高考英语阅读理解经典压轴题及答案.docx

高考英语阅读理解经典压轴题及答案.docx

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高考英语阅读理解经典压轴题及答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Sincewe'veheadedintothesnowypartoftheyear,itseemslikeagoodtimetosolvealanguagepuzzlethatEskimoshaveahugenumberofwordsforsnow.Theideawaspopularizedbythenowwell-knownexpertBenjaminLeeWhorfinthe1940s.HisnumberwasapproximatelyfiveEskimowordsforsnow,butsomehowthestorywassowidespreadandromanticthatitgotoutofcontrolandgrewbiggerandbigger.

   TherearetwoproblemswiththeconceptofEskimoshavingtonsofwordsforsnow.

   First,Eskimosspeakatleasttwodifferentlanguages—InuitandYupik.JustaswehavetalkedabouthowEnglishandmanyotherlanguagesdevelopedfromacommonlanguagecalledProto-Indo-European,InuitandYupikcomefromadifferentcommonlanguagecalledEskimo-Aleut.SosayingEskimoshave100wordsforsnowislikesayingEuropeanshave100wordsforkingsorqueens.Itmightbetellingyousomethingbroadaboutculture,butitisn'treallytellingyoumuchaboutlanguage.

   Thesecondproblemis"Whatisaword?

”TheInuitandYupiklanguagesmakewordsindifferentwaysfromhowwemakewordsinEnglish.Forexample,theWestGreenlandicword'siku,'（seaice）,isusedastherootfor'sikursuit（packice）,'Sikuliaq（newice）,and'sikurluk（meltingice）.Butit'snotthatWestGreenlandichassomanymorewordsfordescribingsnowthanEnglish,it'sjustthatWestGreenlandicexpressesideasbycombiningmeaningfulunitsoflanguagetogetherintoonewordwhileEnglishusesmorephrasesandcompounds.Weexpressallthesameideas;wejustdoitalittledifferentlybecauseofthewayourlanguageisbuilt.

   Soyou'reprobablystillwondering,"Ifit'snot50or100or400words,howmanyisit?

"Well,Woodburylists15thatarepresentinaYupikdictionarypublishedin1984,buthesaysthatdependingonhowyoulookatitthisisnotanexactnumber.Itcouldbe12;itcouldbe24.Butit'scertainlynot100.

   Sometimes,the"hundredwordsforsnow"puzzleisusedtoarguethatbecauseEskimoshavesomanywordsforsnow,theythinkaboutsnowinwaysthatwecan'tevenbegintoimagine—thatyourlanguagedecidesorlimitsyourthoughts.Languagesarejustdifferent.Theydon'tdecidewhatweareabletothinkaboutorarenotabletothinkabout.Icanthinkaboutsnowfloatingonwaterevenifwedon'thaveawordforthatinEnglish.

   Sowhenyou'reoutskiingorsnowboardingorjustshovelingyourdrivewaythiswinter,don'tbelievethepeoplewhotrytotellyouthatEskimoshave100wordsforsnow.

（1）WhyareEskimosthoughttohavesomanywordsforsnow?

A. BecausesnowiseverywherewhereEskimoslive.

B. Becausethestoryaboutitgotenrichedandbelieved.

C. BecausesnowisofgreatimportancetoEskimos.

D. BecauseEskimoshavegreataffectionforsnow.

（2）Howdoesthewriterexplainthefirstproblem?

A. Bypresentingfigures.                                      

B. Bymakingcomparisons.

C. Byquotingsayings.                                          

D. Byadoptingidioms.

（3）TheexampleofthewestGreenlandicword'siku'showsthat    .

A. themakingofwordsvariesfromlanguagetolanguage

B. theInuitandYupiklanguageshavemorewordsforsnow

C. therichnessofwordsandphrasesleadstodifferentideas

D. morephrasesaboutsnowarefoundintheEnglishlanguage

（4）Whatconclusioncanwesafelydrawfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A. Eskimosbetterunderstandsnowthanotherpeople.

B. Languagesdeeplyinfluencepeople'sabilitytothink.

C. ThereisnopointcountingEskimo'sexpressionsforsnow.

D. Whatcomesintoourmindislimitedbyourlanguage.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了爱斯基摩人描述雪的词语虽然多但并非传言中的100多个。

出现这一想象的原因是1.爱斯基摩人本身就说两种语言，不同的语言就会有不同的描述。

2.词汇方面的融合也使得他们有很多能描述雪的词语。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“HisnumberwasapproximatelyfiveEskimowordsforsnow,butsomehowthestorywassowidespreadandromanticthatitgotoutofcontrolandgrewbiggerandbigger.”可知，本身BenjaminLeeWhorf对于雪的词汇可能就只有5个，但是故事不断的传播，甚至带着浪漫主义气息，使得故事传播的越来越广泛，故事内容也越来越夸张。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“JustaswehavetalkedabouthowEnglishandmanyotherlanguagesdevelopedfromacommonlanguagecalledProto-Indo-European…”，作者将英语和从原始印欧语发展而来的其他语言进行了比较，由此可知采用了比较的方法。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”Weexpressallthesameideas;wejustdoitalittledifferentlybecauseofthewayourlanguageisbuilt.“以及第四段的例子中，不同语言、不同词汇表达的都是同一个意思，唯一不同的是语言构建方式的不同而已。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Languagesarejustdifferent.Theydon'tdecidewhatweareabletothinkaboutorarenotabletothinkabout.”语言都是不一样的，而且语言也决定不了我们能或不能想什么；以及最后一段中的“don'tbelievethepeoplewhotrytotellyouthatEskimoshave100wordsforsnow.”不用相信那些想要告诉你爱斯基摩人有100种描述雪的词汇，即不用在意究竟有多少词。

