跨文化.docx

跨文化.docx

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跨文化

TheSixTypesof

NonverbalCommunication

Therearesixmaintypesofnonverbalcommunication.

You'reprobablyfamiliarwithmost,butmaybesurprisedbythemoreobscuretypes.

Applyyourself-observationskillstoyournonverbalcommunicationhabitsandseeifyoucan'tdiscoverwaysinwhichyoumightbecomeamoreeffectivecommunicator!

FacialExpressions

Ofallthetypesofnonverbalcommunication,thismaybeoneofthemostnoticeable.Weallexamineeachothers'facesaswetalk,gleaninginformationtoconfirmthatthemeaningisreceivedasitisdelivered.

Smilingisonefacialexpressionthatislikelytoputotherpeopleateaseandmakethemfeelacceptedandcomfortable.Youexudehappinessandencouragementwhenyousmile,sotrytoaddittomoreofyourconversations.

Scowling,chewingyourlip,andraisingyoureyebrowscanallsignaldifferentmeanings,soitisimportanttobeawareofhowyourfacelooksduringaconversation.

EyeContact

Thisisabigone.WelearnedallaboutitinSpeechclass!

Thehardpartisthatitcanfeeluncomfortable.

Forsomeitmayfeeltoointimate,forothersitmayfeelchallenging.Nomatterhowitmakesyoufeel,though,itisanessentialtoolinyournonverbalcommunicationtoolboxasitmakestheotherpersonfeelheard,respected,andimportant.

Ofcourse,Idon'tadvocatestaringasthatcanberude!

Butmakinggood,consistenteyecontactcanelevateyourstatusasagreatconversationalist.

Gestures

Gesturesareanotheroneofthetypesofnonverbalcommunication.Theycanaddwarmthandpersonalitytoaconversation.Ifyou'renotabighandgestureperson,rememberatleasttonodyourheadappropriately.Thisisaneasywaytoshowthatyouarelisteningto,understanding,andconnectingwiththespeaker.

PostureandBodyOrientation

Howyouwalk,talk,stand,andsitsendsalotofmessagestoothers.Thinkofthetimesyou'vefeltnervousataparty…yourposturemostcertainlygaveyouaway.Lettingyourbodyrelax,havingfluidsmoothmovements,andfacingyourconversationpartnerallindicateconfidenceandengagingconversationskills.

Proximity

Thephysicaldistancebetweenyouandotherssignalsyourlevelofintimacyandcomfort.Ifsomeoneyoudon'tknowstandstoocloseortouchestoooften,youwillprobablybegintofeeluncomfortable.Makesureyou'reawareofothers'bodylanguageinresponsetoyourpresence--thiscanbeespeciallyimportantforthosewhowanttoimpress!

Paralinguistics

Thisisreallyjustdescribinghowyourvoicesounds.Itincludesyour:

Tone

Pitch

Rhythm

Loudness

Inflection

Thistypeofnonverbalcommunicationismostnoticeablewhensomeoneusestheirvoicetoindicateadifferentmeaningthantheirstatedwords.Youknow,thatpassive-aggressivetacticthatwealluseatsometimeoranother.Likewhenyou'rehavinganargumentwithyourhusbandandyousay,"I'mnotangry!

"

Ha!

Tryingtokeepyourwordsandyourparalinguisticsinsyncwillhelpkeepyourmessagesclear,understandable,andlesslikelytobemisinterpreted.

Youcanseewhythesixtypesofnonverbalcommunicationaresoimportanttomaster.Ifyouwouldlikesomehelpinassessingandimprovingyours,pleasedropmeanote!

NonverbalCommunicationExamples

Howdoesnonverbalcommunicationaffectourrelationships?

Findoutwiththehelpofthesenonverbalcommunicationexamples.

Youmayhavetriedeverytrickinthebook,butsomehowyouarenotbeingabletomaintainstrongrelationships,eitherpersonalorprofessional.Whereareyougoingwrong?

Thisisprobablybecauseyourbodylanguagedoesnotcomplementyourspeech.Thisisacommonproblemfacedbymany.Youmayspeakwithalotofconviction,butyoureyesorposturemayspeakotherwise.Thisiswhatwecallnonverbalcommunication,whichisbetterexplainedwiththehelpofsomenonverbalcommunicationexamples.

WhatisNonverbalCommunication?

Nonverbalcommunicationisalsoknownasbodylanguageandisaninevitablepartofourpersonality.Whenwespeak,wealsogiveoutseveralnonverbalsignalsthatsometimesworktointensifywhatisalreadybeingsaid,orsometimescontradictswhatwearesaying.Nonverbalcommunicationcanbeagive-awaysimplybecauseitishardtocontrolthiskindofcommunication.Inseveralcases,youmaycommunicatesimplybymeansofnonverbalcommunication.Theysayeyessayalotmorethanwordsdo.Thisisanexampleofnonverbalcommunication.

Nonverbalcommunicationprimarilycomprisesgestures,posture,touch,spaceandfacialexpressions.Asmentionedbefore,thesemayeithercomplementorcontradictwhatwesay.Nonverbalbodylanguageleavesahugeimpactonrelationships,bothpersonalorprofessional.

ExamplesofNonverbalCommunication

Thereareseveraltypesofnonverbalcommunicationthatmaybeevaluatedonthebasisofcertainexamples,thatwillhelpyouunderstandthenuancesofthiscomplicatedformofcommunication.

