英语语言学填空题及答案.docx
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英语语言学填空题及答案
Chapterone
1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthe.
2.Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled.
3.Thestudyof_usedinlinguisticcommunicationledtotheestablishmentofphonetics.
4.Thestudyofisknownassemantics.
5.Psycholinguisticsrelatesthestudyoflanguageto.
6.Thestudyofisgenerallyknownasappliedlinguistics.
7.Ifalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe.
8.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinisasynchronicstudythedescriptionofalanguageasitthroughtimeisadiachronic.
9.Fromthepointofviewoflinguisticevolution,speechistowriting.
10._referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthememberofaspeechcommunity,andreferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.
11.Linguisticisdescriptivewhiletraditionalgrammeris.
12.Modernlinguisticregardsthelanguageasprimary,notthewritten.
13.Manyoftherulesoftraditionalgrammerapplyonlytothelanguage.
14.Whenthestudyofmeaningis,notinisdation,butinthecontextoflanguageuse,itbecomesanotherbranchoflinguisticstudycalledpragmatics.
15.Prescriptiveanddescriptiverepresenttwodifferentoflinguisticstudy.
答案:
1.scientificstudyoflanguage
2.generallinguistics
3.sounds
4.meaning
5.psychology
6.applications
7.descriptive
8.history;changes
9.prior
10.langue;parole
11.prescriptive
12.spoken
13.written
14.conducted
15.types
ChapterTwo
1.Phoneticsisdefinedasthestudyoftheoflanguage;ifisconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld’slanguage.
2.Thethreebranchesofphoneticsare_,auditoryphoneticsandacousficphoneticsrespectively.
3.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintwoways:
oneisintermsof_
andtheotherisintermsof_.
4.Bothphonologyandphoneticsareconcernedwiththesameaspectoflanguage-_______.
5.Thedifferentthroeswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticsenvronmentsarecalledthe_ofthatphoneme.
6.Theassimulationrulesassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofa_______;thusmakingthetwophonessimilate.
7.Theassimulationrulealsoaccountsforthe_______ofthealvedarnasalinsomesoundcombinations.
8.Thedeletionruletellsuswhenasoundistobedeletedalthoughitis______.
9.Languageisfirst______throughitssounds.
10.Theletter[P]intermsofplaceofarticulation______intermsofmannerofarticulationis_______.
11._______,notphoneticidentityisthectciterionwithwhichweoperatethephonologicalanalysisoflanguage.
12.Thegreatestsourceofmodificationoftheairstreamisfoundingthe_______.
13.Correspondingtothedistinctionoflongandshortvowelsisthedistinctionof_____and______vowels.
14.Aphonemeisfurtheranalyzablebecauseitconsistsofasetof______.
15.Similaralterationofstressalsooccursbetweena______andaphraseconsistingofthesameelements.
答案:
1.phonicmedium
2.labeledarticulationphonetics
3.mannerofarticulation;placeofarticulation
4.thespeechsounds
5.allophones
6.sequentialphoneme
7.varyingpronunciation
8.orthographicallyrepresented
9.perceived
10.bilabial;stops
11.phoneticsimilarity
12.oralcavity
13.tense;lox
14.simultaneousdistinctivefeatures
15.compoundnoun
ChapterThree
1.Linguistsdefinethewordasthesmallest______foundinlanguage.
2.Morphemeisthe_______________thatcarriesinformationaboutmeaningorfunction.
3.Therootconsistutesthe_____ofthewordandcarriesthemajorcomponentsofitsmeaning.
4.Morphemeareusually______:
thereisnonatureconnectionbetweentheirsoundandmeaning.
5.When_______areconjoinedtoothermorpheme(orwords),anewwordsarederived,orformed.
6.Derivationisan_______thatformawordwithmeaningandcategorydistinctfromthatofitsbases.
7.Unlikephonemesandsyllableswhicharetheelementsofsound,words_______.
8.______arethefoundationbuildingblocksofalanguage.
9.Linguistsusethetermmorphologytorefertothepartofthegrammerthatisconcernedwith______and________.
10.Thecontentwordsoflanguage,suchas____,_____,_____andadverbs,aresometimescalledopenclasswords.
