《老虎》的修辞赏析a stylistic analysis of the tiger.docx

《老虎》的修辞赏析a stylistic analysis of the tiger.docx

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《老虎》的修辞赏析astylisticanalysisofthetiger

英语文体学课程论文

论文标题：

AStylistic（rhetorical）AnalysisofTheTiger

成绩：

专业班级：

学号：

学生姓名：

任课教师：

完成时间：

2014年1月4日

WilliamBlake（1757-1827）

Tiger！

Tiger！

Burningbright   老虎！

老虎！

光焰闪耀，

Intheforestsofthenight， 在黑夜的丛林中熊熊燃烧，

Whatimmortalhandoreye什么样的不朽之手和眼

Couldframethyfearfulsymmetry？

造成你那可怕的匀称外貌？

Inwhatdistantdeepsorskies   你眼中的烈火熊熊

Burntthefireofthineeyes？

  来自多远的深处或高空？

Onwhatwingsdareheaspire？

他凭什么翅膀敢飞到九天？

Whatthehanddareseizethefire？

什么样的手敢去抓这火焰？

Andwhatshoulder,andwhatart，什么样的臂力，什么样的技艺

Couldtwistthesinewsofthyheart？

   才能拧成你那心脏的腱肌？

Andwhenthyheartbegantobeat，  什么样的手，什么样的脚，

Whatdreadhand？

Andwhatdreadfeet？

才使得你的心脏开始弹跳？

Whatthehammer？

Whatthechain?

用什么样的锤子？

什么样的链条？

Inwhatfurnacewasthybrain？

在什么样的炉里炼成了你的大脑？

Whattheanvil?

Whatdreadgrasp在什么样的铁砧上？

用什么样的臂力

 Dareitsdeadlyterrorsclasp？

敢抓住这可以致命的可怕东西？

Whenthestarsthrewdowntheirspears，  当星星投下他们的矛枪，

Andwateredheavenwiththeirtears，用他们的泪水浇灌穹苍，

Didhesmilehisworktosee？

他见到自己的作品时可微笑？

DidhewhomadetheLambmakethee？

难道是他造了你也造了羊羔？

Tiger！

Tiger！

Burningbright老虎！

老虎！

光焰闪耀，

 Intheforestsofthenight， 在黑夜的丛林中熊熊燃烧，

 Whatimmortalhandoreye，什么样的不朽之手和眼

Dareframethyfearfulsymmetry？

造成你那可怕的匀称外貌？

Contents

AbstractinEnglish..............................................................Ⅰ

ChapterⅠIntroduction........................................................1

1.1BriefIntroductionoftheAuthor—Williamblake................1

1.2TheWritingBackgroundofTheTiger...................................2

ChapterⅡTheStylisticFeatureofthepoem’sRhythm

2.1Meter.................................................................................................3

2.2Rhyme..............................................................................................4

2.3Anaphora.............................................................................5

ChapterⅢTheStylisticFeatureofthePoem’sRhetoric

3.1Symbolism..........................................................................6

3.2Allusion..............................................................................8

ChapterⅣ

4.1Conclusion...................................................................................9

Reference.................................................................................10

AbstractinEnglish

TheTiger,WilliamBlake’spoem,waspublishedinacollectionofpoems:

SongsofExperiencein1794.LiterarycriticAlfredKazincallsit"themostfamousofhispoems,"andTheCambridgeCompaniontoWilliamBlakesaysitis"themostanthologizedpoeminEnglish."ItisoneofBlake'smostreinterpretedandarrangedworks.Inthethesis,Iwillattempttomakeastylisticanalysisofthispoem;theanalyseswillfocusonthepoem’srhythmandrhetoric.Theaimistoletreadersunderstandthedistinctivefeaturesandinnermeaningofthispoem,atthesametime,understandthepoet’semotiononthispoem.

KeyWords:

WilliamBlakeTheTigerstylistic

ChapterⅠIntroduction

1.1BriefIntroductionoftheAuthor—WilliamBlake

WilliamBlakeisatransitionalfigurethatmarkstheendofthe18thcenturyandthebeginningofthe19thcenturyinliterature.Hetriestoshowtheromanticideasbuttheformheusedisconventional,closetothe18thcentury.Andofalltheromanticpoetsoftheeighteenthcentury,WilliamBlakeisthemostindependentandthemostoriginalpoet.Blake'searlyworkwaswritteninaclassicalstyle.LaterheusedtheromanticstylemadepopularbyWordsworthandColeridge.

BlakewasborninLondonandeducatedatHenryParsDrawingSchool.Afterbecomingestablishedasagraphicdesigneranddrawingtutor,heopenedaprintshopinLondonin1784.HelivedinSussexfrom1800to1803,duringwhichtimehewaschargedwithhightreasonbutacquitted.HereturnedtoLondonandstagedaratherunsuccessfulshowofhisartisticworkin1809,afterwhichhewentintoobscurityandbecameamystic.

AsasupporteroftheFrenchRevolution,heopenlycriticizedthesocialevilsthathelinkedwiththeIndustrialRevolution.Hisworkisusuallyseeninthecontextofhissocial,politicalandreligiousbeliefs.Hewasnotreallyunderstoodbyhispeers,buttwentieth-centuryreadersappreciatethegreatnessheachievedinhisvariedfieldsofinterest.