FacialExpressions

Whenreadingfacialexpressions,someoftheseexamplesmayhelp:

∙Whilemaintainingeyecontactisasignofconfidenceandpositivity,avoidingeyecontactisoneofthemostclearnegativenonverbalcommunicationexamples.Thisimpliesthatthepersonmaybelying,orfearsconfrontation.

∙Thesmileisanothergive-awaywhenitcomestofacialexpressions.Whileasoftsmileisasoftexpressionthatisencouraging,arigidsmileorasmirkmaybeasignofcontempt.

∙Raisedeyebrowsarenotonlyasignofsurprise,theycanalsosuggestmockeryorsarcasm.Itmaybeanaturalphysicaltraitofsomepeople,andtheymaydoitwithoutrealizing.However,itisimportanttoknowthekindofeffectitishavingonothers.

∙Frowningisanotherfacialexpressionthatwetendtoassumewhenunderstress.Thisgivesoutthemessagethatweareunapproachableandcold.

PostureandotherMovements

Posturesareincludedinnonverbalcommunicationandmaybeexplainedwithafewoftheseexamples:

∙Standingerectshowsconfidence,butifyouareslouchingitisasignoflowself-esteemandastancethatyouhavegivenup.

∙Keepingshouldersrigidagaingiveasignthatyoumaybeunapproachable,andmayaffectthekindofpeopleyouattracttowardsyou.

∙Constantfiddlingwitheverythinginsightisasignofanxiety,frustration,boredomandlackofinterest.

∙Standingwithyourhandscrossedbehindyou,combinedwithyourfacialexpressionsmaybeaclearsignofangerorfrustrationthatyouaretryingtoholdback.

Gestures

Gesturesanimatetheconversationswehavewithothers.Wepoint,wewaveanduseallsortsofbodylanguagegestureswhilewearetalking.

∙Forinstance,youmayconstantlyberubbingyourneck,orthebackofyourear.Thisisasignofdiscomfortandlackofconfidence.

∙Ifyouareangry,youmaybeclenchingyourfiststocontrolyouranger,orinpreparationforaphysicalattack!

∙Rubbinghandstogetherindicatesexcitementandindicatesreadinesstoengageinanactivity.

∙Shruggingmayshowalackofinterest.

Touch

Eventouchplaysanimportantroleinnonverbalcommunication.Forinstance:

∙Whenyourbossispraisingyou,andpatsyouontheback,itisasignofgenuinelikingforyouandyourwork.

∙Afirmhandshakeisthesignofconfidence.

∙Weallknowthereassuringeffectofawarmbearhug.

∙Someonewhoholdsyourarmswhiletalkingiseithertryingtomakeastatement,ortoportraythathe/sheisincontrol.

Space

Weallhaveaphysicalspacearoundus.Sometimeswefindpeopleinvadingthatpersonalspace.Itmaybetoportrayanyofthefollowing:

∙Intimacy

∙Affection

∙Dominance

∙Aggression

Thisdoesnotmeanthatsomeonemaintainingadecentphysicaldistanceistryingtokeepawayfromyou.Itonlymeansthatthepersonknowshis/herplaceandrespectsyourpersonalspace,providedyoudon'tshareaverycloserelationship.

Understandingbodylanguagewiththehelpofthesenonverbalcommunicationexamplesmaytakeawhile.Topickupnonverbalcuesrequiresyoutowatchoutforthemintently,andalsolearnhowtocomplementtherightcueswiththespokenword,sothatyoudon'tgiveoutthewrongmessage.Onceyouareabletodothat,youwilldefinitelyminimizethechancesofmisconceptionsandmisunderstandingsaboutothers,andyourself.

7TypesofNonVerbalcommunication

ByManasiChaudhari/May3,2011

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Nonverbalcommunicationisuniversalandittranscendslanguage,religion,geographicalterritoryandallcultures.Itmakesourcommunicationmoreappealingandeffective.Itisanintegralpartofeverydaycommunication.Mostofusarenotconsciouslyawareofthevariouscues,signsandsignalsthatweuseinourcommunication.However,studiesrevealseveraltypesofnonverbalcommunication,afewofwhicharelistedbelow.

1.FacialExpressions

Faceistheindexofthemind.Itcanexpressalotmoreevenwhenonedoesn'tdoanytalking.Whilespeakingornotspeaking,thefacecanconveysomethingmorethanwhatthewordsmayfailtodo.Emotions,attitudes,andassociationsareusuallywellexpressedintheface.Facialmusclesindifferentcombinationsimplyanumberofemotionsandmessages.Forexample:

∙Eyebrowscanfrown,quiz,approve,disapproveandmanymore.

∙Eyescanmoveleftandrightanddilatetoexpresscaution,glee,surprise,anger,sorrow,loveetc.

∙Nostrilscanwrinkleupandflaretoimplyconfusion,angerandevenboredom.

∙Lipscansmile,laugh,snarl,kissandtightentoexpressawidevarietyofmessages.

∙Tonguescanrollupanddown,curl,moveinandoutandmoisturethelipstoconveyavarietyofemotions.

∙Jawstoocanexpressmanyideas,whiletheyareclosed,opened,clinchedorsetatangles.

2.BodyLanguageandPostur