董亚芬大学英语精读第三版第1册教案Unit3解析.docx
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董亚芬大学英语精读第三版第1册教案Unit3解析
Unit3ThePresent
I.Backgroundinformation
1.TraditionalBirthdayCelebrationinWesternCountries
IntheWest,itiscustomarytoholdapartyincelebrationofaperson’sbirthday.Theguestswillcometothepartywithbirthdaypresentsandsay“HappyBirthday”tothebirthdayperson.Thegueststhenwatchhimorheropenthepresentsandheorshethanksthemforthepresentstheyhavebrought.Atthepartydrinksandfoodareserved.Towardtheendofthedinnerthelightsintheroomareturnedoff,andsomeonecomesinfromanotherroomwithacakeonwhicharelightedcandles,oneforeachyear.Atthesightofthecaketheguestsbeginsinging“HappyBirthdaytoYou”andthebirthdaypersonmakesawishbeforeheorsheblowsoutthecandlesonthecake.Itissaidthatthewishwillcometrueifallthecandlesgooutinonepuff.Afterthat,thecakeiscutinslicesusuallybythebirthdayperson,onepieceforeachguest.Whenthepartycomestoanend,theguestswishthebirthdayperson“HappyBirthday”againandleave.
2.ImportantbirthdaysintheWest
At21,theageofmajority（nowloweredto18inmanycountries）,onebecomesanadult.Usuallythefamilyhasabigpartyforthenewadultandamajorpresent—anexpensivewatchoracar—isgivenhimorher.Thepresent,ofcourse,variousfromfamilytofamily.
Anybirthdaypast70iscelebratedinaspecialwaybyfamilymembersjustbecausethebirthdaypersonisgettingoldandmaydiebeforeanotherbirthdaycomesround.ThatiswhytheauthorofThePresentsays“eightywasaspecialbirthday”.
Andthen,100—thecentennialbirthday—isgenerallyregardedasanunusualoccasionbecausefewpeoplereachit.Thecentenarianmayevenreceiveatelegramoraletterofcongratulationsfromprominentpoliticalfigures,suchasthePrimeMinisterandtheQueeniftheanniversaryiscelebratedinBritain.Againthefamilymayholdapartyattendedbyrelativesandsurvivingfriendsaswell.Amongotherthingsthecentenariantakesdelightincountinggreatgrandchildrenandgrandchildrenattheparty.
Ⅱ.NewWords
1.rare:
adj.nothappen/seeoften;（ofasubstance,esp.atmosphere）thin,notdense
Example:
Environmentswereabletopreservetherareturtlebeforeitreached.
Naturalresourcesarerareinthisregion.
Thehigherwegoabovetheearth,therarertheairis.
Wouldyoulikeitrare,medium,orwell-done?
★rare/scarce
①rare:
长期缺少而珍贵的东西，还可以表示“频率低的，罕见的，缺少的”如：
ararebook珍本，araremetal稀有金属。
②scarce:
暂时缺乏从而不足的东西。
Example:
Foodandfuelaregettingscarce.
2.occasion:
n.
1）specialevent;timewhensthhappens
Example:
Letmetakethisoccasiontosay:
“Congratulation”.
2）tocausesth
Example:
Yourbehaviorhasoccasionedusalotoftrouble.
onoccasion:
sometimes
Example:
WegotoHongKongforholidayonoccasion.
ontheoccasionof:
值……之际
Example:
Wereceivedthispresentontheoccasionofoursilverwedding.
3.content:
adj./n./v.pleasedtodosth;satisfiedtodosth
Example:
Heiscontentwithhislifeatpresent.
◆Becauseofhisexcellentadministration,peoplelivedinpeaceandcontentandallpreviouslyneglectedmattersweretakencareof.（CET-4,2006,6,词汇）由于他的出色管理，人们安居乐业，所有先前被忽视的问题都得到了解决。
becontenttodosth愿意做
Example:
Sheiscontenttolivewithhermother-in-law.
toone’shearts’content:
尽情的
Example:
Theschoolbeingover,thechildrenwereallowedtowatchTVtotheirhearts’content.
∷一言辨异
Example:
Thepoorareoftencontented,butamiserisneversatisfied.穷人常知足，守财奴则永不满足。
4.arrange:
vi.makepreparations;plan
Example:
Iwillarrangeformysecretarytopickyouup..
