北京科技大学 单独考试英语 硕士研究生考研真题.docx
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北京科技大学单独考试英语硕士研究生考研真题
北京科技大学
2013年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
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试题编号:
240试题名称单独考试英语(共14页)
适用专业:
全校各专业单独考试考生
说明:
所有答案必须写在答题纸上,做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
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PartI:
Vocabulary(20minutes,10points,0.5pointeach)
SectionA
Directions:
Thereare10incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentenceandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.
1.Psychologicalstudiesshowthatsomepeoplearequick-tempered.
A.atheartB.onpurposeC.inpersonD.bynature
2.Ifapersontalksabouthisweakpoints,hislistenerisexpectedtosaysomethinginthewayof.
A.assuresB.encouragementC.persuasionD.confirmation
3.Hewashighschoolandcollegeinstructorstryingtoteachhimhowtothinktousethe"scientificmethod"ratherthanteachinghimthestructureofthesubject.
A.putupwithB.givenwaytoC.fallenbackonD.fedupwith
4.Thefilmwas'Cezanne',a50-minuteonthepainterandhiswork.
A.mediationB.medicationC.meditationD.metrication
5.Youcan'tworkforsixhourswithoutasinglebreak―it'simpossible!
A.continuouslyB.continuallyC.frequentlyD.often
6.Thehumouroftheplaywastoofortheyoungaudienceandtheyrarelylaughed.
A.detailedB.feebleC.subtleD.slender
7.Itiswellknownthatachilddoesnotreachemotionalsecurityagoodmanyyearsafterphysicalmaturity.
A.forB.duringC.aslongasD.until
8.Man'sunderstandingandhismasteringofmatterandenergyhisclaimtosuperiority;providehimwiththebasisforenrichinganddeepeninghumanexperience.
A.designateB.deserveC.justifyD.illustrate
9.Theytoinvestigatethecircumstancesatthetimeoftheaccidentanditisnowtoolatetoproveanything.
A.ignoredB.intendedC.neglectedD.disregarded
10.Peoplethatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.
A.convincedB.anticipatedC.resolvedD.assured
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,therearetensentenceswithonewordorphraseunderlinedeach.ChooseoneofthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentenceifitissubstitutedfortheunderlinedword.
11.Shedidn'topenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwasimplicitinherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.
A.explicitB.obviousC.decisiveD.underlying
12.WewillshortlybearrivinginKing'sCrossStation.MayIremindallpassengerstotaketheirluggagewiththem.
A.immediatelyB.directlyC.soonD.later
13.Actaccordingtowhatthelawsprescribeandyou'llhavenotrouble.
A.sayB.imposeC.decideD.define
14.Thematterhasbeengoneintoverythoroughly,andwefindtherearenogroundsfortheallegations.
A.investigatedB.explainedC.describedD.stated
15.Thetestcomprisesfoursections,namely,Listening,Reading,VocabularyandCompositionwithatimelimitforeach.
A.consistsofB.involvesC.indicatesD.composesof
16.Beinginfamousforhisdishonestyinbusinessmatters,themanhadfewfriends.
A.freshB.immediateC.notoriousD.famous
17.Somepeoplepersistinthepracticeofsomeveryoldcustomsortraditionsjustbecausetheyenjoydoingso.
A.endureB.supportC.sticktoD.continuein
18.Manylocalauthoritiesrealizetheneedtomakeprovisionsforelderlypeopleintheirhousingprogrammes.
A.assistanceB.roomsC.conditionsD.supplies
19.Hewasverycarefulinwhateverhedidlestsomethingunfavourablemightbewrittenintohisrecord.
A.ifonlyB.forfearthatC.unlessD.otherwise
20.Thestorywasgivenaprominentpositioninthefrontpage.
A.obviousB.clearC.apparentD.noticeable
PartIIClozeTest(20minutes,10points,1pointeach)
Directions:
Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthechoicesgivenbelow.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheetbydrawingwithapencilashortbaracrossthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.
Itisdifficulttoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutmemory.Themeaningsofthousandsofeverydayperceptions,thebases____21____thedecisionswemake,andtherootsofourhabitsandskillsaretobe____22____inourpastexperience,whicharebroughtintothepresent____23____memory.
