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一、语基必备知识

(一)重点词汇——分类记忆

Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意

1.diagramn.       图解;图表;示意图

2.volcanon.火山

3.questionnairen.问卷;调查表

4.databasen.数据库;资料库

5.bootn.靴子

6.arousevt. 激发;唤醒

7.thunderstormn.雷暴

8.fountainvi.&vt.泉水般地喷出或涌出

n.喷泉;源泉

9.documentn.文件;证件

10.rainbown.彩虹

11.balconyn.  阳台

12.candidaten.候选人;候补者

13.spacemann.宇航员;航天专家

14.peakn.山峰;顶峰

15.samplen.样品;样本

16.persuasionn.信服;说服

Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形

1.waven.波浪;波涛

vi.波动;起伏;挥手

2.bathevi.洗澡;游泳

3.potentialn.潜在性;可能性;潜能

adj.可能的;潜在的

4.threatn.恐吓;威胁

5.preciousadj.贵重的;珍贵的

6.tremblevi.摇晃;摇动;颤抖

7.sweatn.汗

vi.出汗

8.guaranteevt.保证;担保

9.panicvi.&vt.惊慌

n.惊慌;恐慌

10.shootvt.射中;射伤

Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变

1.equipv.配备;装备→equipmentn.设备;装备

2.appointvt.任命;委派→appointmentn.任命;约定

3.evaluatevt.评估;评价;估计→evaluationn.评估

4.absoluteadj.绝对的;完全的→absolutelyadv.绝对地;完全地

5.suitn.一套外衣;套装vt.适合;使适宜→suitableadj.适当的;相配的

6.eruptvi.(指火山)爆发;突然发生→eruptionn.火山爆发;(战争等)爆发

7.actualadj.实在的;实际的→actuallyadv.实际地

8.noveln.小说adj.新奇的→novelistn.小说家

9.consciousadj.有知觉的;有意识的→unconsciousadj.失去知觉的;未察觉的

10.anxiousadj.忧虑的;不安的→anxiouslyadv.不安地→anxietyn.担心;焦虑;渴望

11.appreciatevt.欣赏;感激→appreciationn.欣赏;感谢

12.fogn.雾;烟雾→foggyadj.有雾的;模糊的

13.comfortvt.使安慰→comfortableadj.合适的;舒适的→uncomfortableadj.不舒服的;不舒适的

14.diverseadj.多种多样的;不同的→diversityn.多种多样;多样性

1.“惊慌,恐慌”家族

①panicvi.&vt.惊慌

n.惊慌;恐慌

②alarmvt.使惊慌

n.惊恐,警报,警报器

③scarev.使惊恐,受惊吓

n.惊恐,惊吓

④frightenvt.&vi.(使)惊恐

⑤terrifyvt.使恐怖,使惊吓,恐吓

2.后缀-ment名词小结

①equipment   设备;装备

②appointment 任命;约定

③announcement 通知;通告

④achievement功绩;成就

⑤punishment 惩罚

⑥treatment 对待;治疗

3.含“-ist(人)”词根的单词

①novel→novelist     小说家

②dent→dentist牙医

③capital→capitalist资本主义者

④reception→receptionist接待员

⑤physics→physicist物理学家

⑥volcanology→volcanologist火山学家

(二)重点短语——记牢用活

1.burn__to__the__ground     全部焚毁

2.make__one’s__way 前往

3.glance__through 匆匆看一遍

4.vary__from...to... 由……到……不等

5.have__a__gift__for 有……的天赋

6.be__home__to 是……的栖息地

7.be__compared__with 与……相比

8.in__the__distance 在远处

9.be__about__to__do__sth. 即将做某事

10.take__notice 留意;注意

1.“take+n.”相关短语面面观

①takenotice  留意;注意

②takeeffect  生效;起作用

③takecharge  开始管理;接管

④takeexercise  锻炼

⑤takepains  努力;尽力;下苦功夫

⑥takephotos拍照

⑦takesteps  采取措施

2.“havea(n)+n.+for”短语集锦

①haveagiftfor   有……的天赋

②haveapreferencefor  偏爱

③haveadesirefor  想要;渴望

④haveanosefor  对……敏感

⑤haveatastefor  对……有兴趣

⑥haveafancyfor  喜欢;迷恋

⑦haveachancefor  有……的机会

3.“看”不同的短语集合

①glancethrough 匆匆看一遍

②glanceat  匆匆一瞥

③lookaround  环视四周

④lookthrough  仔细检查

⑤stareat  凝视;盯着看

⑥glareat  怒视;瞪眼看

⑦spyon  偷窥;监视

(三)重点句式——背熟巧用

句型公式

教材原句

句型1:

