中考英语二轮专题复习材料语法专题语态.docx
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中考英语二轮专题复习材料语法专题语态
2017年中考英语二轮专题复习材料语法专题-语态
中考考点九:
语态
英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(TheAtiveVie)和被动语态(ThePassiveVie)。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,例如:
anpeplespeaEnglish(主动语态)
Englishisspenbanpeple(被动语态)
知识梳理:
提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!
一.被动语态的时态:
1一般现在时的被动语态:
a/is/are+动词的过去分词
2一般过去时的被动语态:
as/ere+动词的过去分词
3一般将时的被动语态:
illbe+动词的过去分词
4现在进行时的被动语态:
a/is/are+being+动词的过去分词
现在完成时的被动语态:
have/has+been+动词的过去分词
6情态动词的被动语态:
情态动词+be+动词的过去分词
二.主动语态变被动语态的变法:
口诀:
宾变主,主变宾,谓变bedne,时不变,数格必须随被变。
注:
1主动、被动的时态要一致。
2主动、被动的句式要一致。
3变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。
三.特殊情况的被动语态:
1带双宾语的被动语态:
动词+sb(间宾)+sth(直宾)
口诀:
如遇双宾语,一般变间宾,若把直宾变,t/fr间宾连。
1)give/pass/sh与介词t搭配。
givesbsth——sb+begivensth或sth+begiven+tsb
2)bu/ae/与介词fr搭配。
busbsth——sb+bebught+sth或sth+bebught+frsb
Hegaveeab
I____________abbhiAb_____________ebhi
theradeeaae
I_________aaebtherAae____________ebther
可有两种被动语态的常用动词有:
bu,give,leave,lend,ffer,pa,teah,tell,sh,等。
通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有:
bring,d,ae,pass,sell,send,sing,rite,等。
2带省t的不定式作宾补的被动语态:
动词+sb+dsth
口诀:
感使动词真叫怪,tt去记心怀,主动语态t离去,被动语态t回。
动词:
ae/let/have/see/hear/feel/ath
aesbdsth----sb+be+ade+tdsth
ThebssadetherersralldaTherers____________ralldabthebss
3在see/hear/ntie/eep+sb+dingsth句型中变被动语态时,ding不变。
IheardTsingingustnT_______________beustn
4以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
eshuldtaeareftheldTheldshuld_____________________
四.注意事项:
1有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态(表拥有,状态的动词,后接动名词,不定式作宾语的动词表示主语的一些想法、爱好或愿望时,)
last,have,n…belngt,suit…finefit,hld,arr,ish,st,ntie,athagreeith,arriveat/in,shaehandsith,sueedin,sufferfr,happent,taepartin,alint,belngt
2不及物动词一般没有被动语态:
happen,taeplae,appear,hld(容纳),但一些不及物动词与介词构成的固定词语可以一同用于被动语态:
lafter,listent,lat,asfr,athupith等
3系动词是没有被动语态(主动表被动):
Thedishtastesgd
4有些词组没有被动语态,主动表被动。
(下列动词用描述主语的特征,性质或状态):
sellell,riteell,rideell,driveell
Thisindfsirtsellsell
need,ant,require,表示需要时deserve(应得…),berth,bebend,bepast后面常接ding形式表示被动意义,相当于tbedne(此时主语为无此行为能力者)
Alltheputersneedrepairing=Alltheputersneed_______________
6在t…t…及enught…结构中有时表示被动意义。
Theprbleistdiffiulttslve。
7宾语是相互代词、反身代词、同宾语等时,一般不用被动语态。
如:
eshuldhelpeahther我们应该相互帮助。
eliveahapplifehere我们在这儿过着幸福的生活。
Hethinsfhiselftuh他对自己想得太多。
8宾语是处所、地点时,一般不用被动语态。
如:
eillreahthestatininthurs我们再过两个小时就会到站了。
HehasgnetLndnn他去伦敦了。
9谓语部分(动词与宾语)是一个不可分割的动词短语时,一般不用被动语态。
如:
Theshipsetsailthisrning这艘轮船今天早晨起航了。
Hesathedtresterdaevening他昨天晚上看了医生。
10若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式,
比较:
Ihavesethingttpe我有些东西要打(字)。
(指自己打字)
Ihavesethingtbetped我有些东西要打(字)。
(指请人打字)
练习与巩固:
熟能生巧,取得好成绩!
1()Thebilephnehasinfluenedpeple’slifealtsineit_________
AinventsBinventedisinventedDasinvented
2()nune11th,2013,Shenzhu-10arringthreeastrnauts_____intspaefrthespaeenteriniuquanAllthehinesepepleareprudfitssuessfullaunh
AsentupBaresentupassentup
3()Thislisteningaterial,tgetherithitsD-Rs,_____ell
AsellsBsellissldDaresld
4()Thesprtseeting_________nextnth
AillhldBisgingthldillbeheld
()—ExuseeI’lingfrBetheBestfurself
—SrrThebuasfr______ut
AissellingBissldassellingDillbes
6()Annie______tthepartShehadanderfultieithus
AinvitesBisinvitedasinvitedDhasinvited
7()anhuses______intheearthquaefApril20,2013ina’an
AisdestredBaredestredasdestredDeredestred
8()HanHan’sbsareppularThe_____banteenagers
AisreadBasreadarereadDereread
9()Teenagers_____alledtdrive
AshuldntbeBshuldbentntshuldbe
10()—Atpresent,nefthebestaststudisringingrups
—rehanes_______tstudentstlearnfreahther
AfferBarefferedhavefferedDareffering
11()—Ianttbrrtheb,butIdn’tnhlngita________
—Frtees
AeepBbebrredbrrDbeept
12()antrees_______nthestreetseverearsStheairisverfreshn
AplantBareplantedplantedDereplanted
13()—Didn’tuseethesign“NParing!
