第三方物流成本论文中英文对照资料外文翻译文献.docx

第三方物流成本论文中英文对照资料外文翻译文献.docx

《第三方物流成本论文中英文对照资料外文翻译文献.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《第三方物流成本论文中英文对照资料外文翻译文献.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

第三方物流成本论文中英文对照资料外文翻译文献

中英文对照资料外文翻译文献

TheapplicationofthirdpartylogisticstoimplementtheJust-In-Timesystemwithminimumcostunderaglobalenvironment

Abstract

TheintegrationoftheJust-In-Time（JIT）systemwithsupplychainmanagementhasbeenattractingmoreandmoreattentionrecently.WithintheprocessesoftheJITsystem,theupstreammanufacturerisrequiredtodeliverproductsusingsmallerdeliverylotsizes,atahigherdeliveryfrequency.Fortheupstreammanufacturerwhoadoptsseatransportationtodeliverproducts,acollaborativethirdpartylogistics（3PL）canactasaninterfacebetweentheupstreammanufacturerandthedownstreampartnersothattheproductscanbedeliveredgloballyatalowercosttomeettheJITneedsofthedownstreampartner.Inthisstudy,aquantitativeJITcostmodelassociatedwiththeapplicationofthirdpartylogisticsisdevelopedtoinvestigatetheoptimalproductionlotsizeanddeliverylotsizeattheminimumtotalcost.Finally,aTaiwaneseopticaldrivemanufacturerisusedasanillustrativecasestudytodemonstratethefeasibilityandrationalityofthemodel.

1.Introduction

Withtheglobalizationofbusinesses,theon-timedeliveryofproductsthroughthesupportofalogisticssystemhasbecomemoreandmoreimportant.Globalcorporationsmustconstantlyinvestigatetheirproductionsystems,distributionsystems,andlogisticsstrategiestoprovidethebestcustomerserviceatthelowestpossiblecost.

Goetschalckx,Vidal,andDogan（2002）statedthatlong-rangesurvivalforinternationalcorporationswillbeverydifficultwithoutahighlyoptimized,strategic,andtacticalgloballogisticsplan.Stadtler（2005）mentionsthattheactivitiesandprocessesshouldbecoordinatedalongasupplychaintocapturedecisionsinprocurement,transportation,productionanddistributionadequately,andmanyapplicationsofsupplychainmanagementcanbefoundintheliterature（e.g.HaandKrishnan,2008,LiandKuo,2008 and WangandSang,2005）.

Recently,thestudyoftheJust-In-Time（JIT）systemunderaglobalenvironmenthasattractedmoreattentioninthePersonalComputer（PC）relatedindustriesbecauseofthetendencytowardsverticaldisintegration.TheJITsystemcanbeimplementedtoachievenumerousgoalssuchascostreduction,lead-timereduction,qualityassurance,andrespectforhumanity（Monden,2002）.Owingtotheshortproductlifecycleofthepersonalcomputerindustry,downstreamcompaniesusuallyasktheirupstreamsupplierstoexecutetheJITsystem,sothatthebenefits,liketheriskreductionofpricelossincurredfrominventory,leadtimesreduction,on-timedelivery,deliveryreliability,qualityimprovement,andloweredcostcouldbeobtained（Shin,Collier,&Wilson,2000）.AccordingtotheJITpolicy,themanufacturermustdelivertherightamountofcomponents,attherighttime,andtotherightplace（Kim&Kim,2002）.ThedownstreamassemblerusuallyasksforhigherdeliveryfrequencyandsmallerdeliverylotsizessoastoreducehisinventorycostintheJITsystem（Kelle,khateeb,&Miller,2003）.However,largevolumeproductsareconveyedusingseatransportation,usinglargerdeliverylotsizestoreducetransportationcostduringtransnationaltransportation.Inthesecircumstances,corporationsoftenchoosespecializedserviceproviderstooutsourcetheirlogisticsactivitiesforproductivityachievementand/orserviceenhancements（LaLonde&Maltz,1992）.Thecollaborationofthirdpartylogistics（3PL）whichisgloballyconnectedtotheupstreammanufacturerandthedownstreamassemblerwillbeafeasiblealternativewhentheproductshavetobedeliveredtothedownstreamassemblerthroughtheJITsystem.Inthisstudy,theinteractionbetweenthemanufacturerandthe3PLwillbediscussedtofigureouttherelateddecisionssuchastheoptimalproductionlotsizeofthemanufacturerandthedeliverylotsizefromthemanufacturertothe3PL,basedonitscontributiontowardsobtainingtheminimumtotalcost.Inaddition,therelatedassumptionsandrestrictionsaredeliberatedaswellsothattheproposedmodelisimplementedsuccessfully.Finally,aTaiwanesePC-relatedcompanywhichpracticestheJITsystemunderaglobalenvironmentisusedtoillustratetheoptimalproductionlotsizeanddeliverylotsizeoftheproposedcostmodel.