“havingdonesth.”是现在分词的完成式作状语

Having__collected__and__evaluated__the__information,__Ihelpotherscientiststopredictwherelavafromthevolcanowillflownextandhowfast. 收集和评估这些信息之后,我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流,流速是多少。

句型2:

beabouttodo...when...正要……这时……

Iwas__about__to__go__back__to__sleep__whensuddenlymybedroombecameasbrightasday. 我刚要再睡,突然我的卧室亮如白昼。

句型3:

独立主格结构作原因状语

Theothertwoclimbeddownintothecratertocollectsomelavaforlaterstudy,butthis__being__my__first__experience,__Istayedatthetopandwatchedthem.

另外两个人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆,但我是第一次经历这样的事,所以留在山顶上观察他们。

句型4:

Itissaidthat...据说……

It__is__said__thatthisboy,whohadagreatgiftforlanguagesandpersuasion,isthefatheroftheManchupeople.

据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先,他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。

二、语境强化训练

Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式

1.Waving(挥手)goodbyetothemontheplatform,Ifelthappyforthemandwishedthemasafejourney.

2.Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgiveussomeprecious(宝贵的)adviceonhowtoimproveouronlineEnglishschool.

3.Onlywhenoneisingoodhealthcanheguarantee(保证)efficientlearning.

4.Schoolsshouldbelivelyplaceswhereindividualsareencouragedtodeveloptheirgreatestpotential(潜力).

5.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbeevaluated(评价)intermsofoverallqualities.

6.Thiskindofaccommodationoffersanindependentlifestyleandismoresuitable(适合的)forthestudentswhocomefromthecountryside.

7.Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,bathing(bathe)themountainingoldenlight.

8.Cyclingisanabsolutely(absolute)energy-savingmeansoftransportation.

Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义

1.(2019·浙江卷6月阅读C)McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.记录;记载

2.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ七选五)Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?

First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvalues,yourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.评估

3.(浙江卷阅读B)Belowarethesearchresultsfromauniversitylibrary’sdatabase.数据库;资料库

4.(江苏卷)Itmakesnodifferencefromordinaryvotingevents,inwhichcandidatesgoaroundtoseeksupports.候选人

Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空

1.Chooseapairofshoesthatsuitsyoubest,andwe’llcycletoasuitableplaceforapicnic.(suit)

2.Chinese-AmericannovelistGishJencoversgreatmanyatopicinhernovels,__suchasculture,race,andimmigrantsetc.(novel)

3.Hewasappointedasmanagerofthecompany.Buttoeveryone’ssurprise,hedidn’taccepttheappointment.(appoint)

4.Hewasanxioustoleaveandhecouldnothidehisanxiety.(anxious)

5.Amongallthepeopleweshouldappreciate,__ourparentsaretheoneswhodeserveourappreciationmost.(appreciate)

6.Doyouwanttoevaluateyourintelligence?

Justcompletetheevaluationfrombelow,please.(evaluate)

7.Tomwasbadlyhurtandstillunconsciousaftertheaccident,buthiswifewasconsciousandwassmilingtousconsciously.(conscious)

8.Peoplefromdiverseculturesholddifferentunderstandingontheplayandthisdiversityofopinionsmakesithardtoreachanagreementatthemeeting.(diverse)

Ⅳ.选词成篇

beanxiousabout;makeone’swayto;varyfrom...to...;glancethrough;getsb.intopanic

Thereareavarietyofdisastersintheworld,1.varying__fromfloodstoearthquakes.Everytimeabigdisasterhappens,itwill2.getpeopleinto__panicandwhatpeople3.are__anxious__aboutisjusthowtostruggletolive.Someevenhavenotimeto4.glance__throughtheirbelongingsbeforetheyarekilled.Butotherswhoareluckyaretofightagainstthedisastersuntiltheend.

