List of contaminated cell lines.docx

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List of contaminated cell lines.docx

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List of contaminated cell lines.docx

Listofcontaminatedcelllines

FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Thisisalistof cellcultures whichhavebeencross-contaminatedandovergrownbyothercells.Aprojectiscurrentlyunderwaytoenumerateandrenamecontaminatedcelllinestoavoiderrorsinresearchcausedbymisattribution（Masters,2002）.Estimatesbasedonscreeningof leukemia-lymphoma celllinessuggestthatabout15%ofthesecelllinesarenotrepresentativeofwhattheyareusuallyassumedtobe（Drexler etal.,2002）.

Contaminatedcelllineshavebeenextensivelyusedinresearchwithoutknowledgeoftheirtruecharacter.Forexample,mostifnotallresearchonthe"endothelium"ECV-304orthe"megakaryocyte"DAMIcelllineshasinrealitybeenconductedon bladder carcinoma and erythroleukemia cells,respectively.Thus,allresearchonendothelium-ormegakaryocyte-specificfunctionsutilizingthesecelllineshasturnedouttobeworthless,exceptasawarningexample.

Therearetwoprincipalwaysacelllinecanbecomecontaminated:

cellculturesareoftenexchangedbetweenresearchgroups;if,duringhandling,asamplegetscontaminatedandthenpassedon,subsequentexchangesofcellswillleadtothecontaminatingpopulationbeingestablished,althoughpartsofthesupposedcelllinearestillgenuine.Moreseriousiscontaminationatthesource:

duringestablishmentoftheoriginalcellline,somecontaminatingcellsareaccidentallyintroducedintothecultures,wheretheyintimeoutgrowthedesiredcells.Theinitialtesting,inthiscase,stillsuggestedthatthecelllineisgenuineandnovel,butinreality,ithasdisappearedsoonafterbeingestablishedand all samplesofsuchcelllinesareactuallythecontaminantcells.Itrequireslengthyresearchtodeterminetheprecisepointwherecelllineshavebecomecontaminated.

Celllinesmarked Virtual inthetablebelowareknowninstancesofcontaminationatthesource;thesecelllineswentextinctorneverexisted.Caseswherenon-contaminatedlinesare knownorstronglysuspected toexistaremarked Extant

Contaminatedcelllinesshould never beusedforresearchdemandingthespecifictypeofcelllinetheyareassumedtobe,andmostofthemshouldideallybediscardedoratleastnotusedinresearchatall,exceptwhenthecontaminantcellshaveacquirednovelcharacteristics（e.g.,by mutation orviral transfection,forexampletheHeLaderivate Det98）andthusconstituteanovellineageafterall.

Ifindoubt,researchersshouldtestcelllinesforauthenticity;thereferenceslistedbelowcontainsomepapersonhowcommoncontaminantscanberecognized.ItisworthnotingthatthewidespreadcontaminationwithHeLacellswasinitiallyrecognizedby WalterNelson-Rees usingsimple Giemsa stain karyotyping undera lightmicroscope.ThistechniqueworkswellinrecognizingHeLabecausethesecellshavedistinctive chromosome aberrations.

Novelcelllinesshouldbeproliferatedanddistributedand/ordepositedatasafekeepinginstitutionsuchasthe ATCC assoonaspossibleafterestablishment,tominimizetheoddsthatthelinebecomesspoiledbycontamination.Itis goodpractice toperiodicallycheckcelllinesmaintainedunderlaboratoryconditions（i.e.,notplacedinlong-termstorage）forcontaminationwithHeLaorothercommoncontaminants,toensurethattheirqualityandintegrityismaintained.

Contents

[hide]

∙1 Listsofcontaminatedcelllines

o1.1 Contaminatedhumancelllines

o1.2 Contaminatednon-humancelllines

∙2 References

Listsofcontaminatedcelllines[edit]

Ifnospeciesisgivenintheindividualentries,thetable'sspeciesappliestoboththeassumedandtheactualcelltypes.

Thisisan incompletelist,whichmayneverbeabletosatisfyparticularstandardsforcompleteness.Youcanhelpby expandingit with reliablysourced entries.

Contaminatedhumancelllines[edit]

Supposedcellline

Extant?

Supposedcelltype

Realcellline

Realcelltype

Reference

207

Extant?

pre-Bcell leukemia

REHorCCRF-CEM

pre-Bcell or Tcell leukemia

MacLeod etal. （1999）

2474/90

Virtual

stomach carcinoma

HT-29

colon carcinoma

MacLeod etal. （1999）

2563,MAC-21

lung lymphoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees etal. （1981）

2957/90

Virtual

stomach carcinoma

HT-29

colon carcinoma

MacLeod etal. （1999）

3051/80

Virtual

stomach carcinoma

HT-29

colon carcinoma

MacLeod etal. （1999）

ADLC-5M2

Virtual

lung carcinoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

MacLeod etal. （1999）

AG-F

Virtual

Hodgkin'sdisease

CCRF-CEMvariant

Tcell leukemia

Drexler etal. （1999）

amnion

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

ARH-77

Extant?