由此可知，词汇的多少并不影响思想，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Avideoofathree-year-oldgirlbeingkickedbyherownmotherduringaphotoshotwentviral（疯狂传播）onThursday,indicatingChina'sunderperformaneeinregulatingtheemergingchildmodelingindustry.

   Thegirl,knownasNiuNiu,wasphysicallyabusedbyhermotherinseveralvideos.ThevideoshaveannoyedChinesemediaandInternetusersalike.Manynetizensandscholarscallforlocalauthoritiestocarryoutfurtherinvestigationsintopossiblechildabuse.

   Inresponsetothepublicoutcry（强烈抗议）,NiuNiu'smotherissuedanapologyviaSinaWeiboonThursday,condemningaccusationsofabuse.Shenotedthatshewasmerelyguidingherdaughterforbettershotsandthegirliswelllookedafter.

   Despiteherapology,manyE-shopswhichusedNiuNiu'simagesforbrandpromotionhavecanceledtheircooperationwiththemother,whileover110well-knownchildgarmentshopsonTaobaohavesignedupforacampaigntoprovidebetterprotectionforchildmodels.

   "Itisnecessarytoadoptcomprehensivelawsandregulationstofurtherprotectthekids,preventingtheirparentsandcompaniesfromexploiting（利用）them,"FangZhiqing,alawyerandchildprotectionexpert,said.

   NiuNiuisnotalone.InZhili,asmalltowninZhejiangprovince,thousandsofchildrenfromacrossChinaaretakenherebytheirparentstoseizethechanceoffame.Withapopulationof450,000.Zhilihasover13,000manufacturersofchildclothing.In2017,thetownearnedover7billionyuanbysellingdothingforchildrenonline,thusprovidingopportunitiesforchildmodels.

   "China'scurrentadvertisementlawisn'tworkablewhenitcomestotheindustryofchildmodeling,asitlacksclearsupervisionmeasuresandclearlegalpunishment."Fangadded."Itisimportanttoissuenewlawswhichregulatechildmodeling."

（1）Whatcausedthepublicoutcry?

A. Videosshowinghowchildmodelswork.

B. ProblemsinChineseadvertisingindustry.

C. SeveralcasesofchildabuseinrecentChina.

D. Agirlbeingphysicallyabusedbyhermother.

（2）Whathappenedafterthepublicoutcry?

A. TaobaocanceledtheaccountofNiuNiu.

B. ThelocalpolicechargedNiuNiu'smother.

C. NiuNiu'smotheradmittedabusingherdaughter.

D. Shopsstoppedtheircooperationwiththemother.

（3）WhatprovidedchancesforChinesechildmodels?

A. Theappearanceofonlineshopping.             B. Thehugeonlinesalesofchildclothing.

C. Thefastdevelopmentofmanufacturing.      

D. Thechangeofparents'ideasaboutsuccess.

（4）WhichopinionmayFangZhiqingagreewith?

A. Chinashouldregulatechildmodeling.

B. TherearetoomanychildmodelsinChina.

C. NeweconomiclawsshouldbeissuedinChinch.

D. Chinascurrentadvertisementlawisn'tworkable.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）D

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了一个叫妞妞的儿童模特遭到了母亲的身体虐待引起了公众的强烈抗议以及人们对儿童模特行业的思考。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Thegirl,knownasNiuNiu,wasphysicallyabusedbyhermotherinseveralvideos.ThevideoshaveannoyedChinesemediaandInternetusersalike.”可知，视频中，一个叫妞妞的女孩遭到了母亲的身体虐待引起了公众的强烈抗议，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Despiteherapology,manyE-shopswhichusedNiuNiu'simagesforbrandpromotionhavecanceledtheircooperationwiththemother,”可知，在公众的强烈抗议之后，很多网店停止了与妞妞母亲的合作，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“In2017,thetownearnedover7billionyuanbysellingdothingforchildrenonline,thusprovidingopportunitiesforchildmodels.”可知，2017年，这个浙江的小镇通过在网上销售童装赚了70多亿元，这为儿童模特提供了机会，可知，童装在网上的巨大销量为中国的儿童模特提供了机会，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Itisimportanttoissuenewlawswhichregulatechildmodeling.”可推断，方志清会同意中国应颁布新的法律来规范儿童模特行业，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。

考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

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