Forthesurvivors,althoughtheyareguaranteedthesafetyoftheirlivesbytherescueteam,theyalsodesireto5.make__their__way__totheplacewheretheyaremostneeded.Tothesurvivors’relief,agreatnumberofrescueteamsareappointedtorescuepeople’slivesandpropertyinthedisaster-hitareasimmediatelythedisastersoccur.

Ⅴ.完成句子

1.已经意识到保护环境的重要性,全国人民正采取措施减少污染。

Having__realized__the__importanceofprotectingtheenvironment,peoplealloverthecountryaretakingmeasurestoreducethepollution.

2.由于汤姆一再迟到,他的老板非常失望。

Tom__having__been__lateagainandagain,hisbosswasverydisappointed.

3.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)据说这部英文短片主要与我们学校的发展有关。

It__is__said__thattheshortEnglishfilmismainlyrelatedtothedevelopmentofourschool.

4.我正要上床睡觉这时电话响了。

Iwas__about__to__go__to__bed__whenthetelephonerang.

appoint vt.约定;指定(时间、地点等);任命;委派

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①Youcanputthebooksintheappointed(appoint)place,andotherparticipantscanhavefreeaccesstothem.

②(2018·北京卷)Goodmorning.I’dliketomakeanappointment(appoint)fornextWednesdayafternoon.

[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级

③(普通表达)Hewas__appointed__as__headmaster(被任命为校长)oftheschool.Hesparednoefforttoimproveitsteachingquality.

④(高级表达)Appointed__as__headmaster__of__the__school,__hesparednoefforttoimproveitsteachingquality.(分词作状语)

(1)appointsb.as/tobe...  任命某人为……

appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事 

(2)appointmentn.      任命;约会

makeanappointmentwithsb.与某人约会

keepanappointment守约

breakanappointment违约

[佳句背诵]Iwasappointedtotakechargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.

我被任命负责安排那天的所有活动。

suit n.一套外衣;套装 vt.适合;使适宜

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①Agoodteachersuitshislessonstotheageofhispupils.

②(2018·天津卷书面表达)YouhavejustwonthefirstprizeintheRoboticsCompetition.Therefore,youarethemostsuitable(suit)person.

[能力提升]——一句多译

(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)因为我精通英语,所以我的确认为我适合这项志愿者工作。

③IdobelieveIam__suitable__for/am__fit__forthisvoluntarywork,becauseIhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.

④Idobelievethisvoluntaryworksuits__me,__becauseIhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.

(1)asuitof        一套……

suit...to...使……适合……

(2)suitableadj.适当的;相配的

besuitable/fitfor适合于……

besuitabletodosth.适合做某事 

[佳句背诵]Ifnot,letmeknowwhattimesuitsyoubest. 如果不方便,请告诉我什么时间最适合你。

(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)

[名师点津]

(1)suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等;

(2)fit多指大小、形状的合适;

(3)match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。

anxious adj.忧虑的;不安的 n.款待;招待

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①(2018·天津卷)Anxiously(anxious)IwenttobeddreamingaboutwhatIwouldfindatthetopofthismagicalmountain.

②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)There’stensionandanxiety(anxious)fromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.

[能力提升]——完成句子

③我很担心即将到来的考试,以至于晚上很难入睡。

I’mso__anxious__about__the__coming__exam__thatIcanhardlyfallasleepatnight.

(1)beanxiousfor/about为……担心

beanxioustodosth.急于做某事

(2)anxietyn.担心;焦虑;渴望

withanxiety=anxiously焦虑地,不安地 

[佳句背诵]IwastoldthattheLearningCentreprovideshelpforstudentsandI’manxioustogethelpfromyou. 别人告诉我辅导中心可以给学生提供帮助,我急于想从您那儿得到一些帮助。

panic vi.&vt.(使人或动物)受惊;惊慌 n.惊慌;恐慌

[基础练习]——单句语法填空

①Tompanickedatthesoundofexplosionandhiswifealsogotintoapanic.

②Thefirsttimehesteppedonthestage,hepanicked(panic)atthesightoftheaudience.

[能力提升]——完成句子

③每当人们在惊恐慌乱中做出决定时,结果往往都不太美妙。

Whenever__people__make__decisions__when__they__are__in__panic,__theconsequencesarerarelypretty.

(1)inpani

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