职称英语理工A.docx

职称英语理工A.docx

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职称英语理工A

第1部分：

词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

　　1.Iwillnot tolerate thatsortofbehaviorinmyclass.

　　A.controlB.observeC.regulateD.Accept

　　【答案】D

　　2.Sheshowedanatural aptitude forthework.

　　A.senseB.talentC.flavorD.Taste

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】aptitude天赋

　　haveaaptitudefor=haveagift/talentfor

　　3.Mostpeoplefind rejection hardtoaccept.

　　A.excuseB.clientC.refusalD.Destiny

　　【答案】C

　　4.Theorganizationwas bold enoughtofacethepress.

　　A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.Sensible

　　【答案】C

　　5.Theywerelockedin mortal combat.

　　A.deadlyB.openC.actualD.Active

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】A.deadly致死的;　B.open打开的;　C.actual实在的;　D.Active积极的。

　　mortal致命的、致死的;immortal不朽的

　　题干：

他们被锁起来进行致命的战争。

　　6.Wewereattractedbythe lure ofquickmoney.

　　A.amountB.supplyC.temptD.Sum

　　【答案】C

　　7.Theprocedureswereperceivedascomplexandless transparent.

　　A.clearB.necessaryC.specialD.Correct

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】A.clear清楚的;　B.necessary必要的;　C.special特殊的;　D.Correct正确的

　　transparent明显的、显然的

　　题干：

这些过程被认为是复杂的且没有那么清楚的。

　　8.TheStockExchangeisin turmoil followingahugewaveofselling.

　　A.ServiceB.dangerC.disorderD.threat

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】stockexchange证券交易所

　　inturmoil处于混乱中

　　题干：

证券交易所在一次大的抛售后处于混乱。

　　9.HebelievesthatEuropemustchangeoritwill perish.

　　A.surviveB.lastC.dieD.Move

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】perish死亡，枯萎

　　题干：

他认为欧洲必须改变否则它就会死亡。

　　A.survive幸存;　　B.last持续;　　C.die死亡;　　D.Move移动。

　　10.Therewasa simultaneous trialtakingplaceinthenextbuild.

　　A.fairB.fullC.coexistingD.Public

　　【答案】C

　　11.Theypromote assimilation ofethnicgroupsintothemain-streamculture.

　　A.policyB.valueC.equalityD.Integration

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】assimilate同化、吸收

　　---assimilation

　　题干：

他们宣传民族同化，吸收进主流文化。

　　A.policy政策;　　B.value价值;　　C.equality同等;　　D.Integration组合。

　　12.Asalesman’s cardinal ruleistosatisfycustomers.

　　A.principalB.officialC.simpleD.Legal

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】cardinal主要的

　　cardinalrule主要问题、基本原则

　　题干：

销售人员的主要职责就是满足顾客。

　　A.principal主要的;　　B.official官方的;　　C.simple简单的;　　D.Legal合法的。

　　13.Imust compliment youonyourhandlingofaverydifficultsituation

　　A.silenceB.praiseC.assureD.Complain

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】compliment赞扬，称赞

　　complimentsbonsth

　　题干：

我必须称赞你，在一个非常困难的情况下处理好事情。

　　注意与complemen补充，区分开。

　　A.Silence安静;B.praise赞扬;　　C.assure确信;D.Complain抱怨

　　14.Welivedforyearsina perpetual stateoffear

　　A.emotionalB.nervousC.terribleD.Continuous

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】perpetual永久的不断的

　　题干：

我们常年一直处于害怕的状态。

　　A.emotional情感的;　　B.nervous紧张的;　　C.terrible可怕的;　　D.Continuous持续的、不断的。

　　15.Thestarvingchildrenwerea pathetic sight.

　　A.commonB.unexpectedC.unforgettableD.Pitiful

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】pathetic可怜的

　　sympathetic同情的

　　sympathy

　　题干：

这些挨饿的孩子真是很可怜。

A.common普遍的;　B.unexpected意想不到的;C.unforgettable难以忘记的;　D.Pitiful可怜的。

　第2部分阅读判断

　　LackofOxygenDelayedtheRiseofAnimalsonEarth

　　Scientistshavelongspeculatedastowhyanimalspeciesdidn’tflourishsooner,oncesufficientoxygencoveredtheEarth’ssurface.AnimalsbegantoprosperattheendoftheProterozoicperiod,about800millionyearsago—butwhataboutthebillion-yearstretchbeforethat,whenmostresearchersthinktherealsowasplentyofoxygen?

　　Well,itseemstheairwasn’tsogreatthen,afterall.

　　InastudypublishedOct.31inScience,YaleresearcherNoahPlanavskyandhiscolleaguesfoundthatoxygenlevelsduringthe“boringbillion”periodwereonly0.1%ofwhattheyaretoday.Inotherwords,Earth’satmospherecouldn’thavesupportedadiversityofcreatures,nomatterwhatgeneticadvancementswerepoisedtooccur.