◆WehavearrangedtogotothecinemaonFriday,butwecanbeflexibleandgoanotherday.（CET-4,2005,12,词汇）
5.operate:
v.
Example:
Themachineisnotoperatingproperly.
operateonsb（forsomedisease）给某人动手术治某病
Example:
Youcangetaprivatedoctortooperateonhim.
6.efficient:
【ef-（out）+fic（do）+-（i）ent（……的）】abletoplanorworkwell
Example:
Thenewsecretaryisaquick,efficientworker,andthebossisquietsatisfiedwithher.
◆The“energy-efficient”sealedcommercialbuildingsconstructedafter1970senergycrisisrevealedindoorairqualityproblemscausedbymaterialssuchaspaint,wallcoveringandcarpet.（CET-4,2006,6,完形）20世纪70年代能源危机后，为了高效利用能源而建造的密封商务大楼内存在着由于油漆、墙面粉刷及地毯等物质所引起的空气质量问题。
7.endure:
【en-（tomake）+dure（sustain）】tobear（suffering,pain,etc）
Example:
Heconquerswhoendure.坚持就是胜利。
★endure/bear/stand“忍受，忍耐”
①endure中含（持续，持久），所以它表示的忍受是指长时间忍受困难或不幸，强调持久力和意志坚定。
②bear原义“负担，承担”因而它强调忍受者对疼痛、忧虑、责任的承受力。
③stand有“站立而不倒”的含义，因而它强调“不屈不挠”或“经受得起”。
8.spot:
1）n.roundareathatisdifferentfromthemainsurface;aplace
Example:
Shewearsawhitedresswithgreenspot.
Thisisthespotwherethetwocarscollided.
2）v.torecognize;tomakesthdirty
Example:
Hiscollarwasspottedwithink.
Thebankclerkspottedthecounterfeitnote.
onthespot当场，在现场
Example:
Hedrewarevolverandshottheenemyonthespot.
9.bunch:
1）n.thingsofthesamekindthattiedtogether
Example:
MissWhitereceivedabunchofflowersfromheradmirer.
2）v.togettogether
Example:
Thechildrenbunchedtogetheringroupsintheplayground.
★bundle/bunch
①bundle捆，扎，包（从中部捆扎在一起的东西）
abundleofletters/abundleoffirewood
②bunch束，串（章程一束或结于一端的东西）
abunchofgrapes/abunchofflowers/abunchofkeys/abunchofbananas
10.reluctant:
adj.unwilling
Example:
Hegavemereluctantassistance.
bereluctanttodosth:
beunwillingtodosth
Example:
Shewasveryreluctanttoadmitthetruth.
11.flutter:
vi.tomovequicklytoandfrointheair
Example:
Theflagflutteredinthebreeze.
◆Ilingeredroundthem,underthatbenignsky:
watchedthemothsflutteringamongtheheathandharebells;listenedtothesoftwindbreathingthroughthegrass;andwonderedhowanyonecouldeverimagineunquietslumbersforthesleepsinthatquietearth.在那温和的露天，我在那三块墓碑前留恋徘徊，望着飞蛾在石楠从中和钟柳树中闪扑着翼翅，倾听着柔风在草上飘过的呼吸声，不禁感到奇怪，怎么会有人能够想象，在这么一片安静的土地下面，那长眠者怎会不得安睡呢。
（艾米丽.勃朗特《呼啸山庄》）
collection:
skimclear低飞掠过soar向上直飞glide滑行hover盘旋float漂浮
flutter振翅而飞
12.stoop:
vi.bendthebodyforwardsanddownwards/
Example:
Shestoopedtopickupherkeys.
Mymotherwalkswithastoop.（n.弯腰，弓背）
1stooptodo降低身份以求……
Example:
Hewouldstooptodoanythingforprofit.
②stoopto（doing）sth堕落到……的地步
Example:
Hehadstoopedtostealingmoneyfromhisparents.
13.tremble:
vi.shakeuncontrollablewithquickandshortmovements
Example:
Hisvoicetrembledwithanger.（因……而颤抖）
Theleavestrembleinthebreeze.