Memorycanbedefinedasthecapacitytokeep____24____availableforlateruse.Itincludesnotonly"remembering"thingslikearithmeticorhistoricalfacts,butalsoanychangeinthewayananimaltypicallybehaves.Memoryis____25____whenaratgivesupeatinggrainbecausehehassniffedsomethingsuspiciousinthegrainpile.Memoryisalsoinvolvedwhenasix-year-olechildlearnstoswingabaseballbat.
Memory____26____notonlyinhumansandanimalsbutalsoinsomephysicalobjectsandmachines.Computers,forexample,containdevicesforstoringdataforlateruse.Itisinterestingtocomparethememory-storagecapacityofacomputer____27____thatofahumanbeing.Theinstant-accessmemoryofalargecomputermayholdupto100000"words"--readyfor____28____use.AnaverageAmericanteenagerprobablyrecognizesthemeaningsofabout100000wordsofEnglish.However,thisisbutafractionofthetotal____29____ofinformationwhichtheteenagerhasstored.Consider,forexample,thenumberoffactsandplacesthattheteenagercanrecognizeonsight.Theuseofwordsisthebasisoftheadvancedproblem-solvingintelligenceofhumanbeings.Alargepartofaperson'smemoryisintermsofwordsand____30____ofwords.
21.A.ofB.toC.forD.on
22.A.keepB.foundC.soughtD.stored
23.A.byB.fromC.withD.in
24.A.experiencesB.basesC.observationsD.information
25.A.calledB.takenC.involvedD.included
26.A.existsB.appearsC.affectsD.seems
27.A.toB.withC.againstD.for
28.A.progressiveB.instructiveC.instantD.protective
29.A.dealB.numberC.mountD.amount
30.A.combinationsB.connectionsC.co-ordinationsD.collections
PartIIIReadingComprehension(60minutes,40points)
SectionA(30points,1.5pointseach)
Directions:
Inthisparttherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswers.ChoosetheoneyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyourchoiceontheAnswerSheet.
PassageOne
Questions31-35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Theneedforsolarelectricityisclear.Itissafe,ecologicallysound,efficient,continuouslyavailable,andithasnomovingparts.Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshadbeenmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.Thelargerpartofresearchfundinghasbeendevotedtostudyofsingle-crystalsiliconsolarcells,despitetheevidence,includingthatoftheleadingmanufacturersofcrystallinesilicon,thatthetechniqueholdslittlepromise.Thereasonforthispatternisunderstandableandhistorical.Crystallinesiliconistheactiveelementintheverysuccessfulsemiconductorindustry,andvirtuallyallofthesolidstatedevicescontainsilicontransistorsanddiodes.Crystallinesilicon,however,isparticularlyunsuitabletoterrestrialsolarcells.
Crystallinesiliconsolarcellsworkwellandaresuccessfullyusedinthespaceprogram,wherecostisnotanissue.Whilesingle-crystalsiliconhasbeenproveninextraterrestrialusewithefficienciesashighas18percent,andothermoreexpensiveandscarematerialssuchasgalliumarsenidecanhaveevenhigherefficiencies,costsmustbereducedbyafactorofmorethan100tomakethempracticalforcommercialuse.Besidesthefactthatthestartingcrystallinesiliconisexpensive,95percentofitiswastedanddoesnotappearinthefinaldevice.Recently,therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsilicon,whicharelowerincostthanhigh-qualitysinglecrystals;buttodatetheefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costarrayshavebeenunacceptablysmall.Moreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.
Thisdilemmacanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:
thatis,theyhaveonlyshort-rangeorderratherthanthelong-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.Whereascrystalscanbegrownaswafersaboutfourinchesindiameter,amorphousmaterialscanbegrownoverlargeareasinasingleprocess.Whereascrystallinesiliconmustbemade200micronsthicktoabsorbasufficientamountofsunlightforefficientenergyconversion,only1micronoftheproperamorphousmaterialsisnecessary.Crystallinesiliconsolarcellscostinexcessof$100persquarefoot,butamorphousfilmscanbecreatedatacostofabout50persquarefoot.
Althoughmanyscientistswereawareoftheverylowcostofamorphoussolarcells,theyfeltthattheycouldneverbemanufacturedwiththeefficienciesnecessarytocontributesignificantlytothedemandforelectricpower.Thiswasbasedonamisconceptionaboutthefeaturewhichdeterminesefficiency.Forexample,itisnottheconductivityofthematerialsinthedarkwhichisrelevant,buton