　　“Thereisnoquestionthatgeneticandecologicalinnovationmustultimatelybebehindtheriseofanimals,butitisequallyunavoidablethatanimalsneedacertainlevelofoxygen,”saidPlanavsky,co-leadauthoroftheresearchalongwithChristopherReinhardoftheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology.“We’reprovidingthefirstevidencethatoxygenlevelswerelowenoughduringthisperiodtopotentiallypreventtheriseofanimals.”

　　Thescientistsfoundtheirevidencebyanalyzingchromium（Cr）isotopesinancientsedimentsfromChina,Australia,Canada,andtheUnitedStates.ChromiumisfoundintheEarth’scontinentalcrust,andchromiumoxidationisdirectlylinkedtothepresenceoffreeoxygenintheatmosphere.

　　Specifically,theteamstudiedsamplesdepositedinshallow,iron-richoceanareas,neartheshore.Theycomparedtheirdatawithothersamplestakenfromyoungerlocalesknowntohavehigherlevelsofoxygen.

　　Oxygen’sroleincontrollingthefirstappearanceofanimalshaslongvexedscientists.“Weweremissingtherightapproachuntilnow,”Planavskysaid.“Chromiumgaveustheproxy.”Previousestimatesputtheoxygenlevelat40%oftoday’sconditionsduringpre-animaltimes,leavingopenthepossibilitythatoxygenwasalreadyplentifulenoughtosupportanimallife.

　　Inthenewstudy,theresearchersacknowledgedthatoxygenlevelswere“highlydynamic”intheearlyatmosphere,withthepotentialforoccasionalspikes.However,theysaid,“Itseemsclearthatthereisafirst-orderdifferenceinthenatureofEarthsurfaceCrcycling”beforeandaftertheriseofanimals.

　　“Ifweareright,ourresultswillreallychangehowpeopleviewtheoriginsofanimalsandothercomplexlife,andtheirrelationshipstotheco-evolvingenvironment,”saidco-authorTimLyonsoftheUniversityofCalifornia-Riverside.“Thiscouldbeagamechanger.”

　　FundingsourcesfortheresearchincludedtheNASAExobiologyProgramandtheNationalScienceFoundation’sEarth-LifeTransitionsprogram,awardedtoPlanavsky,Reinhard,andLyons.

　　TheothermembersoftheresearchteamincludedXiangliWang,apostdoctoralfellowatYale;ThomasJohnson,oftheUniversityofIllinois;DanielleThomson,ofCarletonUniversity;PeterMcGoldrick,oftheUniversityofTasmania;andWoodwardFischer,oftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.

　　16.ThestudydiscoveredtheriseofanimalsoccurredearlierthantheProterozoicperiod.

　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned

　　17.Manyresearchersbelievetheoxygenlevelwashighduringpre-animaltimes.

　　A.Right B.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　18.Theteamwasfundedbyseveralresearchinstitutes.

　　A.RightB.Wrong C.Notmentioned

　　19.Geneticadvancementstriggeredtheriseofanimals.

　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned

　　20.Thesamplesstudiedintheresearchwerecollectedinoceanareas.

　　A.Right B.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　21.ThestudyrevealedthatchromiumfoundinEarth’scontinentalcrustremainedstablebeforeandaftertheriseofanimals.

　　A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned

　　22.TimLyonslikedtoplaycomputergamesinhissparetime.

　　A.RightB.Wrong C.Notmentioned

第3部分概括大意与完成句子

　　FirstImage-recognitionSoftware

　　1.Dartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificial1,softwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargrejthaneverbefore.

　　2.Thenewsystem,whichwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedto,Ishowsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm（运算法则）or,ma9eIrecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientenoughtoimprovelargeseaie,documentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel（像素）datainimagesandpotentiayvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned（收集）fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptionsmakingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.

　　3."Overthelast30years,"saysAssociateProfessorLorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,"theWebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadataset,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesorvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetsthegist（主旨）ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,surprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengines,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWebpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch."

　　4.Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic（语义的）informationfromthepixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries（查询）onadatabaseof50millionWebpages.Theyselectedthetext-rethevalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthatthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.

　　23.Paragraph1__B__　　24.Paragraph2__C__

　　25.Paragraph3__E__　　26.Paragraph4__D__

　　A.Popularityofthenewsystem　　B.Publicationofthenewdiscovery

　　C.Functionofthenewsystem　　D.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecreated

　　E.Problemsoftheexistingsearchengines　　F.Improvementindocumentretrieval

　　27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby__C__.

　　28.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin__B__.

　　29.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore__A__

　　30.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe__E__

　　A.informationinimages　B.curren