英语二模拟四测评卷钱静.docx

英语二模拟四测评卷钱静.docx

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英语二模拟四测评卷钱静

英语

（二）模拟测评（四）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.

Throughoutthe19thcenturyandintothe20th,citizensoftheUnitedStatesmaintainedabiasagainstbigcities.Mostlivedonfarmsandinsmalltownsandbelievedcitiestobecentersof1,crime,povertyandmoral2.Theirdistrustwascaused,3,byanationalideologythat4farmingthegreatestoccupationandruralliving5tourbanliving.Thisattitude6evenasthenumberofurbandwellersincreasedandcitiesbecameanessential7ofthenationallandscape.Gradually,economicrealityovercameideology.Thousands8theprecarious（不稳定的）lifeonthefarmformoresecureandbetterpayingjobsinthecity.Butwhenthesepeople9fromthecountryside,theycarriedtheirfearsandsuspicionswiththem.Thesenewurbanitiesalreadyconvincedthatcitieswere10withgreatproblems;eagerly11theprogressivereformsthatpromisedtobringorderoutofthe12ofthecity.

Oneofmanyreformscame13theareaofpublicutilities.Waterandseweragesystemswereusuallyoperatedby14governments,butthegasandelectricnetworkswereprivatelyowned.Reformersfearedthattheprivatelyownedutilitiescompanieswould15exorbitant（过度的）ratesfortheseessentialservicesand16themonlytofindwhocouldaffordthem.Somecityandstategovernmentsrespondedby17theutilitycompanies,butanumberofcitiesbegantosupplytheseservicesthemselves.18ofthesereformsarguedthatpublicownershipandregulationwould19widespreadaccesstotheseutilitiesandguaranteea20price.

1.[A]eruption[B]corruption[C]interruption[D]provocation

2.[A]disgrace[B]deterioration[C]dishonor[D]degradation

3.[A]byorigin[B]inpart[C]atall[D]atrandom

4.[A]proclaimed[B]exclaimed[C]claimed[D]reclaimed

5.[A]superb[B]super[C]exceptional[D]superior

6.[A]predominated[B]dominated[C]commanded[D]prevailed

7.[A]feature[B]peculiarity[C]quality[D]attribute

8.[A]deserted[B]departed[C]abolished[D]abandoned

9.[A]reallocated[B]migrated[C]replaced[D]substituted

10.[A]overwhelmed[B]overflowed[C]overtaken[D]preoccupied

11.[A]embraced[B]adopted[C]hugged[D]contained

12.[A]chaos[B]chores[C]chorus[D]outbreaks

13.[A]at[B]by[C]out[D]in

14.[A]public[B]municipal[C]republican[D]national

15.[A]charge[B]take[C]cost[D]spend

16.[A]distribute[B]deliver[C]transfer[D]transport

17.[A]degenerating[B]generating[C]regenerating[D]regulating

18.[A]Proponents[B]Opponents[C]Sponsors[D]Rivals

19.[A]secure[B]ensure[C]reassure[D]incur

20.[A]fair[B]just[C]square[D]objective

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

ManyAmericansharboragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdale,headofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheUniversityofMassachusettsAmherst,saysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieves,“thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere.”

Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.BruceAmes,chairmanofthebio-chemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides.Sayshe:

“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves,theyemploychemicalwarfare.”Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicals,thoughoccurringintinyamounts,proveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushroomsmightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives.DeclaresChristinaStark,anutritionistatCornellUniversity:

“We’vegotfarworsenaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made.”

Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogens,itdoesnottakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplewillwithstandthesmallamountsofcontaminantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwater,atleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink.

Tomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbetter,theGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandards,stiffenitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.Thefoodindustryshouldmodifysomelong-acceptedpracticesorturntolesshazardousalternatives.Perhapsmostimportant,consumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.Theproblemsthatneedtobetackledexistallalongthelong-supplychain,fromfieldstoprocessingplantstokitchens.

21.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheAmericans’viewabouttheirfood?

[A]Theyoverstatethegovernment’sinterferencewiththefoodindustry.

[B]Theyareoveroptimisticaboutthesafetyoftheirfood.

[C]Theyoverestimatethehazardsoftheirfood.

[D]Theyoverlooktherisksofthefoodtheyeat.

22.Theauthorconsidersitimpossibletoobtainno-riskfoodinthat___.