11.Affixes______belongtoalexicalcategoryandarealwaysboundmorpheme.
12.Boundmorphemeswhichareforthemostpartpurelygrammaticalmakersandsignifysuchconceptsastense,number,casearecalled_________.
13._______,________andfreemorphemescombinearethemajorwaystoproducenewwords.
14.Thewayswordareformedarecalled_______.
15.Whentwowordsareinthesame_______,thecompoundwillbeinthiscategory.
答案:
1.freeform
2.smallestunitoflanguage
3.core
4.arbitrary
5.derivationalmorphemes
6.affixationalprocess
7.carrymeaning
8.words
9.wordformation;wordstructure
10.nouns;verbs;adjectives
11.donot
12.inflectionalmorphemes
13.derivation;compounds
14.morphologicalrules
15.grammaticalcategory
Chapterfour
1.Todetermineaword'scategory,threecriteriaareusuallyemployed:
,.
2.TheXPruleis.
3.Syntaxisabranchoflinguisticsthatstudiestherulesthat.
4.TheSruleis
5.Thefirst,formedbytheinaccordancewiththesubcategorizationproperties,iscalleddeepstructure.
6.questionsbeginwithawh-wordarecalled.
7.Correspondingtothefinalsyntacticformofsentencewhichresultsfromappropriatetransformations,iscalled.
8.Iftheheadisaverb,thenthespecifieris.
9.Wordlevelcategoriesaredividedintotwokinds:
and.
10.Syntacticunitsthatarebuiltaroundacertainwordcategoryarecalled.
11.Thestructureswhichformedbyjoiningtwoormoreelementsofthesometypewiththehelpofaconjunctionare.
12.Theinformationaboutisincludedintheheadandtermedsubcategorization.
13.Theelementwhichspecifiesoptionallyexpressiblepropertiesofhandis.
14.Aspecialtypeofrulethatcanmoveanelementfromonepositiontoanotheris.
15.Theconstructioninwhichthecomplementphrasesisembeddediscalled.
答案
1.meaning,inflection,distribution
2.XP→(specifier)X(complement)
3.governtheformationofsentences
4.S→NPVP
5.XPrule,head’s
6.questions
7.sufficestructure
8.qualifier
9.majorlexicalcategories,minorlexicalcategories
10.phrases
11.coordinatestructures
12.aword’scomplement
13.modifiers
14.transformation
15.matrixclause
Chapterfive
1.Accordingtothenamingtheory,wordsarejustorlabeisforthings.
2.
3.Twokindsofcontextarerecognized:
thesituationalcontextandthe.
4.IntheEnglishvocabularytherearetwocategoryofwords:
and.
5.Synonymscanbedividedintothe,
stylisticsynonyms,andcollocationalsynonyms.
6.Whentwowordsareidenticalin,theyare.Whentwowordsareidenticalin,theyarehomographs.
7.swperordinateismoregeneralinmeaning,buthyponymsismore.
8.threekindsofantonymyarerecognized:
Gradableantonymys,,and.
9.Therearefourcertainrelationsbetweensentences,theyare:
,andpreswpposes.
10.Therearetwoaspectstosentencemeaning:
grammaticalmeaningandmeaning.
11.Intermsoftruthcondition,ifXistrue,Yistrue,ifXisfalse,Ymaybetrueorfalse,wecalledtherelationis
12.Apolysemicwordistheresultoftheevolutionofthemeaningoftheword.Thevariousmeaningofthewordaretosomedegree.Completehomonymsareoftenbroughtintobeingby.
13.Referencedealswiththerelationshipbetweentheelementandwordofexperience.
14.heldtheviewthat“weshallknowawordbythecompanyitkeeps
15.semanticscanbesimplydefinedasthestudyof.
答案:
1.names
2.referent
3.linguisticcontext
4.nativewords,borrowedwords
5.Dialectalsynonyms,emotivesynonyms
6.homophones,spelling
7.specific
8.complementaryantonyms,relationalopposites
9.synonymous,inconsistence,entails
10.semantic
11.entails
12.primary,related,coincidence
13.linguistic,non-linguistic
14.J.R.Firth
15.meaning
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