音乐术语英文名称.docx
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音乐术语英文名称
vibration振动sound音tone音(乐音)musicaltone乐音noise噪音acoustics声学psychoacoustics心理声学frequency频率intensity强度time时间waveform波形pitch音高loudness响度duration时值timbre音色(tonecolororquality)
tuningfork音叉puretone纯音complextone复音(compositetone)overtone(s)泛音
即upperpartials)
(aliquottone,harmonics,flageolettoneovertoneseries泛音列partial(s)分音(partialtone)fundamental(tone)基音(firstpartial)
step音级(scalestep,degree)accidental(s)变音记号sharp升号
flat降号
double-sharp重升号double-flat重降号
nature还原号intonation音准octave八度
range音域(compass)
(voice)register
音区
smallc小字组cgreatC大字组CcontraC大字二组C
unaccentedoctave
小字组
one-linedoctave
小字一组(one-line)
two-linedoctave
小字二组(two-line)
three-linedoctave
小字三组(three-line)
four-lineoctave
小字四组(four-line)
temperament乐律
temperedscale平均律(equaltemperament)justintonation纯律
pitchname音名
enharmonicnotes
等音
(whole)tone全音half-tone半音
naturalhalf-tone
自然半音
naturaltone自然全音chromatictone变化全音
chromatichalf-tone
变化半音
notation记谱法
staff乐谱
trebleclef高音谱号bassclef低音谱号clef谱号(Gclef,Fclef,Cclef)note(s)音符rest(s)休止符breve二全音符semibreve全音符(wholenote,美)minim二分音符(halfnote,美)crotchet四分音符(quarternote,美)quaver八分音符(eighthnote,美)semiquaver十六分音符(sixteenthnote,美)demisemiquaver三十二分音符(thirty-secondnote,美)hemidemisemiquaver六十四分音符(sixty-fourthnote,美)
dot附点doubledot复附点dottednote附点音符dottedrest附点休止符score总谱
legerline(s)加线(ledgerline(s))head符头stem符干hook符尾(tail)space间line线tie延音线pause延长号(hold,fermata)bar小节(barline小节线,measure)
legato连音,连奏
staccato断音,断奏sostenuto持音trembolo震音glissando滑音relativepitch相对音高(听觉)
absolutepitch绝对音高(听觉)sight-singing视唱fixed-do固定唱名法movable-do音调唱名法lyra乐徽rhythm节奏
rhythmicpattern节奏型accent重音syncopation切分音meter拍子(time)duplemeter(s)二拍子(2/2,2/4,2/8)triplemeter(s)三拍子(3/2,3/4,3/8)quadruplemeter(s)四拍子(4/2,4/4,4/8)commonmeter普通拍子(4/4)simplemeter(s)单拍子compoundmeter(s)复拍子
compoundduplemeter(s)复二拍子(6/2,6/4,6/8)compoundtriplemeter(s)复三拍子(9/4,9/8)compoundquadruplemeter(s)复四拍子(12/4,12/8,12/16)quintuplemeter五拍子timesignature拍号
multi-meter变化拍子irregularmeter(不规则)混合拍子(7/4,11/7)Metronome节拍机(.=Malzel‘s~)duplet二连音triplet三连音quadruplet四连音quintuplet五连音sextuplet六连音septuplet七连音tempo速度dynamics力度tempomark(s)速度标记dynamicmark(s)力度标记mode调式(狭指教会调式;广指调式)scale音阶key调tonality调性atonality无调性bitonality双重调性polytonality多调性major大调minor小调keysignature调号pentatonic五声的natural自然的melodic旋律的harmonic和声的whole-tone全音的
chromatic半音的ascending上行descending下行scaledegree(调式)音级tonic(I)主音,主和弦supertonic(II)上主音,上主和弦mediant(III)中音,中音和弦subdominant(IV)下属音,下属和弦dominant(V)属音,属和弦submediant(VI)下中音,下中音和弦(super-dominant)leadingtone(VII)导音,导和弦(subtonic)brokenchord分解和弦alteredchord变和弦falsechord假和弦resolution解决relativekeys关系大小调parallelkeys同主音调interval音程melodicinterval旋律音程harmonicinterval和声音程root根音(fundamental)scalestep音级(音级数:
numberofscalestep)simpleinterval单音程
compoundinterval复音程enharmonicintervals等音程inversion转位(complement)minor小(音程)major大(音程)
perfect完全,纯(音程)augmented增(音程)
diminished减(音程)double-augmented倍增(音程)double-diminished倍减(音程)unison同度,一度(prime)second二度third三度fourth四度fifth五度sixth六度seventh七度octave八度ninth九度tenth十度eleventh十一度twelfth十二度tri-tone三全音diatonicinterval自然(音程)chromaticinterval变化(音程)consonant协和(音程、和弦)dissonant不协和(音程、和弦)chord和弦triad三和弦majortriad大三和弦minortriad小三和弦
经过音
,upperorlower)
augmentedtriad增三和弦rootposition原位firstinversion第一转位secondinversion第二转位thirdinversion第三转位sixthchord六和弦sixth-fourchord四六和弦seventhchord七和弦dominantseventhchord属七和弦diminishedseventhchord减七和弦ninthchord九和弦augmentedsixthchord增六和弦Added-sixthchord加六度和弦fourthchord四度和弦tone-cluster音簇harmony和声学harmonicanalysis和声分析functionalharmony功能和声modulation转调transposition移调chromaticscale半音阶diatonicscale自然音阶passingtone
neighboringtone辅助音(auxiliarytoneanticipation先现音suspension延留音ornament(s)装饰音
trill颤音
mordent波音(uppermordent)
invertedmordent逆波音(lowermordent;早期称Schneller)doublemordent复波音invertedturn回音arpeggio琶音melody旋律repetition重复unity统一variety变化variation变奏themewithvariation主题与变奏
comparison对比augmentation展开climax高潮sequence模进melodicsequence旋律模进harmonicsequence和声模进melodicprogression旋律进行melodiccontour旋律轮廓motive动机development发展thematicmaterial主题材料phrase乐句phrasing分句period乐段cadence终止perfectcadence完全终止
imperfectcadence不完全终止
halfcadence半终止
authenticcadence正格终止
plagalcadence变格终止
interruptedcadence阻碍终止
deceptivecadence伪终止
musicalform曲式
one-partform一段式,一部曲式
binaryform二段式,二部曲式(AB)
roundedbinaryform(有再现的)二段式
ternaryform三段式,三部曲式(ABA)
four-partform四段式
five-partform五段式
variationform变奏曲式(A,A1,A2,A3⋯)strophicform分节歌(a,a,a,a⋯)
rondoform回旋曲式(ABAC)A
sonataform奏鸣曲式
exposition呈示部
development展开部
recapitulation再现部
rondosonataform回旋奏鸣曲式
movement乐章
prelude前奏(曲)
interlude间奏(曲)
coda尾声
trio三声中部
cadanza华彩乐段musicalform体裁
reduction改编(缩编)
trio三重奏quartet四重奏quintet五重奏opera歌剧ballet芭蕾chorus合唱choir合唱团choralmusic合唱音乐cantata康塔塔mass弥撒oratorio清唱剧passion受难曲symphony交响曲concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲sonatina小奏鸣曲band军乐队bandmusic军乐etude练习曲march进行曲jazz爵士乐overture序曲ballata叙事曲intermezzo间奏曲waltz圆舞曲,华尔兹allemande阿勒曼德courante库朗特sarabande萨拉班德gigue吉格bourree布列polonaise波洛涅兹tarantella塔兰台拉govotte加沃特chaconne恰空passacaglia帕萨卡利亚capriccio随想曲fantasia幻想曲lullaby摇篮曲tango探戈habanera哈巴涅拉madrigal牧歌choral众赞歌reguiem安魂曲symphonicpoem交响诗toccata托卡塔serenade小夜曲nocturn夜曲rhapsody狂想曲minuet小步舞曲recitative宣叙调aria咏叹调songswithoutword无词歌invention创意曲
scherzo谐谑曲mazurka玛祖卡polka波尔卡foxtrot狐步舞blues布鲁斯rumba伦巴disco迪斯科suite组曲fugue赋格instrumentalmusic器乐musicalinstrument乐器instrumentation乐器法orchestra管弦乐队orchestration配器法conductor指挥concertmaster首席podium指挥台woodwindinstruments木管乐器piccolo短笛flute长笛oboe双簧管clarinet单簧管(黑管)bassclarinet低音单簧管bassoon大管(巴松)contrabassoon低音大管Englishhorn英国管brasswindinstruments铜管乐器
Frenchhorn圆号,法国号trumpet小号cornet短号
trombone长号tuba大号basstuba低音大号doublebasstuba倍低音大号tenortuba次中音大号bass低音号saxophone萨克斯管euphonium尤风宁号percussion(s)打击乐kettledrum定音鼓bassdrum大鼓tenordrum中鼓sidedrum小鼓triangle三角铁chimes排钟marimba玛林巴tubularbells管钟glockenspiel钟琴vibraphone颤音琴castanets响板whip鞭响器rattle摇响器anvil乐砧tambourine铃鼓tabor塔波鼓
bongo邦戈鼓gong锣templeblock木鱼woodblock南梆子,盒梆cymbal钹harp竖琴xylophone木琴piano钢琴pedal踏板stringedinstruments弦乐器
violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴doublebass低音提琴guitar吉他lute疏特琴harpsichord拨弦古钢琴clavier(18世纪)键盘乐器organ风琴pipeorgan管风琴accordion手风琴keyboard键盘(乐)vocalmusic声乐belcanto美声acappella无伴奏合唱voice人声,声部soprano女高音coloraturasoprano花腔女高音
lyricsoprano抒情女高音dramaticsoprano戏剧女高音mezzosoprano次女高音,女中音tenor男高音dramatictenor戏剧男高音bariton男中音bass男低音unison齐奏(唱)solo独奏(唱)duet二重奏ensemble合奏(团体)stage舞台theater剧场,戏剧Renaissance文艺复兴Rococo洛可可Baroque巴洛克Classicism古典主义Romanticism浪漫主义Impressionism印象主义Nationalisminmusic民族乐派
Anti-impressionism反印象主义Realism现实主义Serialism序列主义Primitivism原始主义Expressionism表现主义Microtonalism微分音主义
Neoclassicism新古典主义
Structuralism结构主义
ConcreteMusic具体音乐Accidentalism偶然主义
Minimalism省略(简约)主义
Pointillism点描派
monophonicmusic单声部音乐homophony主调
homophonicmusic主调音乐polyphony复调
polyphonicmusic复调音乐counterpoint对位programmusic标题音乐absolutemusic纯音乐,非标题音乐abstractmusic抽象音乐