新世纪英语专业综合教程unit8课后答案lecturenotes解析.docx

新世纪英语专业综合教程unit8课后答案lecturenotes解析.docx

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新世纪英语专业综合教程unit8课后答案lecturenotes解析

Unit8FocusonGlobalWarming

SectionOnePre-readingActivities

Culturalinformation

1.Globalwarming

GlobalwarmingistheincreaseintheaveragetemperatureofEarth‘snear-surfaceairandoceanssincethemid-20thcenturyanditsprojectedcontinuation.Mostoftheobservedtemperatureincreasesincethemiddleofthe20thcenturywascausedbyincreasingconcentrationsofgreenhousegases,whichresultsfromhumanactivitysuchasfossilfuelburninganddeforestation.

Anincreaseinglobaltemperaturewillcausesealevelstoriseandwillchangetheamountandpatternofprecipitation,probablyincludingexpansionofsubtropicaldeserts.WarmingisexpectedtobestrongestintheArcticandwouldbeassociatedwithcontinuingretreatofglaciers,permafrostandseaice.Otherlikelyeffectsincludechangesinthefrequencyandintensityofextremeweatherevents,speciesextinctions,andchangesinagriculturalyields.

SectionTwoGlobalReading

ITextanalysis

1.Fromwhichperspectivesdoesthetextaddresstheissueofglobalwarming?

Thetextaddressestheissuefromthreeperspectives—thegeneralpublicconcern,itscausesandconsequences,andpracticalactionstotackletheproblem.

2.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwriting?

Toraisepeople’sconsciousnessofthepotentialdangersofglobalwarming,andtosuggest

someactionstocombatit.

IIStructuralanalysis

1.Dividethetextintopartsbycompletingthetable.

Paragraphs

Mainidea

1-2

Theauthortellsthereasonwhypeoplearenowincreasinglyconcernedaboutglobalwarming.

3-7

Theauthortracesthecausesofglobalwarminganddiscussestheconsequencesofit.

8-11

Theauthorputsforwardsomesuggestionsonwhatistobedone.

2.Figureoutthesub-ideasinthesecondpart.

1）thecausesoftherisingconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere（Paragraphs3and4）

2）theeffectofsuchconcentrationonclimatechange（Paragraphs5and6）

3）thepotentialthreatofglobalwarmingtohumanhealthandsurvival（Paragraph7）

SectionThreeDetailedReading

TextI

FocusonGlobalWarming

JohnWeier

1Twenty-fiveyearsagoifyoumadeatriptothelocallibraryandperusedtheperiodicalsectionforarticlesonglobalwarming,you’dprobablyhavecomeupwithonlyafewabstractsfromhardcoresciencejournalsormaybeablurbinsomeesotericgeopoliticalmagazine.AsanInternetsearchonglobalwarmingnowattests,thesubjecthasbecomeasrootedinourpublicconsciousnessasMadonna2ormicrowavecooking.1

2Perhapsallthisattentionisdeserved.Withthepossibleexceptionofanotherworldwar,giantasteroid,oranincurableplague,globalwarmingmaybethesinglelargestthreattoourplanet.2Fordecadeshumanfactoriesandcarshavespewedbillionsoftonsofgreenhousegasesintotheatmosphere,andtheclimatehasbeguntoshowsomesignsofwarming.Manyseethisasaharbingerofwhatistocome.3Ifwedon’tcurbourgreenhousegasemissions,thenlow-lyingnationscouldbeawashinseawater,rainanddroughtpatternsacrosstheworldcouldchange,hurricanescouldbecomemorefrequent,andElNinoscouldbecomemoreintense.

OurWarmingPlanet

3Whathasworriedmanypeoplenowisthatoverthepast250yearshumanshavebeenartificiallyraisingtheconcentrationofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Ourfactories,powerplants,andcarsburncoalandgasolineandspitoutaseeminglyendlessstreamofcarbondioxide.Weproducemillionsofpoundsofmethanebyallowingourtrashtodecomposeinlandfillsandbybreedinglargeherdsofmethane-belchingcattle.Nitrogen-basedfertilizers,whichweuseonnearlyallourcrops,releaseunnaturalamountsofnitrogenoxideintotheatmosphere.

4Oncethesecarbon-basedgreenhousegasesgetintotheatmosphere,theystaytherefordecadesorlonger.AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange（IPCC）sincetheindustrialrevolution,carbondioxidelevelshaveincreased31percentandmethanelevelshaveincreased151percent.Paleoclimatereadingstakenfromfossilrecordsshowthatthesegases,twoofthemostabundantgreenhousegases,areattheirhighestlevelsinthepast420,000years.ManyscientistsfearthattheincreasedconcentrationsofgreenhousegaseshavepreventedadditionalthermalradiationfromleavingtheEarth.Inessence,thesegasesaretrappingexcessheatintheEarth’satmosphereinmuchthesamewaythatawindshieldtrapssolarenergythatentersacar.4

5Muchoftheavailableclimatedataappeartobackthesefears.5TemperaturedatagatheredfrommanydifferentsourcesallacrosstheglobeshowthatthesurfacetemperatureoftheEarth,whichincludestheloweratmosphereandthesurfaceoftheocean,hasrisendramaticallyoverseveraldecades.Worldwidemeasurementsofsealevelshowariseof0.1to0.2metersoverthelastcentury.That’sanincreaseofroughly1℃every4,000years.Readingsgatheredfromglaciersrevealasteadyrecessionoftheworld’scontinentalglaciers.Takentogether,allofthesedatasuggestthatoverthelastcenturytheplanethasexperiencedthelargestincreaseinsurfacetemperaturein1,000years.