2.Literaturereview

TheglobalizationofthenetworkeconomyhasresultedinawholenewperspectiveofthetraditionalJITsystemwiththefixedquantity-perioddeliverypolicy（Khan&Sarker,2002）.Thefixedquantity-perioddeliverypolicywithsmallerquantitiesandshorterperiodsissuitabletobeexecutedamongthosecompaniesthatareclosetoeachother.However,itwouldbehardforthemanufacturertoimplementtheJITsystemunderaglobalenvironment,especiallywhenitsproductsareconveyedbytransnationalseatransportationglobally.Therefore,manycorporationsaretryingtooutsourcetheirgloballogisticsactivitiesstrategicallyinordertoobtainthenumerousbenefitssuchascostreductionandserviceimprovement.HertzandAlfredsson（2003）havestatedthatthe3PL,whichinvolvesafirmactingasamiddlemannottakingtitletotheproducts,buttowhomlogisticsactivitiesareoutsourced,hasbeenplayingaveryimportantroleintheglobaldistributionnetwork.WangandSang（2005）alsomentionthata3PLfirmisaprofessionallogisticscompanyprofitingbytakingchargeofapartorthetotallogisticsinthesupplychainofafocalenterprise.3PLalsoconnectsthesuppliers,manufacturers,andthedistributorsinsupplychainsandprovidesubstancemovementand

logisticsinformationflow.Thecorecompetitiveadvantageofa3PLfirmcomesfromitsabilitytointegrateservicestohelpitscustomersoptimizetheirlogisticsmanagementstrategies,buildupandoperatetheirlogisticssystems,andevenmanagetheirwholedistributionsystems（Wang&Sang,2005）.

Zimmer（2001）statesthatproductiondependsdeeplyontheon-timedeliveryofcomponents,whichcandrasticallyreducebufferinventories,whenJITpurchasingisimplemented.WhenthemanufacturerhastocomplywiththeassemblerundertheJITsystem,theinventoriesofthemanufacturerwillbeincreasedtooffsetthereductionoftheassembler’sinventories（DavidandChaime,2003,KhanandSarker,2002 and SarkerandParija,1996）.

TheEconomicOrderQuantity（EOQ）modeliswidelyusedtocalculatetheoptimallotsizetoreducethetotalcost,whichiscomposedoforderingcost,setupcost,andinventoryholdingcostforrawmaterialsandmanufacturedproducts（DavidandChaime,2003,Kelleetal.,2003,KhanandSarker,2002 and SarkerandParija,1996）.However,someissuessuchastheintegrationofcollaborative3PLandtherestrictionsonthedeliverylotsizebyseatransportationarenotdiscussedfurtherintheirstudies.Fortheaboveinvolvedcosts,DavidandChaime（2003）furtherdiscussavendor–buyerrelationshiptoincludetwo-sidedtransportationcostsintheJITsystem.Koulamas,1995 and Otakeetal.,1999describethattheannualsetupcostisequaltotheindividualsetupcosttimesthetotalnumberofordersinayear.McCann,1996 and TyworthandZeng,1998bothstatethatthetransportationcostcanbeaffectedbyfreightrate,annualdemand,andtheproducts’weight.Comparedtotheabovestudieswhichassumethatthetransportationrateisconstantperunit,SwensethandGodfrey（2002）assumedthatthetransportationrateisconstantpershipment,whichwillresultineconomiesofscalefortransportation.Besides,McCann（1996）presentedthatthetotallogisticscostsarethesumoforderingcosts,holdingcosts,andtransportationcosts.ASyarif,Yun,andGen（2002）mentionthatthecostincurredfromadistributioncenterincludestransportationcostandoperationcost.Taniguchi,Noritake,Yamada,andIzumitani（1999）statesthatthecostsofpickup/deliveryandland-haultrucksshouldbeincludedinthecostofthedistributioncenteraswell.

ThenumerouscostsinvolvedwillbeformulatedindifferentwayswhenthemanufactureroperatestheJITsystemassociatedwithacollaborative3PLunderaglobalenvironment.KrengandWang（2005）presentedacostmodel,whichcanbeimplementedintheJITsystemunderaglobalenvironment,toinvestigatethemostappropriatemodeofproductdeliverystrategy.Theydiscussedtheadaptabilityofdifferenttransportationmeansfordifferentkindsofproducts.Inthisstudy,theimplementationofseatransportationfromthemanufacturertothe3PLproviderwillbeparticularized,andthecorrespondingcostmodelwillalsobepresentedtoobtaintheminimumtotalcost,theoptimalproductionlotsize,andtheoptimaldeliverylotsizefromthemanufacturertothe3PLprovider.Finally,aTaiwanesecompanyisusedforthecasestudytoillustrateandexplorethefeasibilityofthemodel.

3.TheformulationofaJITcostmodelassociatedwiththe3PL

BeforedevelopingtheJITcostmodel,thesymbolsandnotationsusedthroughoutthisstudyaredefinedbelow:

B3PL’spickupcostperunitproduct（amountperunit）

Cj3PL’scostofthejthtransportationcontainertype,wherej = 1,2,3,…,n（amountperyear）

DPannualdemandrateoftheproduct（unitsperyear）

Drannualdemandofrawmaterials（unitsperyear）

Dcustomers’demandataspecificinterval（unitspershipment）

Eannualinventoryholdingcostof3PL（amountperyear）

Ftransportationcostofthejthtransportationcontainertypefromthemanufacturertothe3PL,wherej = 1,2,3, … , n（amountperlot）

Ffreightratefromthe3PLprovidertotheassembler（amountperkilogram）

Hpinventoryholdingcostofaunitoftheproduct（amountperyear）

Hrinventoryholdingcostofrawmaterialsperunit（amountperyear）

Ij