最新高考英语阅读理解社会文化解题技巧讲解及练习题含答案.docx

最新高考英语阅读理解社会文化解题技巧讲解及练习题含答案.docx

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最新高考英语阅读理解社会文化解题技巧讲解及练习题含答案

最新高考英语阅读理解（社会文化）解题技巧讲解及练习题（含答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类

1．阅读理解

   TherearelotsofwaystoeducateyourselfontheInternet.Youcanfindphotos,documents,andfilmsonalmostanytopicyoucanimagine.Andat,youcanaccesslecturesbyartists,scholars,designers,techniciansandothers.

   TEDbeganin1984asaconferencethatbroughttogetherindividualsfromthefieldsoftechnology,entertainmentanddesign.Itwasintendedtobeaone-timeeventfocusingontechnologyanddesign.Theeventendeduplosingmoney,anditwassixyearsbeforethefounderstrieditagain.Thistimeitworked,andsince1990,theTEDconferencehasbeenanannualevent.Therearenowtwoheldeveryyear,withtopicsasdiverseasmusic,medicine,andmoney.Otherspecializedspin-offconferencesaddressnarrowerissues.

   TheTEDwebsitecamefromadesiretosharetheconferenceswiththeworld,to"offerfreeknowledgefromtheworld'smostinspiredthinkers,"asthewebsiteputsit.ThecurrentversionofthesitewaslaunchedinApril2007,andcontainsvideosoftalksgivenattheTEDconferencesaroundtheworld.Thetalksaretranscribedintohundredsoflanguages.

   TheTEDwebsiteisownedbytheSaplingFoundation,anonprofitdevotedtofosteringthespreadofgreatideas.TheSaplingfoundationacquiredTEDin2001.Sincethen,ithasbeenfocusingonusingTEDtobroadcastideasthatmightchangetheworld.

   TED,ofcourse,isn'timmunetocriticism.It'sbeencalledelitist（精英）foritshighticketprices（morethan6,000dollarstotal）.It'sbeenaccusedbyafewpeopleofcensorshipfornotpublishingtheirtalks.Onecontroversialspeakerwasupsetaboutbeingcriticizedbytheconference'shostafterward.

   Thecomplaints,however,seemtoberelativelyfewforsuchalarge,long-runningorganization.AndaccusationsofelitismringhollowwhensomuchisgivenawayforfreeonTED'swebsite.Whateveritsfailings,TEDisasourceofinspirationalinformationforthosewhoseekitout.

（1）Whatisthemaintopicofthearticle?

A.ThecaseagainstTED

B.What'sonTEDtoday.

C.Prosandconsof.

D.WhatisTED

（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.TheTEDconferencecameafterthesuccessof.

B.TwoTEDconferencesarenowheldeveryyear.

C.TEDtalksareavailableinmanylanguages.

D.TheSaplingFoundationowns.

（3）Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,wecaninferthat________.

A.itisacceptedtoallinvolvedthatsomeTEDtalksmightnotbepublished

B.thehostoftheconferenceisonewhoplaysasupportiveroletothespeakers

C.TEDiscriticizedforgivingspecialtreatmenttothewealthyorpowerful

D.thenegativecommentsonTEDgreatlyaffectsitsreputation

（4）Thisauthorprobablybelievesthat________.

A.TEDiselitist

B.TEDisbeneficial

C.TEDisn'timportant

D.TEDisthebestwebsite

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了TED以及它的历史发展。

（1）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Andat,youcanaccesslecturesbyartists,scholars,designers,techniciansandothers.”在，你可以访问艺术家、学者、设计师、技术人员和其他人的演讲。

以及以下几个段落的内容，可知这篇文章的主题是“TED是什么”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“TheTEDwebsitecamefromadesiretosharetheconferenceswiththeworld,to‘offerfreeknowledgefromtheworld'smostinspiredthinkers,’asthewebsiteputsit.”TED网站源于一种与世界分享会议的愿望，用网站的话说，就是“向世界上最有灵感的思想家们提供免费的知识”。