[A]nofoodisfreefrompollutionintheenvironment

[B]pesticidesarewidelyusedinagriculture

[C]manyvegetablescontaindangerousnaturalchemicals

[D]almostallfoodshaveadditives

23.Bysaying“theyemploychemicalswarfare”（Para.2）,BruceAmesmeans____.

[A]plantsproducecertainchemicalstocombatpestsanddiseases

[B]plantsabsorbusefulchemicalstopromotetheirgrowth

[C]farmersuseman-madechemicalstodissolvethenaturalchemicalsinplants

[D]farmersusechemicalstoprotectplantsagainstpestsanddiseases

24.Thereductionofthepossiblehazardsinfoodultimatelydependson____.

[A]thegovernment

[B]theprocessor

[C]theconsumer

[D]thegrower

25.Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstoconveyinthepassage?

[A]Eatinganddrinkinghavebecomemorehazardousthanbefore.

[B]Immediatemeasuresmustbetakentoimprovefoodproductionandprocessing.

[C]Healthfoodisnotadreaminmodernsociety.

[D]Thereisreasonforcautionbutnocauseforalarmwithregardtofoodconsumption.

Text2

Itisofficial:

theAmericanconsumer,forsolongthemainforcedrivingtheglobaleconomy,hascracked.FiguresreleasedonThursdayOctober30thshowedthatAmerica’seconomyshrankatanannualizedrateof0.3%inthethirdquarter.Thestorybehindthebreakdownwasafarsharperdeclineinconsumerspending,whichmakesuparoundtwo-thirdsofGDP.Itfellatanannualizedrateof3.1%,thefirstdeclinesince1991andthebiggestdropsince1980.Capitalspendingbyfirmsalsodropped,withhousebuildingstilltheweakestlink.

Spendinggrowthisunlikelytoresumesoon.EarlierintheweektheConferenceboard,aresearchfirm,saidthatitsindexofconsumerconfidencefelltoitslowestlevelsincethesurveybeganin1967.Thedropisalarmingbutnotsurprising.Americanconsumerscouldn’twithstandrepeatedblowstotheirfinancialwell-beingindefinitely.Householdwealthhasshriveled.Stock-marketsaredownbyaroundathirdsincethestartoftheyear.Housepricesin20bigcitiesfellinAugustatanannualrateof16.6%accordingtotheS&P/Case-Shillermeasure.Thecontinuedfallinpropertypriceshasleftalargeandgrowingfractionofhouseholdsunderwaterontheirhomeloans.

Theunemploymentratehasrisento6.1%andissettocontinueupwards.FordandGeneralMotors,aswellasWhirlpool,anappliancemanufacturer,areamongbigAmericanfirmsthathaveannouncedjobcutsrecently.EmploymentfiguresdueforreleaseonNovember7tharelikelytoshowthataroundanother175,000jobswerelostinOctober,pushingtheunemploymentrateupto6.3%,accordingtoasurveyofforecastsbyBloomberg.Fewerjobsmeanlostincomeandlessspending.

Duringpastrecessionscaresanyshortfallinincomefromjobsandinvestmentscouldbebridgedbyabankoverdraftorloan.Butcreditisnowscarce.Banks,fearfulfortheirownsurvival,arewillingtolendtoanyone（eveneachother）.Consumersarehardesthitbythedearthofcreditpartlybecausethevalueofthehomesusedassecurityforloanshasdepreciated.Unsecuredloansarehardertocomeby.Beforethecrisis,consumercredithadgrownbyaround5%ayear.IntheyeartoAugust,itfellby3.7%.Inanycaselostwealthislikelytoencourageconsumerstosaveharderandcurbspendingfurther.

Theupshotisthattheeconomy’sbackwardsstepinthelatestquarterislikelytofollowedbyanother,farbiggeroneastheyearends.EconomistsatMorganChasereconthatAmerica’sGDPwilldeclineatanannualizedrateof4%inthefourthquarterandfallagainby2%inthefirstthreemonthsof2009.Householdspendingissettofollowasimilarpattern.Afteralongunbrokenspellofspendinggrowth,consumersinAmericaarefinallyshoppedout.

26.ItcanbeinferredthatAmericanGDPwouldgoupif___.

[A]globaleconomyisrecovered

[B]consumerspendingrises

[C]servicesmakemoreprofit

[D]morehousescanbebuilt

27.Accordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrue?

[A]Consumerconfidencehasdeclinedsincethe1960s.

[B]Stock-marketshavedroppedtothe