厦门大学考研真题阅读及英美文学语言学基础.docx

厦门大学考研真题阅读及英美文学语言学基础.docx

《厦门大学考研真题阅读及英美文学语言学基础.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《厦门大学考研真题阅读及英美文学语言学基础.docx（29页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

厦门大学考研真题阅读及英美文学语言学基础

机密★启用前和使用过程中

厦门大学2012年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

科目代码：

814

科目名称：

阅读及英美文学、语言学基础

招生专业：

英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言

考生须知：

答题必须使用黑（蓝）色墨水（圆珠）笔；不得直接在试卷（试题纸）或草稿纸上作答；凡未按上述规定作答均不予评阅、判分，后果考生自负。

PartOneReadingComprehension70points

Passage1

Speciesinterdependenceinnatureconfersmanybenefitsonthespeciesinvolved,butitcanalsobecomeapointofweaknesswhenonespeciesinvolvedintherelationshipisaffectedbyacatastrophe.Thus,floweringplantspeciesdependentoninsectpollination,asopposedtoself-pollinationorwindpollination,couldbeendangeredwhenthepopulationofinsect-pollinatorsisdepletedbytheuseofpesticides.

IntheforestsofNewBrunswick,forexample,variouspesticideshavebeensprayedinthepast25yearsineffortstocontrolthesprucebudworm,aneconomicallysignificantpest.ScientistshavenowinvestigatedtheeffectsofthesprayingofMatacil,oneoftheanti-budwormagentsthat

isleasttoxictoinsect-pollinators.TheystudiedMatacil‘effectssoninsectmortalityinawidevarietyofwildinsectspeciesandonplantfecundity,expressedasthepercentageofthetotalflowersonanindividualplantthatactuallydevelopedfruitandboreseeds.TheyfoundthatthemostpronouncedmortalityafterthesprayingofMataciloccurredamongthesmallerbeesandonefamilyofflies,insectsthatwereallimportantpollinatorsofnumerousspeciesofplantsgrowingbeneaththetreecanopyofforests.Thefecundityofplantsinonecommonindigenousspecies,thered-osierdogwood,wassignificantlyreducedinthesprayedareasascomparedtothatofplantsincontrolplotswhereMatacilwasnotsprayed.Thisspeciesishighlydependentontheinsect-pollinatorsmostvulnerabletoMatacil.Thecreepingdogwood,aspeciessimilartothered-osierdogwood,butwhichispollinatedbylargebees,suchasbumblebees,showednosignificantdeclineinfecundity.SincelargebeesarenotaffectedbythesprayingofMatacil,theseresultsaddweighttotheargumentthatsprayingwherethepollinatorsaresensitivetothepesticideuseddecreasesplantfecundity.

Thequestionofwhetherthedecreaseinplantfecunditycausedbythesprayingofpesticidesactuallycausesadeclineintheoverallpopulationoffloweringplantspeciesstillremainsunanswered.Plantspeciesdependentsolelyonseedsforsurvivalordispersalareobviouslymore

814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础第1页，共15页

vulnerabletoanydecreaseinplantfecunditythatoccurs,whateveritscause.If,ontheotherhand,vegetativegrowthanddispersal（bymeansofshootsorrunners）areavailableasalternativereproductivestrategiesforaspecies,thendecreasesinplantfecunditymaybeoflittleconsequence.Thefecundityeffectsdescribedherearelikelytohavethemostprofoundimpactonplantspecieswithallfourofthefollowingcharacteristics:

ashortlifespan,anarrowgeographicrange,anincapacityforvegetativepropagation,andadependenceonasmallnumberofinsect-pollinatorspecies.Perhapsweshouldgivespecialattentiontotheconservationofsuchplantspeciessincetheylackkeyfactorsintheirdefensesagainsttheenvironmentaldisruptioncausedbypesticideuse.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainpointofthepassage?

A）Speciesinterdependenceisapointofweaknessforsomeplants,butisgenerallybeneficialtoinsectsinvolvedinpollination.