可知，“TED大会是在网站成功之后召开的”这种表述错误，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“TED,ofcourse,isn'timmunetocriticism.It'sbeencalledelitist（精英）foritshighticketprices.”当然，TED也免不了受到批评。

它因其高昂的票价被称为精英主义；以及最后一段中的“AndaccusationsofelitismringhollowwhensomuchisgivenawayforfreeonTED'swebsite.”而当这么多东西在泰德的网站上免费赠送时，精英主义的指责就显得空洞了。

可推断出，TED因给予富人或有权势的人特殊待遇而受到批评，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Whateveritsfailings,TEDisasourceofinspirationalinformationforthosewhoseekitout.”不管它的缺点是什么，TED都是那些寻找它的人鼓舞人心的信息来源。

可推断出，这位作者可能认为TED是有益的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   Althoughnotasmuchasinthepast,grandparentsaretheteachersoftheNavajo（纳瓦霍人）youth.Theymakeyoungpeopleawareoflifeatanearlyage.Theparentsgrantthemtheprivilegeofteachingthechildren,andthegrandparentstakegreatprideinraisingthechildrenoratleasthavingabigpartinraisingthem.

   Youngchildrenoftenstaywiththeirgrandparentsforyearsatatimedevelopingacloseandtrustingrelationship.ThegrandparentsteachthechildrenNavajolegendsandtheprincipleoflife,emphasizingbothnewculturetrendsandthepreservationoftraditions.

   Thegrandparentsarealsooftentheleadingfiguresinteachingtheyouththeartsofweaving,caringforthelivestock,usingherbalmedicine,andotherartsandcrafts.

   Thechildrenaretaughttorespecttheirelders,tocareforthem,tohelpthemwhenevertheyareinneed,andtolearnfromthem.Youngpeopleareurgedtolistenwithcaretothewordsoftheireldersandtokeepasmuchwisdomaspossible.Grandparentsoftengotosocialgatheringsandtraditionalevents,andtheyounghaveopportunitiestolearnmoreabouttheircultureandtraditions.

   Ilivewithmygrandmotherforthirteenyears,andsheraisedmeintheoldwaysofourpeople.AlthoughIwasgoingtoschool,shetaughtmeasmuchasshecouldaboutourtraditions.Shewasabeautifulwoman.IfIhadachance,Iwouldlistenagaintoherwiseteachings,expressedwithkindnessinasoftvoicethattouchedmyheart.

   Weusedtoplantcornandpumpkineverysummer.Theynevergrewbigenoughtofeedus,butweplantedthemanyway.Iaskedmygrandmotherwhy.Shesaid,"Grandson,ourplantswillbefarmorebeautifulthantheflowersoutsidethefence."IdidnotunderstanduntilonedayIsawtheirbeautyasIwascomingoverthehillwithher.Shesaid,"Anythingthatisapartofyouisalwaysfarmorebeautifulthanthethingswhichyoupassby."Wehadsomebeautifulyearstogether.IamgladsheisapartofmeandIamapartofher.

   Childrenusedtobewelldisciplined,possessingmorerespectforculture,tradition,andbeliefsthantheydonow.TheworldoftheNavajohasbeeninfluencedbythewesternworld,andthegrandparentshavelesscontrolandinfluencethantheyusedto.Buttheyoungpeoplewhohavebeentouchedbytheirteachingshaveglimpsedawayoflifebeyondwhatmostpeopleknowtoday.

（1）WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?

A. Parentshatetotakethetroubletoraisechildren.

B. SchoolsarenotverypopularwiththeNavajoyouth.

C. Grandparentsareusuallyunwillingtoteachtheirgrandchildren.

D. Childrenlearnaboutthemeaningoflifefromtheirgrandchildren.

（2）Whydidtheauthor'sgrandmotherplantcornandpumpkin?

