老人与海硬汉形象分析.docx
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老人与海硬汉形象分析
AnAnalysisonCodeHero
IntheOldManandtheSea
AThesisPresentedtothe
FacultyofBinhaiSchoolofForeignAffairs
TianjinForeignStudiesUniversity
InPartialFulfillment
oftheRequirementsfortheDegree
BachelorofArts
by
YuAixin
May,2013
Contents
Abstract(inChinese)…........................................................................................I
Abstract(inEnglish)..........................................….............................................II
I.Introduction
1.1TheintroductiontoHemingway..................................................................................1
1.2TheintroductiontoTheOldManandtheSea............................................................3
II.Literaturereview.............................................................................................
III.ReflectionofSantiago’sCharacteristics
3.1Facingthefailureoptimistically.................................................................................5
3.2Strongwillinthelongfighting...................................................................................6
3.3Theconfidenceandcouragetoovercomedifficulties.................................................7
3.4Todefendthedignityofhumanbeing.........................................................................8
.AnalysisofSantiagoisaCodeHero
4.1TheformationofCodeHero...................................................................................10
4.2TypicalcharactersofCodeHero.............................................................................12
4.3TypicalbehaviorsofCodeHero..............................................................................12
.ThesignificanceofCodeHerotomodernsociety.........................................13
Conclusion……………………………….........................................................14
References…………………………………………….…..................................16
摘要
欧内斯特·海明威是美国著名的小说家之一。
《老人与海》是他众多作品中影响最深远的小说,1954年为他赢得了诺贝尔文学奖。
小说描写了老渔夫桑迪亚哥孤身一人出海捕鱼的故事。
经过两天两夜的生死搏斗,终于捕到了一条大马林鱼。
然而大马林鱼却遭到了鲨鱼的袭击,最后只剩下一付巨大的鱼骨架。
桑迪亚哥在巨大困难面前,所表现出得勇气和力量,以及履行使命时所体现的超人才智,无不说明他是一位英雄。
论文浅析了桑迪亚哥的特殊性格和行为,倡导顽强,坚韧,永不服输的精神。
通过对桑迪亚哥的分析,塑造了硬汉形象,深刻体会硬汉精神的现代意义。
关键词:
欧内斯特·海明威;《老人与海》;桑迪亚哥;硬汉
Abstract
ErnestHemingwayisoneofthemostfamousnovelistsinAmerica.TheOldManandtheSeaisthemostfar-reachingnovelinhisworks,andwonNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1954.Thenoveldescribesanoldfisherman,Santiago,setsouttoseaalone.Aftertwodaysandnights’struggle,hecatchesahugemarlinfinally.Butthecapturedmarlinislaterdestroyedbysharks,andleavesnothingbutthebonesofthefish.Santiago’scourageandstrengthinthefaceoftremendousobstacles,aswellaswisdomwithwhichheexecuteshistask,makehimahero.ThepaperwillanalyzethetypicalcharactersandbehaviorsofSantiago,advocatethespiritoffirmness,persistency,andnevergivingup.ThroughthecarefulstudyonSantiago’scharacters,reflectionontheimageofCodeHerowillbemade,moreover,thesignificanceofCodeHerotomodernsocietyisalsorevealed.
Keywords:
ErnestHemingway;TheOldManandtheSea;Santiago;CodeHero
I.Introduction
1.1TheintroductiontoHemingway
ErnestHemingway(1899-1961)wasborninOakPark,Illinois,aconservativeupper-middleclasssuburbofChicago.HewasoneofthemostfamousnovelistsinAmerica.Hisworkshaveanimportantinfluenceondevelopmentofotherwritings.Asaboyhelikedfootball,fishing,andhunting.Itisnecessarypartinhislifeasimportantashiswriting.Hewasthesonofadoctorandamusicteacher.Heportrayedhismiddle-classparentsratherharshlyfortheirvaluesandtheirmorality.
HebeganhiswritingcareerasareporterfortheKansasCityStar.Attheageofeighteen,heseveredasaRedCrossambulancedriverduringtheFirstWorldWar,andwassenttoItaly,wherehewasbadlyinjuredbyshrapnelandexperiencedatleasttwelveoperations.HerecoveredinhospitalofMilan,wherehefellinlovewithanurse,AgnesvonKurowsky.Later,HemingwaycreatedhisindividualexperienceinItalyintothegreatnovel,AFarewelltoArms.SomanycriticsgenerallyagreethatAFarewelltoArmsisHemingway’smostaccomplishednovel.
Hemingwayreturnedhomein1919,hisparentsdidn’tunderstandthepsychologicalpainhehadsufferedduringthewar,andpersuadedhimtofindajob.Hehaddifficultiesincopingwithhisparentsandhisfriends.TheshortnovelSoldier’sHomereflectsthisconflict.In1921,Hemingwaymarriedhisfirstwife,HadleyRichardson.ThenhemovedtoParisandwasinvolvedwithliteratureandartisticcircle.HemadevaluableconnectionwithagroupofAmericanandEnglishexpatriatewriterslikeF.ScottFitzgerald,EzraPound,andGertrudeStein.Asthejournalistandafamousauthor,hehadthehighreputation.WiththepublicationofTheSunAlsoRises(1962),whichdescribesthedisillusionmentforagenerationofyouthwhoseearlyadulthoodwasconsumedbytheFirstWorldWar,hewasknownastherepresentativeof“theLostGeneration.”