1.2TheWritingBackgroundofTheTiger

TheSongsofExperiencewaspublishedin1794.Atthattime,theFrenchRevolutionandtheAmericanWarofIndependencebrokenout.ForBlack,anunderprivilegedcraftsmanlivedinLondon.Whichhadbeeninternalizedintogreatspiritualevent,notjustingenerallyfavor,butwarmlysupport.Anditinspiredhimtobattlebravelyinhisheartforthenewworldasaprophecyofhisimminent.TheTigeriswritteninsuchabackgroundandexpressesastrongdesireforrevolutionaryfeelings.Blakeputsviolentrevolutionasagreatspiritualpowerthatcandestroyanoldworldwhichrepressesandimprisonspeople,andtheworldcantransformthehumansoulinordertoestablishanearthlykingdom.

ChapterⅡTheStylisticFeatureofthepoem’sRhythm

2.1Meter

Meteristhebasicstructurewithafootinwesternpoetryverserhythm.Therearefourcommons:

iambic,trochaic,andanapesticiambicanddactylic.Alineofpoetrycanbedividedintoseveralgroups’feet.Agroupfootusuallyobeysthefollowingforms:

iamb/iambic,trochee/trochaic,dactyl/dactylic,anapest/anapestic,spondee/pyrrhic.Andtheycanbemixedwiththeuse.WhenneedtodividetheEnglishpoetryfoot,weusuallymarkwithatonetoexpressitsstrongorweak.

Inthispoem,WilliamBlakeadoptsthetrochaictetrameterinthewholepoemsoastoimitatethesoundinaforgeandsetthedignifiedandstatelytoneforthewholepoem:

/ˇ/ˇ/ˇ/

Tiger!

|Tiger!

|Burning|Bright

Bydeliberatelymakingthestresssoundsfallintothemoreimportantwords,Blakeexpressesthepowerandstrengthofthetiger,andaddstothemusicalbeautywhenreadingit.

TheTiger,beginningwithplosive,abrupt,rapidinthefirstsentence,istrochaictetrameterstep.Thisisthebasicmetricalrhythmofthepoem.Suchaheavytone（╱）andalighttone（∨）areinlinewiththerhythmproducedbythehammerblacksmithwavesandbeatsstruggleontheanvil.So,itisformedananvilmusic.Thisrhythm,swirlinginthepoem,fitsthescenesofcastingtigerandperfectlyloads“forgingtiger”inthiscontent.Thepoemattheendofstep7syllablesfoursyllablestrochaiclineeliminatestheneedforalightsyllable,whichaddstotheintensityofthesoundfourthstep.Thatmakesthereaderscannotstopandhurrilyturndownwardandfeelthecastwhocannotwaitbeginsanewroundofpercussion.Thepoemtigerisinsyllablessteptrochaictoneandinterspersesamongsomeofdeclension.Forexamplethefirst4、10、11、18、20、24lines,eachlinehaseightsyllablesandbasicallycanbedividedintofoursyllablesiambictetrameter.Thesixthverserepeatsthefirstverseonthecontentsexceptingonword（dareVScould）.Butitexpressesthesublimationonthepoet’sadmirationforTheTiger.Ontherhythm,thesixthstanzaandthefirststanzaversearecompletelyidentical:

loopbackandforth,resonance,endtoendconvergence,andthatformsanon-porousintegral,thethemeofTheTigerimageryperformsindestructibleandcatharticthoroughly.

2.2Rhyme

Rhymeisanimportantelementofmusicalbeautyofpoetryandisanimportantmeanstomakerhymingwordssorichinmusicalassociation.

Alliterationandassonancecantripstringofwordsinpoetry;endrhymecanbeconnectedtothelineintoarticles.Rhymecanmakepoembecomeanorganicwholebyresonantvoiceresonates.Alliterationismadebyplosive;endrhymeandassonanceareconsistedbyloudvowelanddiphthongsinTheTiger.Thismakesthepoemharmonycompact,contextsimilarities.Plosiveinthispoemlookslikepercussionunderthehammer.Loudvowelislikeanexplosivecrywhentheblacksmithisstrugglingtobuild.Thisextraordinaryforcecreatesthattigerhas“fearfulsymmetry”,“thefireofthyeyes”,“thesinewsofthyheart”，“Inwhatfurnacewasthybrain?

”wherethisisbynomeansmadethefleshbody,anditsdivinitymakesusawesome.

Thealliterationofthepoem,TheTiger，playsanimportantroleinsoundandthetheme.Forexample,thefirstverse“Tiger！

Tiger！

Burningbright”,thefifthverse“distantdeeps”andtheeleventhverse“begantobeat”helpcreateasing-songrhythm,amongwhichmanystopssuchas/b//d//t//p/areusedtoimitatethesoundofthehammer,thuswhichpaintavividimageinfrontofthereaderofthemakingthetiger,alsogivethemahintofthedestructiveforceofthebeast.Everytwoverseshavethesameendrhyme（bright/night,eye/symmetry,skies/eyes）andmostoftherhymesaremasculinerhymes“bright/night,art/heart,see/thee”,whichstrengthentheimageofthetigerwithanoverwhelmingmomentum.

2.3Anaphora

Anaphoraistheoldestandthemostpracticalmeansofwritingpoems.Intermsofitsclassificationwhateverisfromwhatkindofangle,thefunctionandroleoftherepetitionisthesame:

renderingthefeelings,heightentheatmosphere;formthemelodiousrhythm;strengthentherepeatedpartsmeaning;modificatetheverse.Anaphoraisusedforthesubjectdiscussed“tiger!

Tiger！

”andalsothefirststanzaandthelastoneareidenticalsothatreaderscanfeelthepowerofthebeastfromtheverybeginning.Ontheonehand,theanaphoraexpressesthepoet’semotionandresonatereadersfeelings,ontheotherhand,itcanhighlightenthetheme---supporttheFrenchRevolution,praisetheviolentrevolutionaryforces.