A. Becauseshehatedwildflowers.

B. Becausesheneededtofeedherfamily.

C. Becauseshetriedtomakeherfencemorebeautiful.

D. Becauseshewantedhergrandsontolearnalifelesson.

（3）What'stheauthor'sopinionaccordingtothepassage?

A. Grandparentsarethesourceoftraditionalculture.

B. Hisgrandmother'steachingcouldreplaceschooling.

C. ThewesternworldishardlyinfluencedbytheNavajos.

D. Itisimpossibletogetgrandparentsinvolvedinteachingagain.

（4）What'sthepurposeofthearticle?

A. Tohonortheauthor'sgrandmother.

B. TosharewithreadersaNavajoculture.

C. ToemphasizethegreatnessofNavajo.

D. TointroducethedevelopmentofNavajotribes.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了纳瓦霍人的一种文化：

由祖父母来教育孙子辈，让他们学到生活中的道理。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的"grandparentsaretheteachersoftheNavajo（纳瓦霍人）youth.Theymakeyoungpeopleawareoflifeatanearlyage."可知，祖父母们是年轻人的老师，使年轻人在很小的时候就认识生活。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第六段中的"Grandson,ourplantswillbefarmorebeautifulthantheflowersoutsidethefence."以及"Anythingthatisapartofyouisalwaysfarmorebeautifulthanthethingswhichyoupassby."可知，祖母种植玉米和南瓜是为了让作者明白一个生活的道理：

任何属于你的东西，总是比你路过的东西更美。

从而推断出祖母是想让她的孙子学到人生的一课。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

第一段提出“纳瓦霍人的孙子辈主要由祖父母来教育，他们在抚养孩子方面起了很大的作用”，接着对此进行了详细的介绍。

最后一段“那些被他们的祖父母教导所感动的年轻人，已经发找到了一种大多数人今天所不知道的生活方式”。

由此可推断出本文主要介绍了纳瓦霍人的一种文化：

由祖父母们教育孙子辈，让他们认识生活，学到其中的道理。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段中的"grandparentsaretheteachersoftheNavajo（纳瓦霍人）youth.Theymakeyoungpeopleawareoflifeatanearlyage."纳瓦霍人的祖父母们成为年轻一代人的老师，在教育孙子辈起着重要的作用。

是主旨句，接着下文较为详细地介绍了纳瓦霍人的这种文化。

由此可推断出作者是与读者分享一种纳瓦霍人的文化。

由选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

   It'snotunusualtoseeanunreasonablechildlyingonthegrounddrumminghisheels.Besidehimisadesperatemotheryellingatthetopofherlungs.Raisingawell-behavedkidisreallyahead-scratchingthing.

   Ifyoutookalltheparentingstylesaroundtheworldandrankedthembytheirgentleness,theInuit（因纽特人）approachwouldcertainlyranknearthetop.Allthemomsmentiononegoldenrole:

Don'tshoutoryellatsmallchildren.Inuit'sno-yellingpolicyistheircentralcomponenttoraisingcool-headedkids.Thecultureviewsscolding,orevenspeakingtochildreninallangryvoice,asinappropriate,althoughlittlekidsarepushingparents'buttons.

   Playful"storytelling"isanothertricktosculptingkids'behavior.Butthisstorytellingdiffershugelyfromthosefairytalesfullofmorallessons.Parents"retell"whathappenedwhenaboythrewatantrum（发脾气）bywayofwhatShakespearewouldunderstandalltoowell:

puttingona"drama".Afterthechildhascalmeddown,theparentswillreviewwhathappenedwhenthechildmisbehaved,usuallystartingwithaquestion:

"Canyoushowushowtothrowatantrum?

"Thenthechildhastothinkwhatheshoulddo.Ifhetakesthebaitandperformstheaction,themomwillaskafollow-upquestionwi