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高中英语语法填空解题技巧指导8
语法填空解题技巧指导与练习
语法填空的考查范围:
1.语境(上下文);
2.语法:
动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式)、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。
语法填空的能力要求:
1.阅读/理解语篇的能力2.分析句子结构的能力
3.熟练运用语法的能力4.单词拼写能力
时间,地点
原因,目的
结果,条件
方式,让步
注意事项
1.动词注意时态,主被动,非谓语等善于联系上下文,一些词的时态和语态等形式可以由此推出。
2.留意句号、逗号,如空前是逗号,则考查非限制性的定语从句或插入语的机会极大。
3.注意长句中短语的前后响应。
eg:
Studentsmustdevoteasmuchoftheirtimeaspossible,atandafterschool,collegeentranceexams.(to)
4.填名词时要特别注意要不要复数。
可以看后面谓语动词是什么形式,也可以看前面有无oneof.
5.有些空的答案需看完下文才能确定。
eg:
AnewstudyfromFinlandshowspetownerstendtobeheavier,activeandinpoorerhealththanpeoplewithoutapet,whichwas__releasedinPLOSONE…(07汕头一模)此空less与more都可填,但看完下文就知只能填less。
6.填词的适当形式有时会要求填反义词。
eg:
ManypeopleintheUSAthinkthatdoctorsareoverpaid.Mostdoctors,(agree)however..此空应填disagree。
由于句中的“however”可以看出该句与上句是相反的,故用agree的反义词。
7.一空有可能是2-3词,而出现这种情况通常是固定结构。
如to+动词原形,be+-ed分词表被动,或适当的时态,如havebeendoing等。
8.有些可能令人觉得不用填句子也通,这时要特别留意有没有可能是下列这些情况:
反身代词;do/did/does作强调时的使用;that作主表从句的引导词。
9.句首设空,以“”的形式出现,立即想起这些词:
however,therefore,besides,otherwise。
10.在高考评分标准原则上,能用一个词的就尽量用一个词。
TIPS
在语法填空题中,下列这些词出题频率相当高,把他们背起来!
however,which(非限制性的定语从句中),a/an,the,if,whether,so,or,but,as,and,when,because,why,what,who,how,that,can/could,to,with,although,though
一、动词(谓语/非谓语)
给出动词的原形,根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。
填动词形式,首先抓住主谓结构,确定主句,剩下的部分,如有连词,则是句子,仍然有主谓结构,否则就用非谓语;是谓语就思考时态,语态,主谓一致,是非谓语就看主动被动,有否先后关系。
1.…MsChen(teach)meEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmyappreciationIdecidedtogetherapresent.(广州一模)
2.…IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.(广州一模)
3.…Theexam,whichwasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,_________(change)tothelibraryatthelastminute.(广州二模)
4.Ihadtoleaveworktotakehimtothehospitalbecausehe__________(break)hisfinger.(深圳二模)
5.Thechild,NicoleHobson,(take)byhermothertoChildren'sMemorialHospitalabout11p.m.,Wednesdaytocheck…(汕头二模)
6.Atransitspokesmansaidthedrivershould(make)radiocalltothecontrolcenterforhelp.(汕头二模)
7.AnofficialfromtheMinistryofEducationsaidthatChinafollowsaneducationalpolicythat____(encourage)studentstostudyabroad.(茂名二模)
8.Oneofthemwasavisitor,sayinghewouldn’thavebeenthereifhe_________(watch)theweatherforecastthedaybefore.(梅州二模)
9.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson___(receive)thegift.(广州一模)
10.…Withtheproblem___(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.(广州二模)
11.…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft_________(complete)therest..(广州二模)
12.There,_____(place)neatlybesidetheemptydish,weretwonickelsandfivepennies—hertip!
(深圳一模)
13.______(compare)withthepreviousyear,thenumberofstudentswhowentabroadforstudywasincreasedby15,000,orariseof13%.(茂名二模)
14.StormssweptalongNewMexico'sborderwithTexasonFriday,___________(destroy)homesandotherbuildingsandinjuring…(梅州二模)
15.Wemustpractisespeakingand______(write)thelanguagewheneverwecan.
16.butitisnotenoughonly________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.(佛山一模)
17.Thetelevisionviewermakesnochoiceandnojudgment.Heiscompletelypassiveandhaseverything____________(present)tohimwithoutanyeffortonhispart.(东莞一模)
二、代词挖掉代词,句子的结构受到破坏,句子间出现不连贯。
1.…Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelprelax.(广州二模)
2.Thelittleboypulled____righthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumberofcoinsinit.(深圳一模)
3.…thedriverdid_____tohelpandevenstoppedoncetopickupmorepassengers.(汕头二模)
4.Ifyougiveyourchildren…thattheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,thentheywillregard_______asunfitorunablepersons.(深圳罗湖)
5.Some134,000Chinesestudentswenttostudyabroad,and120,000ofwereself-fundedstudents,…(茂名二模)
6.Firstly,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehearspoken.(佛山一模)
三、定语从句的引导词必须根据定语从句的信息和先行词进行推断,从而补出引导词,这本身就是考查逻辑思维能力。
1.…Theexam, ___ wasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,waschangedtothelibraryatthelastminute.(广州二模)
2…ThenIwenttothedepartmentstore Iworkedpart-timeandboughtheranexpensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef.(广州一模)
3.Itwasapoemaboutme,___________includedthetime…(深圳二模)
4.Atthesametime,therehadbeenagrowingnumberofoverseasstudents_______camebacktoChinaafterstudy.(茂名二模)
5.MoreandmoreChinesestudentsgoabroadforstudy,____issupportedbytheChinesegovernment.(茂名二模)
四、连词(从属连词/并列连词)
A)引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。
如名词性从句的引导词what,who,which,when,where,whatever,whoever,whichever,whether;副词从句引导词where,wherever,when,if,how,unless,until…
1.…Manythingsmustbeconsideredsuchas thepersonisinterestedinandhowoldheis.(广州一模)
2.Myfaceturnedredonhearing_____mymothersaid.(惠州一模)
3.Shewouldpointout______theyhadmasteredanddeclaredfirmlytheycouldlearnwhattheyhadmissed.(深圳罗湖)
4.TheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics(儿科)says_____childrenreallyneedforhealthdevelopmentismoregood,old-fashionedplaytime.(四校联考)
5.Ialmoststartedtoyellhisname__________Isuddenlyrememberedhewasinbedasleep.(深圳二模)
6.______childrenbelievetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependent.