B）Effortstocontrolthesprucebudwormhavehaddeleteriouseffectsonthered-osierdogwood.

C）Theuseofpesticidesmaybeendangeringcertainplantspeciesdependentoninsectsforpollination.

D）Thesprayingofpesticidescanreducethefecundityofaplantspecies,butprobablydoesnotaffectitsoverallpopulationstability.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,afloweringplantspecieswhosefecundityhasdeclinedduetopesticidesprayingmaynotexperienceanoverallpopulationdeclineiftheplantspeciescandowhichofthefollowing?

A）Reproduceitselfbymeansofshootsandrunners.

B）Survivetotheendofthegrowingseason.

C）Surviveinharshclimates.

D）Respondtothefecunditydeclinebyproducingmoreflowers.

3.Thepassagesuggeststhatthelackofanobserveddeclineinthefecundityofthecreepingdogwoodstrengthenstheresearchersconclusionsregardingpesticideusebecausethe

A）creepingdogwoodisaspeciesthatdoesnotresembleotherforestplants

B）creepingdogwoodisaspeciespollinatedbyabroaderrangeofinsectspeciesthanaremostdogwoodspecies

C）creepingdogwoodgrowsprimarilyinregionsthatwerenotsprayedwithpesticide,andsoservedasacontrolfortheexperiment

D）creepingdogwoodissimilartothered-osierdogwood,butitsinsectpollinatorsareknownto

beinsensitivetothepesticideusedinthestudy

4.Itcanbeinferredthatwhichofthefollowingistrueofplantfecundityasitisdefinedinthepassage?

A）Aplant‘sfecunditydecreasesasthepercentageofunpollinatedflowersontheplantincreases.

B）Aplant‘sfecunditydecreasesasthenumberofflowersproducedbytheplantdecreases.

814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础第2页，共15页

C）Aplant‘sfecundityincreasesasthenumberofflowersproducedbytheplantincreases.

D）Aplant‘sfecundityisusuallylowiftheplantreliesonasmallnumberofinsectspeciesforpollination.

5.Whichofthefollowingassumptionsmostprobablyunderliestheauthor‘tentativesrecommendationinlines51-54?

A）Humanactivitiesthatresultinenvironmentaldisruptionshouldbeabandoned.

B）Theuseofpesticidesislikelytocontinueintothefuture.

C）Itiseconomicallybeneficialtopreserveendangeredplantspecies.

D）Preventingtheendangermentofaspeciesislesscostlythantryingtosaveanalreadyendangeredone.

Passage2

OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepast

quarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeand

seriousnessoftheirartscoverage.

Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortyto

imagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yeta

considerablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcentury

consistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.

WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEngland

th

betweentheturnofthe20centuryandtheeveofWorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswould

writeindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.―Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism,‖Newmanwrote,―thatIamtemptedtodefine?

journalism‘as?

ateamofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.‘‖

Unfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCardus,whowroteforthe

ManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasa

writerofessaysonthegameofcricket.Duringhislifetime,though,hewasalsooneofEngland‘s

foremostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography（1947）became

abest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967,thefirstmusiccritictobesohonoured.Yetonlyoneofhis

booksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.

IsthereanychancethatCardus‘scriticismwillenjoyarevival?

Theprospectseemsremote.Journalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.

814阅读及英美文学、语言学基础第3页，共15页

6.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that

A）artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.

B）English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.

C）high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.

D）youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.

7.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby

A）freethemes.

B）casualstyle.

C）elaboratelayout.

D）radicalviewpoints.

8.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?

A）Itiswriters‘dutytofulfiljournalisticgoals.

B）Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.

C）Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.

D）Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.

9.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?

A）Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.

B）Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.

C）Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.

D）Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.

10.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A）NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays

B）TheMostHorizoninNewspapers

C）MournfulDeclineofJournalism

D）ProminentCriticsinMemory

Passage3

Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelse:

theaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrules,moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormouslosses,andit‘sjustnotfair.