届高三英语人教版一轮新高考复习课时提能练21 必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists.docx
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届高三英语人教版一轮新高考复习课时提能练21必修5Unit1Greatscientists
课时提能练（二十一）
必修5 Unit1 Greatscientists
课时作业A：
基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
An1.announcement（announce）wasmadeyesterday,sayingthatMr.Watsonwasawardedaprizeforhis2.contribution（contribute）toenvironmentalprotection.Howtostoptheairbeingpollutedisa3.challenging（challenge）taskfacingsocietytoday.Mr.Watsonbegantoworkonair4.pollution（pollute）problemsatage24andhasbeenshowinggreat5.enthusiasm（enthusiastic）forhiswork.Hethinksgovernmentsshouldtake6.responsibility（responsible）fortheworseningairquality.Heoftengivesspecificinstructionsinthe7.construction（construct）ofpowerstations,warningthatpeopleshouldbe8.cautious（caution）inproducingelectricityfromcoal.
B
Anopinionwasput9.forwardtwoyearsagothatabridgewouldbebuilttolinkthisisland10.tothemainland.Butsomeexpertswarnedthelocalgovernmenttobecautious11.about/ofthepotentialrisks,addingthatitmadelittlesense12.tospend（spend）alargesumofmoneymakingsuchabridge.However,theislanderswereveryenthusiastic13.abouttheopinion.Thebridgecouldpromotethelocaleconomyapart14.fromtheconvenienceitwouldbringtothem.Nowthebridgeis15.underconstruction,butthebuildersarerequiredtoslow16.downtheconstructionspeedtomakesureeverydetailisperfect.
C
Mrs.Browndidn'tknowwho17.toblame（blame）forthestolenantiquevase.Shelivedinabighousewithastrongfence18.surrounding（surround）it.Everytimeshelefthomeshewouldhaveallthewindowsanddoors19.locked（lock）.Therobbermust20.havebeen（be）verysmartandintelligent,forneitherthealarm21.norherdogmadeasoundwhenheslippedin.Only22.ifthepolicearrestedtherobberdidsheknowifshecouldgetbacktheexpensivevase.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．除了英语课之外，我还积极参加英语角和其他英语课外活动，受益颇多。
（apartfrom）
ApartfromEnglishclasses,ItookanactivepartinEnglishCornerandotherafterclassEnglishactivities,whichbenefitedmealot．
2．汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她这件事。
①Tomwassoabsorbedinhisworkthatheforgottoinformherofit.（absorb）
②SoabsorbedwasTominhisworkthatheforgottoinformherofit.（so...that...的倒装句）
③Absorbedinhiswork,Tomforgottoinformherofit.（过去分词短语作状语）
3．他把考试失败归咎于老师。
①Heblamedthefailureofhisexamontheteacher.（blame...on）
②Heblamedtheteacherforthefailureofhisexam．（blame...for）
③Heput/laidtheblameforthefailureofhisexamontheteacher.（blamen．）
4．（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）了解唐朝的历史有助于你理解这些诗。
（contribute）
KnowingthehistoryoftheTangDynastywillcontributetoyourunderstandingofthepoems．
5．每当看到这张老照片，我就会想起我中学时的同桌。
（everytime）
EverytimeIseetheoldphoto,Iwillthinkofmydeskmateinmiddleschool.
课时作业B：
能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2019·洛阳市、许昌市质检）Lookingbackonmychildhood，Iamconvincedthatnaturalistsarebornandnotmade.
Althoughwewereallbroughtupinthesameway,mybrothersandsisterssoonabandonedtheirpressedflowersandinsects.Unlikethem，Ihadnoearformusicandlanguages.IwasnotanearlyreaderandIcouldnotdomentalmaths.
Ihaveonlytheunmemorablememoryofthehousewelivedin,ofmyroomandmytoys.NordoIrecallclearlythelargefamilyofgrandparents，aunts，unclesandcousinswhogatherednextdoor.ButIdohaveacrystalclearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals，thelocalbirds，andabovealltheinsects.
Iamanaturalist，notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld，andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.Ilovediscussingmyfavoritetopicsandenjoyburningthemidnightoilwhilereadingaboutotherpeople'sobservationsanddiscoveries.Thensomethinghappensthatbringstheseobservationstogetherinmyconsciousmind.Thishasresultedinmypublishing300papersandbooks，whichsomemighthonourwiththetitleofscientificresearch.
Butcuriosity，akeeneye，agoodmemoryandenjoymentoftheanimalandplantworlddonotmakeascientist：
Oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisselfdiscipline,aqualityIlack.Ascientistrequiresnotonlyselfdisciplinebutalltraining,determinationandagoal.Ascientist，uptoapoint,canbemade.Anaturalistisborn.Ifyoucancombinethetwo,yougetthebestofbothworlds.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：
博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。
1．Whatimpressedtheauthordeeplyduringhischildhood?
A．Wildlife. B．Music.
C．Languages.D．Literature.
A [细节理解题。
根据第三段最后一句“ButIdohaveacrystalclearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirds,andabovealltheinsects”可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选A。
]
2．Whycan'ttheauthorrememberhisrelativesclearly?
A．Hedidn'tlivewiththemforlong.
B．Thefamilywasextremelylarge.
C．Hewasfullyoccupiedwithobservingnature.
D．Hewastooyoungwhenhelivedwiththem.
C [推理判断题。
根据第三段最后一句“ButIdohaveacrystalclearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirds,andabovealltheinsects”可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld”呼应，故选C。
]
3．Accordingtotheauthor，whatpersonalityshouldabornnaturalisthavefirstofall?
