Abstract:

ThispapermakeacontrastiveanalysisontheculturaldifferencesinbusinesscommunicationbetweenChinaandAmerica.ChinesecultureismuchdifferentfromAmerican,forexample,Chinese

andAmericanviewsonhistoryandfuture,people’sopinionsoncollectiveandindividualideasinthetwocountries,anddifferencesofthespiritofadventureoftheircountries,andsoon.Manyofthesedifferenceswillhaveanimportantimpactonmanyinterchangeactivities.Atpresent,businesscommunicationbetweenChinaandAmericabecomesmoreandmorefrequent.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontotheculturaldifferencesinthecommunicationprocesssothatwecanavoidsomeunnecessarydisputesduringtheactivities.

Keywords:

culturaldifferences;businesscommunication;contrastiveanalysis

1Introduction

Cultureisasharedandlearnedbehaviorwhichistransmittedfromonegenerationtoanotherforpurposeofpromotingindividualandsocialsurvival,adaptation,growthanddevelopment.Culturehasbothexternalandinternalrepresentations[1].Peoplealwaysmeanquitedifferentthingswhentheytalkaboutculture.

Interculturalcommunicationisthecircumstanceinwhichpeoplewithdiverseculturalbackgroundsinteractwitheachother[1].Thecrucialelementinthisformofcommunicationisthatculturehastheimpactontheircommunicativebehaviors.Interculturalbusinesscommunicationhasbecomerelevanthotissuepresently,itisacommunicationbymembersofdifferentculturesforbusinessorworkplacepurposes.Itcandealwiththeissuesofcommunicationandbusinesswithinthedisciplineoftheinterculturalcommunication[3].Interculturalbusinesscommunicationtakesplaceinabusinesscontext,whichmeanstheneedforbusinesscontextshouldbeemphasized.Withoutbusinesscontext,interculturalbusinessisill-focusedandnoteffective.Therefore,thestudyofinterculturalbusinesscommunicationneedstheknowledgeofbusinessandinterculturalcommunication.

Forthepurposeofhelpingpeopletodistinguishthedifferencesofdifferentcultures,manyresearchershaveputforwarddifferentmodels.Acriticalpointisthatwecananalyzedifferentdimensions[2].Inthispaper,IwillintroducefivedifferentdimensionstoanalyzethedifferencesbetweenChinaandAmerica.Herearethefiveterms:

1）pastorientationorfutureorientation;2）individualismorcollectivism;3）largepowerdistanceorsmallpowerdistance;4）highcontextcultureorlowcontextculture;5）stronguncertaintyavoidanceorweakuncertaintyavoidance.

2LiteratureReview

Americaisafutureorientationcountry,whileChineseregardpastasimportant.Americanpaymoreattentiontoindividualism.Thatmeanstheycaremoreaboutprivateinterest.Inotherway,Chinesethinkcollectiveinterestismoreimportantthanprivacy.Thirdly,inChina,thereisalargepowerdistancebetweenbossandemployee,

butinAmerica,peoplethinkasmallpowerdistancemakesiteasiertocommunicatewitheachother,andthiswillpromotethedevelopmentofmatters.Forth,Chinaisahighcontextculturecountry,whileAmericawillnotaddalotofothermeaningswhencommunicating,theytalkmoredirectly.

Chinesethinkhighlyoftheirpast,whileAmericanpaymoreattentiontofuture.Thissituationisbasedonthehistoryofthistwocountries.Americaisacountrywhichhasdevelopedverywellinthelasttwohundredyears.Thepacemakespeoplepaymoreattentiontotheirfuturelifebecausetheirgotlesshistorystoriestorecall.ItistheoppositeinChina.Timeorientationisarelativestablefactorinculturaldifferences.LiuW.Q（2012）discussedtherelationshipbetweentimeorientationandhistory.Ingeneral,countrieswithalonghistorywillgetapastorientation,whilecountries,likeAmerica,withashorthistorywillpaymoreattentiontofuture.Shealsosaidthatthedifferencecanbeshowedinpeople’sattitudeto“old”.Chineseuse“old”topresentanattitudeofrespect,whileAmericanthink“old”meansnegative,sotheytrytoavoidusing“old”indailylife.

Whenwetalkaboutindividualismandcollectivism,wecan’tstoppayingmoreattentiontotheirdifferences.YuanjinandGuochunxia（2012）havestudiedthistermbasedonthetheoryofS-Dimension.InChina,peoplearetaughttoprotectthecollectiveinterestwhentheywereyoung.Moreover,alltheChineseeducationteachpeopletoprotectcollectiveinterestfirst,sothatspiritofcollectivismisstronginChina.However,theAmericanpaymoreattentionofpr