阅读手译.docx

阅读手译.docx

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阅读手译

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（二）试题

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA:

Text1

●EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.

TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.

Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.

Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents；theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley’sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.

●ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic"legacy"isfailing.

TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.

PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.

Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.

Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun—upto2012—butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.

Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.

Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.

Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto"inspireageneration."ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.

●Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:

Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.

Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.

TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.

Thedualaimwasmixedup:

Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.

●Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally"grassroots",conceptascommunitysportsassociations.

Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods—makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.

Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas__________.

[A]gainedgreatpopularity

[B]createdmanyjobs

[C]strengthenedcommunityties

[D]becomeanofficialfestival

22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon’sOlympic"legacy"hasfailedto________.

[A]boostpopulationgrowth

[B]promotesportparticipation

[C]improvethecity’simage

[D]increasesporthoursinschools

23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit______.

[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents

[B]focusesonmasscompetition

[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism

[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers

24.Withregardtomasssport,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould________.

[A]organize"grassroots"sportsevents

[B]superviselocalsportsassociations

[C]increasefundsforsportsclubs

[D]investinpublicsportsfacilities

25.Theauthor’sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis______.

[A]tolerant[B]critical

[C]uncertain[D]sympathetic

Text2

●Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it’seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.

“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.

Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”

●Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.

Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.

Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.

Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

●Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice—itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.

Radeskycitesthe"stillfaceexperiment"devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.

Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback.

Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention."

Parentsdon’thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,"saysRadesky.

●Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids’useofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:

“It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem."

Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn’tlearningfromthescreendoesn’tmeanthere’snovaluetoit—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.

Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.

Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto______.

[A]simplifyroutinematters

[B]absorbuserattention

[C]betterinterpersonalrelations

[D]increaseworkefficiency

27.Radesky’sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers’useofdevices______.

[A]takesawaybabies’appetite

[B]distractschildren’sattention

[C]slowsdownbabies’verbaldevelopment

[D]reducesmother-childcommunication

28.Radesky’scitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”toshowthat_______.

[A]itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

[B]verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange

[C]childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents’mood

[D]parentsneedtorespondtochildren’semotionalneeds

29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto_______.

[A]protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

[B]teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

[C]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

[D]remainconcernedaboutkid’suseofscreens

30.AccordingtoTronick,kids’useofscreensmay_______.

[A]givetheirparentssomefreetime

[B]maketheirparentsmorecreative

[C]helpthemwiththeirhomework

[D]helpthembecomemoreattentive

Text3

●Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwithincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.

Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn’tit？

Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesn’tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisn’tacademic.

●Butwhilethismaybetrue,it’snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.

There’salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated“racetothefinishline,”whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrativecareer.

Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits—infact,itprobablyenhancesit.

●StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.

Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges—allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.

Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.

●Ifyou’renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.

AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.

Thisisn’tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.

It’snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.

AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.

Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylateron.

31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat______.

[A]theythinkitacademicallymisleading

[B]theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollege

[C]itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers

[D]itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses

32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattak