完整版主谓一致.docx

完整版主谓一致.docx

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完整版主谓一致

一致关系

一、主谓一致

在现代英语中主谓一致基本遵循如下原则：

语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。

语法一致原则就是根据主语的语法形式决定其谓语动词的语法形式。

例如：

Mydaughterwatchestelevisionaftersupper.

Mydaughterswatchtelevisionaftersupper.

Aletterhasbeensenttoeverystudent.

Twolettershavebeensenttoeverystudents.

Totreattheminthatwayisunfair.

Smokingcigarettesisdangeroustoyourhealth.

意义一致原则指主谓之间的一致关系不是由主语的语法形式来决定，而是由主谓所表达的意义来决定。

形式是单数的主语，其谓语有可能是复数形式；反之，形式是复数的主语，其谓语有可能是单数。

例如：

Thegovernmenthavebrokenalltheirpromises.

Theclassaredoingexperimentsonheatandlight.

Thecouncilareoftwoopinions.

TheUnitedStatesisacountryadvancedinscienceandtechnology.

TendollarsisallIhaveleft.

Twothirdsoftheareaisunderwater.

就近原则，指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。

例如：

Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperinthedrawer.

NeithershenorIamwet.

Eitheryouorhewasinthewrong.

上述三条原则的具体应用则比较复杂，下列几点应予以注意：

1．谓语动词单数的情况

（1）不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：

Tobecomeactressesistheirambition.

Noddingoftenmeansyousay“yes”.

WhatIdidwasgiveherabook.

（2）事件、国名、机构名称、作品名称用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：

TheUnitedStatesisacountryadvancedinscienceandtechnology.

TheUnitedNationswasformedin1945.

TheThirty-NineStepsisaninterestingnovel.

（3）One,every,everyone,everybody,each,oneof,manya,either,neither,noonenobody,anyone,someone,somebody用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：

Manyastudentdoesn’tlikehavingtodotheirhomework.

Oneoftheteachersisabsenttoday.

Everyboyandgirlistreatedinthesameway.

Neitherofthetwogirlsisathome.

（4）表示时间、距离、金钱、体积、数字等的词语用作主语表示总量时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：

Fifteenyearsrepresentsalongperiodofhislife.

Onehundredmilesistoofartotravelonfoot.

Tenthousanddollarsisalargesumofmoney.

（5）单数词作主语，虽然后接由including,aswellas,togetherwith,inadditionto,accompaniedby等词连接的其它词，谓语动词仍用单数。

例如：

Gold,aswellassilver,hasrecentlyriseninprice.

Thefactory,withallitsequipment,hasbeenburned.

（6）Aportionof,aseriesof,akindof等词语修饰主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用单数。

例如：

Aseriesofpre-recordedtapeshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.

2．谓语动词复数的情况

（1）both,some,few,many,several等词语修饰主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。

例如：

BothofthemhavegonetoShanghaionbusiness.

Fewofmyclassmatesreallyunderstandme.

Severalstudentswerelateforschoolyesterday.

（2）形容词前加定冠词泛指时，谓语动词用复数。

例如：

Inmanywesternfilms,thegoodarewellrewardedandthebadarepunished.

3．其他情况

（1）由and连接两个主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。

例如：

Yourproblemandminearesimilar.

Thesecretaryandtheheadmasteroftheschoolwerepresentatthemeeting.

但当and连接的词语作整体考虑，或在意义上指同一个人或物时，谓语动词一般用单数。

例如：

Breadandbutterismyfavoritebreakfast.

Thesecretaryandtheheadmasteroftheschoolwaspresentatthemeeting.

当由and连接的两个单数名词前面有each,every等词修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。

例如：

Eachactorandactresswasinvited.

一个单数名词前有由and连接的两个形容词修饰时，谓语动词一般用复数。

例如：

ChineseandJapanesesilkaregoodquality.

（2）当or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly..butalso连接一个单数主语和一个复数主语时，谓语动词的数取决于它邻近的主语的数。

例如：

Neitherthepricesnorthequalityhaschanged.

Neitherthequalitynorthepriceshavechanged.

（3）集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数常取决于主语的意义。

当主语表示整体时，谓语动词用单数；当主语强调集体中的个体时，谓语动词用复数。

Thefamilyisthebasicunitofthesociety

ThefamilyhaveagreedamongthemselvestospendtheirvacationinItaly.

这些集体名词有：

people,army,audience,cattle,class,club,committee,crowd,family,government,group,majority,party,police,public,staff,team等，其中people,cattle,police常用复数。

（4）一些表示数量的词语：

如alotof,anyof,mostof,halfof,two-thirdsof,ninetypercentof,partof,therestof,someof,noneof,allof与名词连用时，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。

名词用单数，谓语动词也用单数，名词用复数，谓语动词也用复数。

例如：

AlotoftheequipmentwasmadeinChina.

Alotofmyfriendsareheretocelebratemybirthday.

Mostofthebookisinteresting.

Mostofthebooksareinformativethoughalittledull.

注意当anumberof修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数，而当thenumberof与名词连用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：

Anumberofstudentswerelateforschoolowingtothestorm.

Thenumberoferrorswassurprising

二、代词一致

代词一致是指句子中代词应在数、性、人称等方面保持一致，或代词和它所指代的名词词组在某些方面保持一致。

例如：

Thecityisproudofitsparks.

Thenursepickedupthebabyandhandedittoitsmother.

1.由and连接两个先行词，代词用复数。

例如：

GeorgeandJohnsatdownwiththeircoatson.

2.由or,either…or,neither..nor,notonly…butalso连接的先行词如果在数和性上是一致的，就用其相应的代词；如果先行词在数和性上不一致，代词可与邻近的先行词保持一致，在正式文体中也可用两个不同代词。

例如：

NeitherMarynorAlicehadherkeywithher.

Neithertheparcelnorthelettershadreachedtheirdestination.

NotonlyTombutalsoIcandomyworkwell.

IfeitherDavidorJanetcomes,heorshewillwantadrink.

3.当each,everyone,everybody,noone,none,nobody,anybody,anyone,someone,somebody用作主语或主语限定词时，其相应的代词一般用单数形式。

例如：

Everybodytalkedatthetopofhisvoice.

Nobodywantstogothere,dothey?

在非正式语体中，也可以根据意义一致原则用复数代词。

例如：

Noneoftheseworkerscandoit,can’tthey?

4.当everything,anything,something,nothing等用作主语时，句中相应的代词一般只按照语法一致的原则，用单数形式。

例如：

Anythingonthedeskcanbethrownaway,can’tit?

Everythingisready,isn’tit?

5.集体名词作先行词时，如果集体名词指整体，用单数代词；如果指集体中的个体，则用复数代词。

例如：

Myfamilyislarge.Itiscomposedofninemembers.

Myfamilyarelovingandsupportive.Theyarealwaysreadytohelpme.

GrammarExcercises

I.Tickthecorrectformofeachverbinthebracketsineachofthefollowingsentences.

1.Everyoneofmybrothers（has,have）browneyes.

2.George,togetherwithhisfamily,（is,are）flyingtoNewYork.

3.Her（is,are）thedocumentsyouaskedfor.

4.There（seems,seem）tobeseveralpeopleintheroom.

5.Someofthemoney（is,are）missing.

6.Mostofthefruitcrop（was,were）destroyedbytheheavysnow.

7.Halfofthestudentsintheclass（ia,are）fromtheNorth.

8.Theaudience（was,were）returningtotheirseats.

9.Twothousandmiles（is,are）toofarforustotraveloverashortvacation.

10.Theoldinourcountry（is,are）caredforbytheirgrown-upchildren.

11.Onehundredandsixtypounds（is,are）whatyoushouldweigh.

12.Thi9sisanimportantdecisionthat（is,are）changingtheeducationalsysteminourcountry.

13.Janeisoneofthepeoplewho（is,are）willingtohelpothers.

14.ItisIwho（am,is）wrong.

15.Youaretheonewho（is,are）wrong.

16.Thisisoneofthebeststoriesthat（has,have）everbeenpublished.

17.Allofthework（has,have）beenfinished.

18.GeneralMotors（is,are）ahugecompany.

19.Neithertheteachernorthestudents（has,have）enoughtime.

20.WhatIsaw（was.were）twomenattackingapoliceman.

21.Theteam（is,are）tryingonthenewboots.

22.Lawandorder（has,have）beenrestoredinthatregeon.

23.Anumberofstudents（speaks,speak）Englishwell.

24.Thenumberofthefeiluresintheexamination（is,are）surprisinglylarge.

25.MyfriendandclassmatePaul（race,races）motorcyclesinhissparetime.

26.Scatteredoverthefloor（was,were）theremainsoftheevening’sfeast.

27.Fewmembersoftheparty（approve,approves）thecommittee’sappointment.

28.Whattheyweretalkingabout（was,were）notatallclear.

29.TheDailyNews（says,say）it’sgoingtorain.

30.Neitherthehighpaynorthebenefits（appeal,appeals）totheworkers.

31.Oneorperhapsmorepages（is,are）missing.

32.Everymanandwoman（is,are）givenspecialtraining.

33.Thewindowsoftheshop（is,are）anythingbutclean.

34.ThePresidentandPartyLeader（was,were）killedintheaccident.

35.Thesmallestoftheboys（is,are）cleverestinclass.

36.Thepresident,accompaniedbyhisadvisors（has,have）arrived.

37.Neithershenorthey（is,are）readytogohome.

38.Manyawriterofnewspaperarticles（has,have）turnedtowritingnovels

39.Neitherofthechairs（is,are）verycomfortable.

40.Myfavoritefruit（is,are）grapes.

41.Themob（is,are）pickingupwhatevertheycouldlayhandson.

42.I,who（is,am）wrong,havenothingtosay.

43.Howmuch（is,are）thosebooks?

44.There（is,are）acrowdatthesceneoftheaccident.

45.Theaudience（is,are）unusuallysmall.

46.Thecommittee（has,have）beenarguingamongthemselvesforhours.

47.Allbuthimandme（is,are）goingtothecinema.

48.Thepolice（has,have）receivedorderstostandby.

49.Aseriesofaccidents（has,have）occurredinQueensway.

50.Ahalftruth（is,are）oftennobetterthanalie.

II.Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingsentenceswithapropriatepronoun.

1.Inalargecityastrangerfeltlostifhadgrownupinasmalltown.

2.IsuspecteachofushastriedbesttolearnEnglishwell.

3.Therestofthelecturesomehowlostpoint.

4.Theteamisplayinglasthomegamethisyear.

5.NeitherJanenorJanethadIDCardwith.

6.Thecommitteewishtoreconsiderdecision.

7.Thoseofuswhohaveafamilyhistoryofheartdiseaseshouldmakeayearlyappointmentwithdoctors.

8.Thegroupofstudentsdonotagreeonmethods,butuniteonbasicaims.

9.Nobodyinapositionofauthorityhadgivenapprovalofthebill.

10.Therestoftheemployeeswillreceivepaycheckwhenthenewfundsarrive.