89c51单片机论文英语文献.docx
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89c51单片机论文英语文献
AT89C51
Description
TheAT89C51isalow-power,high-performanceCMOS8-bitmicrocomputerwith4KbytesofFlashProgrammableandErasableReadOnlyMemory（PEROM）and128bytesRAM.ThedeviceismanufacturedusingAtmel’shighdensitynonvolatilememorytechnologyandiscompatiblewiththeindustrystandardMCS-51™instructionsetandpinout.Thechipcombinesaversatile8-bitCPUwithFlashonamonolithicchip,theAtmelAT89C51isapowerfulmicrocomputerwhichprovidesahighlyflexibleandcosteffectivesolutiontomanyembeddedcontrolapplications.
Features:
•CompatiblewithMCS-51™Products
•4KBytesofIn-SystemReprogrammableFlashMemory
•Endurance:
1,000Write/EraseCycles
•FullyStaticOperation:
0Hzto24MHz
•Three-LevelProgramMemoryLock
•128x8-BitInternalRAM
•32ProgrammableI/OLines
•Two16-BitTimer/Counters
•SixInterruptSources
•ProgrammableSerialChannel
•LowPowerIdleandPowerDownModes
TheAT89C51providesthefollowingstandardfeatures:
4KbytesofFlash,128bytesofRAM,32I/Olines,two16-bittimer/counters,afivevectortwo-levelinterruptarchitecture,afullduplexserialport,on-chiposcillatorandclockcircuitry.Inaddition,theAT89C51isdesignedwithstaticlogicforoperationdowntozerofrequencyandsupportstwosoftwareselectablepowersavingmodes.TheIdleModestopstheCPUwhileallowingtheRAM,timer/counters,serialportandinterruptsystemtocontinuefunctioning.ThePowerDownModesavestheRAMcontentsbutfreezestheoscillatordisablingallotherchipfunctionsuntilthenexthardwarereset.
BlockDiagram
PinDescription:
VCCSupplyvoltage.
GNDGround.
Port0
Port0isan8-bitopendrainbidirectionalI/Oport.AsanoutputporteachpincansinkeightTTLinputs.Whenisarewrittentoport0pins,thepinscanbeusedashighimpedanceinputs.
Port0mayalsobeconfiguredtobethemultiplexedloworderaddress/databusduringaccessestoexternalprogramanddatamemory.InthismodeP0hasinternalpullups.
Port0alsoreceivesthecodebytesduringFlashprogramming,andoutputsthecodebytesduringprogramverification.Externalpullupsarerequiredduringprogramverification.
Port1
Port1isan8-bitbidirectionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort1outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort1pinstheyarepulledhighbytheinternalpullupsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port1pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent（IIL）becauseoftheinternalpullups.
Port1alsoreceivesthelow-orderaddressbytesduringFlashprogrammingandverification.
Port2
Port2isan8-bitbidirectionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort2outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort2pinstheyarepulledhighbytheinternalpullupsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port2pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent（IIL）becauseoftheinternalpullups.
Port2emitsthehigh-orderaddressbyteduringfetchesfromexternalprogrammemoryandduringaccessestoexternaldatamemorythatuse16-bitaddresses（MOVX@DPTR）.Inthisapplicationitusesstronginternalpull-upswhenemitting1s.Duringaccessestoexternaldatamemorythatuse8-bitaddresses（MOVX@RI）,Port2emitsthecontentsoftheP2SpecialFunctionRegister.
Port2alsoreceivesthehigh-orderaddressbitsandsomecontrolsignalsduringFlashprogrammingandverification.
Port3
Port3isan8-bitbidirectionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort3outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort3pinstheyarepulledhighbytheinternalpullupsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port3pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent（IIL）becauseofthepullups.
Port3alsoservesthefunctionsofvariousspecialfeaturesoftheAT89C51aslistedbelow:
Portpin
alternatefunctions
P3.0
rxd（serialinputport）
P3.1
txd（serialoutputport）
P3.2
^int0（externalinterrupt0）
P3.3
^int1（externalinterrupt1）
P3.4
t0（timer0externalinput）
P3.5
t1（timer1externalinput）
P3.6
^WR（externaldatamemorywritestrobe）
P3.7
^rd（externaldatamemoryreadstrobe）
Port3alsoreceivessomecontrolsignalsforFlashprogrammingandverification.
RST
Resetinput.Ahighonthispinfortwomachinecycleswhiletheoscillatorisrunningresetsthedevice.
ALE/PROG
AddressLatchEnableoutputpulseforlatchingthelowbyteoftheaddressduringaccessestoexternalmemory.Thispinisalsotheprogrampulseinput（PROG）duringFlashprogramming.
InnormaloperationALEisemittedataconstantrateof1/6theoscillatorfrequency,andmaybeusedforexternaltimingorclockingpurposes.Note,however,thatoneALEpulseisskippedduringeachaccesstoexternalDataMemory.
Ifdesired,ALEoperationcanbedisabledbysettingbit0ofSFRlocation8EH.Withthebitset,ALEisactiveonlyduringaMOVXorMOVCinstruction.Otherwise,thepinisweaklypulledhigh.SettingtheALE-disablebithasnoeffectifthemicrocontrollerisinexternalexecutionmode.