plasmacell leukemia

unknown

Epstein-Barrvirus-transfected Bcelllymphoblastoid

Drexler etal. （1999）

AV3

amnion

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

BCC1/KMC

Virtual

basalcell carcinoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

MacLeod etal. （1999）

BE-13

Virtual

Tcell leukemia

PEER

Tcell leukemia

Drexler etal. （2003）

BJA-B

Extant

Burkitt'slymphoma

REH

pre-Bcell leukemia

Drexler etal. （2003）

BLIN-1,-1E8

Virtual

pre-Bcell leukemia

NALM-6

pre-Bcell leukemia

Drexler etal. （2003）

BM-1604

Virtual

prostate carcinoma

DU-145

prostate carcinoma

MacLeod etal. （1999）

BrCa5

breast carcinoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees etal. （1981）

BT-20

breast carcinoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees etal. （1981）

CaMa

breast carcinoma

unknown

Laboratorymouse/Goldenhamster cells

Nelson-Rees etal. （1981）

CaOV

ovarian carcinoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

CaVe

stomach carcinoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees etal. （1981）

Changliver

liver

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）; Lacroix （2008）

CHB

astrocytoma

unknown

Laboratoryrat glialcells?

Nelson-Rees etal. （1981）

CMP,CMPIIC2

intestinal adenocarcinoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

CO（COLE）

Virtual

Hodgkin'sdisease

CCRF-CEM

Tcell leukemia

Drexler etal. （1999）

COLO-818

melanoma

COLO-800

melanoma

MacLeod etal. （1999）

D18T

synovial cell

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

DAMI

Virtual

megakaryocytic

HEL

erythroleukemia

MacLeod etal. （1997a,b）

DAPT

pilocyticastrocytoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

Det6（Detroit6）

sternal marrow

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

Det30A（Detroit30A）

carcinoma ascites

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

Det98（Detroit98）,Det98/AG,

Det98/AH-2,Det98/AHR

sternal marrow

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

Virtual

malignanthistiocytosis

K-562

terminal CML

Drexler etal. （2003）

EB33

prostate

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

ECV-304

Virtual

normal endothelium

T-24

bladder carcinoma

Dirks etal. （1999）; Lacroix （2008）

Virtual

hairycellleukemia

Drexler etal. （2003）

ElCo

breast carcinoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

EPLC-65

Virtual

lung carcinoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

MacLeod etal. （1999）

EPLC3-2M1

Virtual

lung carcinoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

MacLeod etal. （1999）

ESP1

Sporadic Burkitt'slymphoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

EU-1

Virtual

pre-Bcell leukemia

REH

pre-Bcell leukemia

Drexler etal. （2003）

EU-7

Virtual

Tcell leukemia

CCRF-CEM

Tcell leukemia

Drexler etal. （2003）

EUE

fetal subcutis

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees etal. （1981）

EVLC2

transfected umbilicalveinendothelium

unknown

non-endothelial?

Unger etal. （2002）

F2-4E5

Virtual

thymus epithelium

SK-HEP-1

liver carcinoma

MacLeod etal. （1999）

F2-5B6

Virtual

thymus epithelium

SK-HEP-1

liver carcinoma

MacLeod etal. （1999）

F255A4

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees etal. （1981）

FL,FLA

amnion

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

FQ,RB,RY,SpR

Hodgkin'sdisease spleen

OMK-210

Three-stripednightmonkey kidney

Nelson-Rees etal. （1981）

G-11

breast carcinoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees etal. （1981）

GHE

Virtual

astrocytoma

T-24

bladder carcinoma

MacLeod etal. （1999）

Girardiheart

heart

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）; Lacroix （2008）

GM1312

myeloma

unknown

Epstein-Barrvirus-transfected Bcelllymphoblastoid

Drexler etal. （2003）

GM1500

myeloma

unknown

Epstein-Barrvirus-transfected Bcelllymphoblastoid

Drexler etal. （2003）

GREF-X

Virtual

liver myofibroblast

unknown

Laboratoryrat cellline

MacLeod etal. （1999）

HAEND

liver angiosarcoma

unknown

non-endothelial?

Unger etal. （2002）

HAG

Virtual

adenomatoid goitre

T-24

bladder carcinoma

MacLeod etal. （1999）

HBC

infiltratingductalcarcinoma

unknown

Rat cellline

Nelson-Rees etal. （1981）

HBT3,HBT-E,HBT-39b

breast carcinoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

HCE

cervical carcinoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

HEK

embryonic kidney

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

HEK/HRV

transfected embryonic kidney

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Nelson-Rees&Flandermeyer（1976）

HEL-R66

embryonic lung

unknown

Grivet cellline

Nelson-Rees etal. （1981）

HEp-2

larynx epidermoid carcinoma

HeLa

cervical adenocarcinoma

Chen（1988）; Lacroix （2008）

HIMEG-1

Extant?

CML

HL-60

myeloblastic leukemia

Drexler etal. （2003）

HKB-1

Virtual

Hodgkin'sdisease

unknown

Drexler etal.

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