Hemingway’smarriagebegantofallapart,anddivorcedin1927.Hequicklymarriedthesecondwife,PaulinePfeiffer.Hemingway’sfather,ClarenceHemingway,committedsuicidein1928afterdevelopingserioushealthandfinancialproblems,andHemingwayengagedinanaffairwithawomanMarthaGelhornin1940.HemingwaybegantocovertheSpanishCivilWarforNorthAmericanNewspaperAlliancein1937.HisnovelForwhomBellTolls,basedonhisexperienceinSpain,waspublishedin1940.ThenovelForwhomBellTollsissuccessful,buthedidnotpublishanothernovelfortenyear.Meanwhile,heandGelhorndivorced,andthenmarriedMaryWelshaftertheSecondWorldWar.
Hiswritingbegantofizzlewithhisphysicalhealthdeclined.HemingwaydidenoughenergytowriteTheOldManandtheSea,whichisoneofthemostfamousworksofhim.AfamouswritereverpraisedTheOldManandtheSeaas“themostexcellentsimplearticleinthisgeneration.”HisnovelTheOldManandtheSeawaspublishedin1952,andwonNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1954.HemingwaywouldliketofocusontheimageofCodeHerowhofightswithtragicsurroundinglifeinhisnovels.TheOldManandtheSeaisthelastnovelinhislifetime.Thedescriptionof“CodeHero”alwaysappearsinhisworks.
Hemingwayhadfourmarriagesinhiswholelife.Heexperiencedmiserableandemotionalpainsothathisworkslackedthesenseofrealityaboutwomen.Later,hedidn’thavestrengthandcourageinfightingwiththeexistence.Hisheavydrinkingincreasedhishealthproblems.Hewasmoreandmoredepressedandlostconfidencetomeaninglessworld.Hecommittedsuicidein1961inKetchum,Idaho.
1.2TheintroductiontoTheOldManandtheSea
TheOldManandtheSeaisthestoryofanoldfishermanwhoundertakesafiercestrugglewithahugemarlin—thegreatestcatchinlife.Inaperiodoftime,Santiagohassetouttoseaaloneandreturnedwithoutafishforeighty-fourdays.Atthebeginning,aboycalledManolinsetsouttogetherwithSantiago.LaterhisparentsforcetheboytoleaveSantiagoinordertofishinamoreprosperousboat.Oneighty-fifthdaysofhisunluckystream,thegreatestmarlinwhichSantiagohasneverseentakesthebaitinthewater.Becauseofthemarlin’sgreatsize,Santiagoisunabletopullthefishin,andthetwoareengagedinastruggle.Santiagofightsthehugemarlinwithhisrichfishingexperienceandskillsandendurespainfromthefishingline.
Aftertwodaysandtwonights’struggle,ultimatelythebigfishisattachedtotheboat.AsSantiagosailsonthewater,themarlin’sbloodleavesatrialinthewaterandattractssharks.Inordertopreventsharks’attack,Santiagodoeshisbest.AlthoughSantiagokillsseveralsharksbythetimenightfalls,hisstruggleagainstthescavengersisuseless.Theydevourthemarlin’spreciousmeat,leavingonlyskeleton,head,andtail.Santiagoarriveshomebeforedaybreakandsleepsverydeeply.HedreamshisusualdreamoflionsatplayonthebeachesofAfrica.
TheOldManandtheSeaendsonaratheroptimisticnote,anddescribesthedepthofSantiago’stragicfate.Santiago,arepresentativeofCodeHero,suffersterriblythroughoutTheOldManandtheSea.TheauthorportraysCodeHero’sgraceunderpressurethroughthestrugglewiththehugemarlinandsharks.Itcanbereadonmorethanonemeaning.Hemingwaydescribesthistechniqueasthe“icebergprinciple”,thesimplestwritingcanhintthegreatesthumantruths.Heachieveshiseffortbyrelyingonsymbolismstomanyreaders.ThesesymbolismsrevealHemingway’smoralidealthatglorydependsononeshouldhavethepridetoseeastrugglethroughtotheend,regardlessoftheoutcome.
Hemingwaybelievesdeathanddestructionareunavoidableinthenaturalorder.BecauseSantiagostrugglesagainsthugemarlinandsharks,thecreaturesofthesea;somereadersconsiderthetaleasman’sbattleagainstthenaturalworld,moreactually,astoryofman’splaceinnature.Nomattermanormarlinissubjecttothesamerule,theymustkillorbekilled.Thenovelsuggestsitisimpossibletoescapethenaturalstruggle.
ItprovesSantiago’stheimageofCodeHerothroughtheefforttostruggletheinevitablelaw.Santiago’scharactermotiveshimtochangethedestructiveforcesofnature,andenableshimtodefendhisdignifieddestiny.ThemostattractingwayisthatHemingwaycreatestheseimagestolinkSantiagotoChrist,whoexemplifiestranscendencebyturninglossintogain,defeatintotriumph,andevendeathintolife.Santiagochoosesendurance,andhisdeterminationisnearlyChrist-like