A．Beingknowledgeable.
B．Beingselfdisciplined.
C．Beingfullofambition.
D．Beingfullofenthusiasm.
D [推理判断题。
根据第四段前两句“Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld，andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。
由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D。
]
4．Whydoestheauthorsayheisanaturalist,notascientist?
A．Hethinkshelackssomequalityrequiredofascientist.
B．Hethinkshehasmuchtroubledoingmentalarithmetic.
C．Hethinkshecomesupwithsolutionsinamostnaturalway.
D．Hethinkshejustreadsaboutotherpeople'sobservations.
A [细节理解题。
根据最后一段第一句“Butcuriosity,akeeneye,agoodmemoryandenjoymentoftheanimalandplantworlddonotmakeascientist：
Oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisselfdiscipline，aqualityIlack”可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质，故选A。
]
B
（2019·安徽省五校联盟第二次质检）Whileanentiremonthfreeofhomeworkortestsmaysoundtoogoodtobetrue,thatisexactlywhatthestudentsatSturenskolanSchoolinBoden,SwedenweretreatedtoinApril.What'smore,iftheresultsoftheexperimentproveencouraging,starting2019,themiddleschoolerswillneverhavetoworryaboutafterschoolworkortests,asidefromthenationalexaminations,whicharecompulsiveforstudentsacrossthecountry.
Theschool'sprincipal,PetronellaSirkka,whocameupwiththeidea,said,“Weareconstantlyreceivingnewreportsthatourchildrenfeelbad.Andthat'sbecausetheyhaveahighlevelofstressallthetime.Thisisourwayoftryingtoreducethatstress.”
Theeducatorsaysthatwhilebanninghomeworkandtestssoundsradical（激进的）,itmakessensegiventhechangesinthecurriculumandapproachestoeducation.Whileinthepaststudentswereprimarilysubjectedtomemorizingfacts,learningtodayisallaboutreflectionandanalysis.Asaresult,itisoftenharderforkids,especiallythosewithlittlesupportathome,tocomprehendthematerialbythemselves.
Sirkkaisnottheonlyonewhobelievesafterschoolworkdoesnothelpstudentslearn.InMarch2018,anotherprincipalinCanadaalsodecidedtodoawaywithhomework.Theyhopeparentswillspendtheextratimereadingtotheirkids.
Whilethelongtermimpactoftherecentdecisionsmadebythetwoeducatorsremainstobeseen,theexperimenthasalreadyprovedsuccessfulinFinlandwhichhasdoneawaywithhomework,grades,andeventeachingbysubjectsformanyyears.Yet,FinnishstudentsalwaysrankhighinthePISA（ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment）testsespeciallyinmathandsciencebuttheyhavetheleasthomework!
Hopefully,itwillonlybeamatteroftimebeforeUSeducatorsfollowtheirleadandbanafterschoolworkaswell!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。
瑞典一所学校在四月份取消了学生的家庭作业和考试，这是该校校长PetronellaSirkka看到学生作业负担太重而提出的举措，且芬兰采取的类似做法已获成功。
5．ThestudentsatSturenskolanSchoolhadnohomeworkinAprilbecause．
A．theheadmasterwasexperimentingwithheridea
B．theyneededtodosomeexperimentsduringthemonth
C．theywerebusypreparingforthenationalexaminations
D．theheadmasterhadtocarryoutthegovernment'spolicy
A [细节理解题。
根据第二段第一句中的“Theschool'sprincipal，Petronella Sirkka，whocameupwiththeidea”，并结合第一段的内容可知，Sturenskolan学校的学生们在四月份没有家庭作业和考试是该校校长提出的想法，故A项正确。
]
6．Whatmakeschildren'slearninghardnowadays?
A．Childrenhavetodomoreanalyzing.
B．Theapproachtoeducationiscomplex.
C．Childrengetnosupportathomeandschool.
D．Therearemanymorefactstomemorize.
A [细节理解题。
根据第三段第二、三句“Whileinthepaststudentswereprimarilysubjectedtomemorizingfacts,learningtodayisallaboutreflectionandanalysis.Asaresult,itisoftenharderforkids,especiallythosewithlittlesupportathome，tocomprehendthematerialbythemselves”可知，在过去，学生主要是被要求记住事实，而如今学生需要的是反思和分析。
因此，孩子们往往很难自己理解这些材料。
据此可知，反思和分析让孩子们的学习更加困难。
故A项正确。
]
7．WhatdoesPetronellaSirkkamostlikelyadviseparentstodo?
A．Helpchildrenwiththeirhomework.
B．Freechildrenfromafterschoolhousework.
C．Spendmoretimereadingtotheirchildren.
D．Communicatewithteachersfromtimetotime.
C [推理判断题。
根据第四段尾句“Theyhopeparentswillspendtheextratimereadingtotheirkids”可推知，PetronellaSirkka很可能会建议父母花些时间为他们的孩子们阅读，故C项正确。
]
8．WhatcanweinferaboutthestudentsinFinland?
A．Theystudythehardestatschool.
B．Theyhaveamorerelaxingschoollife.
C．Theyenjoygreatsuccessaftergraduation.
D．Theyallhaveatalentformathandscience.
B [推理判断题。
根据尾段第一句中的“theexperimenthasalreadyprovedsuccessfulinFinlandwhichhasdoneawaywithhomework,grades,andeventeachingbysubjectsformanyyears”可知，多年来，芬兰已经取消了家庭作业、成绩等级，甚至科目教学。
据此可推知，芬兰学生的学校生活更加轻松，故B项正确。
]
Ⅱ.完形填空
（2019·成都市第二次诊断
升级会员 