★shake,quiver,tremble
1shake“颤抖，震动”可用于任何运动，常常有粗鲁或不规则的含义。
Example:
Heshookherviolentlybytheshoulders.
2quiver“颤动”表示类似琴弦振动的轻微的，迅速的振动。
Example:
Helipquiveredandthenshestartedtocry.
3tremble“哆嗦，发抖”多指因胆怯、愤怒而发抖。
14.atothertimes在别的时候，平时
Example:
Theoldwomanseldomcamedownstairsatothertimes.
collection:
attimes有时atalltimes在任何时候
atonetime曾经allthetime一直
againsttime争分夺秒的aheadoftime提前
15.afterall
∷一言辨异
Youshouldnotscoldedtheboyatall,heisachildafterall;aboveall,hemadeonlytwomistakesinall.你根本不该责备那个男孩，他毕竟还是个孩子；更重要的是，他总共才出了两处错。
①notatall:
inanyway
②afterall:
inspiteofeverything
③aboveall:
mostimportantly
④inall:
asatotal
16.besureof:
★besureof…/besureto…
①besureofwinning“自己相信自己会胜利”
Example:
Theyaresureoffulfillingthetaskaheadofschedule.他们相信自己有把握提前完成任务。
2besuretowin“相信别人会胜利”
Example:
Theyaresuretofulfillthetaskaheadofschedule.（我们相信）他们一定能提前完成任务。
Ⅲ.warm-upquestions
1.Doyouoftencallyourparents?
Whatdoyouusuallytalkaboutwithyourparentsonthephone?
Yes,Ioftencallmyparents.Iusuallyaskabouttheirhealthanddailylifeandtellthemallthegoodthingsaboutmyself.
2.Doyouknowyourparents’birthday?
Whatdoyouusuallydotocelebratetheirbirthday?
Yes,Iknowmyparents’birthdays.WhenIlivedthembefore,Iusedtobuythemflowers,cakesorcookdinnerforthemtocelebratetheirbirthdays.Inrecentyears,Icanonlymakeaphonecallandsendmypresentstothem.
3.Supposeyourmotherwerefiftytomorrow.Whatbirthdaypresentwouldyousendher?
Iwillcallherandgivemybestwishestoher,andsendheraredsweaterbecauseshehasneverbeeninred.Ihopethiscolorcanbringhergoodluckandhealthforever.
Ⅳ.Languagepoints
1.Fromthesecondfloorflatshecouldseethepostmanwhenhecamedownthestreet,andthelittleboyfromthegroundfloorbroughtupherlettersontherareoccasionswhenanythingcame.（L2-5）
1）本句是由and引导的并列句，前一句中when引导时间状语从句，而后一句中的when引导的是定语从句，修饰occasions
2）Whatcanwelearnfromthispart?
Theoldlady’sdaughterandherrelativesandfriendsseldomsentherlettersorparcels.Ifanythingdidcomebypost,theboywouldbringitupforher.
2.Myrawouldn’tforgethermother’sbirthday,evenifsheseldomwroteatothertimes.（L6-7）
1）主干：
Myrawouldn’tforgethermother’sbirthday.后面的evenif引导让步状语从句。
2）evenif：
although,though
Example:
Hewasdeterminedtocarriedouthisplan,evenifhehadlungcancer.
3）seldom:
adv.notoften
Example:
Theyseldomwatchtelevisionthesedays.
Paraphrase:
Myrawouldn’tforgethermother’sbirthday,althoughshedidnotoftenwritetohermotheronotheroccasions.
3.OfcourseMyrawasbusy.HerhusbandhadbeenmadeMayor,andMyraherselfhadgotamedalforherworkfortheaged.（L7-9）
1）make:
vt.toselectorchoosesbassth
Example:
Shemadehimherassistant.
2）theaged:
oldpeople定冠词the和某些形容词和分次连用表示一类人或物，为复数概念。
如：
thepoor穷人，thesick病人,thewounded伤员，theliving活着的人。
3）CanyouguesswhatkindofworkMyratook?
Charitableundertaking.
4）Whatrhetoricaldevicedidtheauthoruse?
Irony.
5）Andwhatcanweinferfromthispart?
ItisquiteironicthatMyradidalotfo
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