PSEN
ProgramStoreEnableisthereadstrobetoexternalprogrammemory.
WhentheAT89C51isexecutingcodefromexternalprogrammemory,PSENisactivatedtwiceeachmachinecycle,exceptthattwoPSENactivationsareskippedduringeachaccesstoexternaldatamemory.
EA/VPP
ExternalAccessEnable.EAmustbestrappedtoGNDinordertoenablethedevicetofetchcodefromexternalprogrammemorylocationsstartingat0000HuptoFFFFH.Note,however,thatiflockbit1isprogrammed,EAwillbeinternallylatchedonreset.
EAshouldbestrappedtoVCCforinternalprogramexecutions.
Thispinalsoreceivesthe12-voltprogrammingenablevoltage（VPP）duringFlashprogramming,forpartsthatrequire12-voltVPP.
XTAL1
Inputtotheinvertingoscillatoramplifierandinputtotheinternalclockoperatingcircuit.
XTAL2
Outputfromtheinvertingoscillatoramplifier.
OscillatorCharacteristics
XTAL1andXTAL2aretheinputandoutput,respectively,ofaninvertingamplifierwhichcanbeconfiguredforuseasanon-chiposcillator,asshowninFigure1.Eitheraquartzcrystalorceramicresonatormaybeused.Todrivethedevicefromanexternalclocksource,XTAL2shouldbeleftunconnectedwhileXTAL1isdrivenasshowninFigure2.Therearenorequirementsonthedutycycleoftheexternalclocksignal,sincetheinputtotheinternalclockingcircuitryisthroughadivide-by-twoflip-flop,butminimumandmaximumvoltagehighandlowtimespecificationsmustbeobserved.
IdleMode
Inidlemode,theCPUputsitselftosleepwhilealltheonchipperipheralsremainactive.Themodeisinvokedbysoftware.Thecontentoftheon-chipRAMandallthespecialfunctionsregistersremainunchangedduringthismode.Theidlemodecanbeterminatedbyanyenabledinterruptorbyahardwarereset.
Itshouldbenotedthatwhenidleisterminatedbyahardwarereset,thedevicenormallyresumesprogramexecution,fromwhereitleftoff,uptotwomachinecyclesbeforetheinternalresetalgorithmtakescontrol.On-chiphardwareinhibitsaccesstointernalRAMinthisevent,butaccesstotheportpinsisnotinhibited.ToeliminatethepossibilityofanunexpectedwritetoaportpinwhenIdleisterminatedbyreset,theinstructionfollowingtheonethatinvokesIdleshouldnotbeonethatwritestoaportpinortoexternalmemory.
StatusofExternalPinsDuringIdleandPowerDownModes
mode
Programmemory
ALE
^psen
Port0
Port1
Port2
Port3
idle
internal
1
1
data
data
data
Data
Idle
External
1
1
float
Data
data
Data
Powerdown
Internal
0
0
Data
Data
Data
Data
Powerdown
External
0
0
float
data
Data
data
PowerDownMode
Inthepowerdownmodetheoscillatorisstopped,andtheinstructionthatinvokespowerdownisthelastinstructionexecuted.Theon-chipRAMandSpecialFunctionRegistersretaintheirvaluesuntilthepowerdownmodeisterminated.Theonlyexitfrompowerdownisahardwarereset.ResetredefinestheSFRsbutdoesnotchangetheon-chipRAM.TheresetshouldnotbeactivatedbeforeVCCisrestoredtoitsnormaloperatinglevelandmustbeheldactivelongenoughtoallowtheoscillatortorestartandstabilize.
ProgramMemoryLockBits
Onthechiparethreelockbitswhichcanbeleftunprogrammed（U）orcanbeprogrammed（P）toobtaintheadditionalfeatureslistedinthetablebelow:
LockBitProtectionModes
Programlockbits
Protectiontype
Lb1
Lb2
Lb3
1
U
U
U
Noprogramlockfeatures
2
P
U
U
Movcinstructionsexecutedfromexternalprogrammemoryaredisablefromfetchingcodebytesfrominternalmemory,^eaissampledandlatchedonreset,andfurtherprogrammingoftheflashdisabled
3
P
P
U
Sameasmode2,alsoverifyisdisable.
4
P
P
P
Sameasmode3,alsoexternalexecutionisdisabled.
Whenlockbit1isprogrammed,thelogiclevelattheEApinissampledandlatchedduringreset.Ifthedeviceispoweredupwithoutareset,thelatchinitializestoarandomvalue,andholdsthatvalueuntilresetisactivated.ItisnecessarythatthelatchedvalueofEAbeinagreementwiththecurrentlogiclevelatthatpininorderforthedevicetofunctionproperly.
ProgrammingtheFlash：
TheAT89C51isnormallyshippedwiththeon-chipFlashmemoryarrayintheerasedstate（thatis,contents=FFH）andreadytobeprogrammed.Theprogramminginterfaceacceptseitherahigh-voltage（12-volt）oralow-voltage（VCC）programenablesignal.ThelowvoltageprogrammingmodeprovidesaconvenientwaytoprogramtheAT89C51insidetheuser’ssystem,whilethehigh-voltageprogrammingmodeisco
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