7.Statisticsshowthat______Chinacarriedouttheopening-uppolicy,atotalofonemillionstudentshavegoneabroadforstudy.(茂名二模)
8.______wearesatisfiedwithonlyafewruleswehavememorized,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.(佛山一模)
9.Somepeople,however,maintainthatthisisprecisely_________thedangerlies.
B)并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。
如and,but,or,though,although,so…挖掉关联词,要想补上连词,思路必须与作者思路相吻合。
1.…Ihadnoideahowtodoit.ItriedtostaypositiveandperseveredIfinallyfoundthesolution.(广州二模)
2.…IaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterestImademyfinaldecision.(广州一模)
3.Tom,an8—year—oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop___satatatable.(深圳一模)
4.Itisdifficultforparentsofnearlyeveryfamilytoteachtheirchildrentoberesponsibleforhousework,_____withoneofthefollowingsuggestions,youreallycangetyourchildrentohelpathome.(深圳罗湖)
五、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语
此功能于关联词相似。
只是这种副词(短语)在用法上更加灵活多变。
典型的有though,however,also,therefore,still,besides,inaddition,instead,or,otherwise,first,second,then,finally,inaword等等。
1.This,,didn’tbothermebecausemathshadalwaysbeenmystrongestsubject.(广州二模)
2.Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraise_____.(深圳罗湖)
六、特殊句型(或固定短语)
考查对固定结构(短语)的熟悉掌握程度。
属于字词层面考查语法。
1.Itwasnotlong____thewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetable.
2.…wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatMSG!
(广州一模)
3.SocarelesswasI__________Ihadforgottenallaboutthat.(深二模)
4.…"asamatterof_______,youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievement…(惠州一模)
5.WhenCarettson,29,apassenger,wastryingtobring_____Nicole'slife…(汕头二模)
6.Thechildwasstrickenaboutamileaway___thehospital.(汕头二模)
七、冠词
1.…ButmymoodquicklychangedwhenIsaw_________firstquestion.(广州二模)
2…ThenIwenttothedepartmentstore…andboughtherexpensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef..(广州一模)
3.Tom,____8—year—oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop.(深圳一模)
4.HetalkedabouthowIwrestledwithhimintheeveningsand________goodmanyotherthings.(深圳二模)
5.Itoldthebusdriverthatmybabyhadjusthadheartoperationandthatshewashaving____heartfailure.(汕头二模)
6.Televisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceofentertainment,butalso__________comparativelycheapone.(东莞一模)
八、词形变化或者词性变化
给出单词的原形,通过句子分析,缺少什么成分,再用正确的单词形式补充完整。
这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。
1…MrChenhastaughtmeEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmy__________(appreciate)Idecidedtogetherapresent. (广州一模)
2.…_(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutestocompletetherest. (广州二模)
3.Somepeoplewerenowwaitingforherserviceandthewaitressgrewabit(patience).(深圳一模)
4.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid__(rude).(深圳一模)
5.Idon’tknowifheplacedthepoemnexttothefailinggradeto______(soft)theblow,butitwork.(深圳二模)
6.Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto_____(understand)them.(惠州一模)
7.Youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievementinthe_____(entertain)field.(惠州一模)
8.Thesepeoplehavemadegreat_____(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.(茂名二模)
9.…tocheckher(recent)inserted(插入)pacemaker.(汕头二模)
10.Thetornadoesdamagedseveral___________(new)builtbuildings,…(梅州二模)
11.Numerousstudieshaveshownthatfreeplayisvery(benefit).Itcanhelpchildrenbecomecreative…(四校联考)
12theycanseeplays,films,operas,andshowsofeverykind,nottomentionthelatest___________(excite)footballmatch.(东莞一模)
九、介词或数词
1.IwasalwaystoldthatthethreePs,…,wereasurepath_______success.(广州二模)
2."Don'tbealwaysparticular_____yourpresentworkandincome.(惠州一模)
3.ItbegantomakesensetomethatIcouldincludepraisealong______constructivecriticism.(深圳二模)
4.Heshowedthepublicalimitededitionfour-wheeldrivecar,whichisespeciallymade_______hispersonaltaste.(梅州一模)
5.Fivewereincriticalcondition__________headtrauma(外伤,损伤),saidLizCrouch,thecenter'schiefoperatingofficer.(梅州二模)
6.Thereisnoeasywaytosuccess____languagelearning.
7.Itwashis__________(nine)yearofschool.(深圳二模)
十、形容词/副词
1.Oneofthe(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher,MsChen.(广州一模)
2.Iputthepaperasideandturnedtothe________one,atthetopofwhich…(深圳二模)
3.Manyotheractorsare____(badly)offthanmeatpresent,…(惠州一模)
4.In2006,o