6Notsurprisingly,manyscientistsspeculatethatsuchchangesintheclimatewillprobablyresultinhotterdaysandfewercooldays.6AccordingtotheIPCC,landsurfaceareaswillincreaseintemperatureoverthesummermonthsmuchmorethantheocean.Themid-latitudetohigh-latituderegionsintheNorthernHemisphere—areassuchastheContinentalUnitedStates,Canada,andSiberia—willlikelywarmthemost.Theseregionscouldexceedmeanglobalwarmingbyasmuchas40percent.

7Asfarashumanhealthisconcerned,thosehithardestwillprobablyberesidentsofpoorercountriesthatdonothavethefundstofendagainstchangesinclimate.7Aslightincreaseinheatandraininequatorialregionswouldlikelysparkanincreaseinvector-bornediseasessuchasmalaria.Moreintenserainsandhurricanescouldcausemoreseverefloodingandmoredeathsincoastalregionsandalongriverbeds.Evenamoderateriseinsealevelcouldthreatenthecoastlinesoflow-lyingislandssuchastheMaldives.Allacrosstheglobe,hottersummerscouldleadtomorecasesofheatstrokeanddeathsamongthosewhoarevulnerable,suchasolderpeoplewithheartproblems.Thewarmertemperaturesmayalsoleadtohigherlevelsofnear-surfaceozonefromcarsandfactories,whichwouldlikelycausemoreperilousairqualitydaysandhospitaladmissionsforthosewithrespiratoryproblems.

TakingActions

8Fortunately,wecantakeactionstoslowdownglobalwarming.8Globalwarmingresultsprimarilyfromhumanactivitiesthatreleaseheat-trappinggasesandparticlesintotheair.Themostimportantcausesincludetheburningoffossilfuelssuchascoal,gas,andoil,anddeforestation.Toreducetheemissionofheat-trappinggaseslikecarbondioxide,methane,andnitrousoxides,wecancurbourconsumptionoffossilfuels,usetechnologiesthatreducetheamountofemissionswhereverpossible,andprotecttheforestsintheworld.

9Wecanalsodothingstomitigatetheimpactsofglobalwarmingandadapttothosemostlikelytooccur,9e.g.,throughcarefulplanningandotherstrategiesthatreduceourvulnerabilitytoglobalwarming.

10Butwecan’tstopthere.Wearealsoadvocatingpoliciesthatwillcombatglobalwarmingoverthelongterm,thingslikecleancarsthatrunonalternativefuels,environmentallyresponsiblerenewableenergytechnologies,andstoppingtheclear-cuttingofvaluableforests.

11Clearly,globalwarmingisahugeproblem.Itwilltakeeveryone—governments,industry,communitiesandindividualsworkingtogethertomakearealdifference.Fortunatelyyoucanbepartofthem.

Paragraphs1-2

Questions

1.Whyhavepeopleshownincreasingconcernaboutglobalwarming?

（Paragraph2）

Theanswerliesinthesecondparagraph:

itisaharbingerofwhatistocome—thethreattolow-lyingnations,changeofrainanddroughtpatterns,frequenthurricanesandintenseElNinos.

WordsandExpressions

1.perusevt.toreadthroughsomething,especiallyinordertofindthepartyouareinterestedin

e.g.Heopenedanewspaperandbegantoperusethepersonalads.

Derivation:

perusaln.

e.g.abriefperusal

Hesentacopyofthereporttothegovernorsfortheirperusal.

2.periodicaln.apublicationthatappearsatfixedintervals,esp.oneofaseriouskind

e.g.Shehaswrittenforseverallegalperiodicals.

Derivation:

periodn.

periodica.occurringorappearingat（esp.regular）intervals定期的，周期的

periodicallyad.

3.comeupwithtothinkofanidea,plan,reply,etc.

e.g.Noonehascomeupwithaconvincingexplanationofwhydinosaursdiedout.

Thescientistsarebeatingtheirbrainstryingtocomeupwithasolutiontotheproblem.

4.attestvt./vi.todemonstrate,todeclaretobetrue

e.g.Theluxuriousfurnishingsattestedtothefamily’swealth.

Theperfectionoftheirdesignisattestedbythefactthattheyhavesurvivedforthousandsofyears.

Collocation:

attest（to）sth.

Derivation:

attestationn.

5.consciousnessn.

1）theconditionofbeingawakeandunderstandingwhatishappening

e.g.Whenwillthepatientregainhisconsciousness?

Theblowcausedhimtoloseconsciousness.

2）alltheideas,thoughts,feelings,etc.ofapersonorpeople

e.g.Loveforfreedomrunsdeepinthenationalconsciousness.

Thisexperiencehelpedtochangehersocialconsciousness.

Collocation:

consciousnessofsth./that…awarenessofsth./that…

e.g.Herconsciousnessthatshe’sdifferentmakesherfeeluneasy.

regain/recoverconsciousness恢复意识，恢复知觉

loseconsciousness失去意识，失去知觉

Antonym:

unconsciousness

Comparison:

subconscious