”ntheright?
—Srr,Ididn’tButnInparing_____here
Aasn’talledBisn’talledn’tallDdesn’tall
14()—hatlanguages______inthatuntr’?
—GeranandEnglish
AarespeaingBarespenspeaDisspen
1()Bsandgirls,thebsinthelibrarshuld____gdaref
AbetaenBtaearetaing
16()-Anepar_____inurhetnnextear-Reall?
urhetnustberebeautiful
AillbuildBillbebuiltisbuilt
17()Aearhasfurseasnsandit________telvedifferentstarsigns
AdividedintBisdividingintdividedintDisdividedint
18()ItissaidthatanAsianultureVillage_____insidetheAG,VillageinNaningintheingAsianuthGaesperid
AbuildsBisbuildingillbebuiltDasbuilt
19()Thehildithutparents______gdarefbhisteahersinthisspeialshl
AistaenBaretaentaeDtaes
20()—lar,urrisreallinaessItneeds________.—Srr,uI’llditatne
AleanBleanedtleanDtbeleaned
21()—“Frg”,an’slatestnvel,please!
—Srr,it________ustnButitilleutagainsn
AsldutBisslduthassldutDassldut
22()一hdesignedthisgae?
一It______bTin1999
AisdesignedBdesignsasdesignedDdesigned
23()—DunEarthDa?
—SureIt_____in1970ttellustprteturplanet
AsetsupBsetupissetupDassetup。
24()Altftrees_____arundhereeverear,andeanenfresherairn.
A.ereplantedB.areplanted.illplantD.areplanting
2()Ltsffdandater___a’an,SihuanPrvineiediatelaftertheearthquaehappened
AeresentBaresentsendDsent
26()anbuildingsinLushan____intheearthquaenApril20thItillsurelberenstruted(重建)rebeautifull
AhavedestredBaredestrederedestredDaredestring
27()Thesngreindsefldshldasassnasit______
AisplaedBplasillbeplaedDillpla
28()—Exusee,sir,sing_________inthegasstatin—h,I’reallsrr
Adesn’tallBisn’talledaren’talled
29()—It’sdiffiulttgettthethersideftheriver—Ithinabridge_____vertheriver
AshuldbebuiltBshuldbuildillbuildDhasbuilt
30()—Haveufinishedurpret?
—NtetI’llfinishitifI_______tenreinutes
AgiveBagivenillgiveDillbegiven
31()Eahearquitealtffd______arundtherldIt’srealltiefrustdsething
AasastedBisastedastedillbeasted
32()Thansttheinternet,differentindsfinfratin________inashrttie
AanbelearnedBhasbeenlearnedanlearnDhaslearned
33()ItisreprtedthatDaiiaultureSquare_______inTaiannextear
AillbebuiltBerebuilthavebuiltDillbuild
34()—ubughtanear!
AnAerianar?
—NAhinesearIt______inTaizhu
AaesBadeasadeDillbeade
3()hinese________bthelargestnuberfpeple
AspeasBspeaisspen
36()iththehelpfthepeplearundhina,anbeautifulnebuildings______hereandthereintheearthquae-hitareainSihuan
AanseeBanbeseenillsee
37()—hdidTgtbedslateesterda?
—Beausehisher_____ntie
Adidn’tfinishBfinishasn’tfinished
38()Thispairfshes________hand,andit_______verfrtable
Aisadeith;isfeltBareadefr;isfeltareadef;feelsDisadeb;feels
39()Thisindfseater______versft
AisfeltBfeelsfeelDisfeeling
40()ThehineseriterhasgtltsffansinFraneHisneb_____intFrenhassnasitaeut
AastranslatedBtranslatedistranslatedDtranslates
41()—HftendIneedtfeedthedg?
—It___fdeverda,ritillbehungr
AustgiveBustbegiveustbegivenDustbegave
42()Shuldateenagertgetadrivingliense?
”“Firstgtatrainingentre”
AbeallBallbealledDalled
43()Ifuseetheartnfil,uill_______laugh
AbeadeBbeadetaetDae
44()Pepleh________tthepartareverexited
AhaveinvitedBhasbeeninvitedillinviteDhavebeeninvited
4()anhildreninBritain_____thavetheirnbanardsthesedas
AallBalledarealledDerealled
46()—Haveuheardabutthataraidentneartheshl?
—es,luilnne______
AhurtBashurthashurtDerehurt
47()Dunhenthefirsttraininhina?
AasprduedBisprduedprdued
48()—DessheliesingingEnglishsngs?
—esShe_____tsingEnglishsngsinherr
AftendesBisftenheardftenhears
49()—Ifetaeasherinsteadfbath,reater________—Iagreeithu
AhassavedBansaveanbesaved
0()It______lasteethatthehaze(雾霾)inBeiingausedanprbles
AreprtsBreprtedisreprtedDasreprted