赖世雄高级美语第16至20课讲解.docx

赖世雄高级美语第16至20课讲解.docx

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赖世雄高级美语第16至20课讲解

赖世雄高级16课

Helloeveryone,welcomeagaintoRadioEnglishonSunday.IBrucenow...where'sPe...Uh,hereyouare!

/Ahh.

/Lateragain.:

Dbutyouarejustintimeforthisprogram,whichiscalled"whenisthebesttime?

"

Ok,andwe'regoingtofindout...uh,now,Peterwasnotlate,Iwasjustkidding.Butdon'tbelatewhenyouarewithpeoplewhospeakEnglishandGermanastheirnativelanguages.

Huh?

Areyoukidding?

No,Iamnot.Andyou'llfindoutfromthislessonwhytimeissoimportanttoEnglishandGermanspeakers.

Let'sbeginwithourfirstparagraph,ourintroductoryparagraph.Asyouprobablyknow,I'llreadthrougheachparagraphandthenreviewit,andthenPeterwillgooversomeofthemoreimportantvocabularyitemsorgrammarstructuresorexpressionsineachparagraph.Solet'sgetgoing,ok?

Somepeoplegosofarastosaythattimedoesnotreallyexist;itisallinthemind,theyclaim.Othersknowthataccordingtoastrophysicists,timereallydoesexist.Itisinseparablefromspace,coexistinginwhatthesescientistscallthe"time-spacecontinuing".Nomatterwhichviewyoumayhold,timeisofrelativeimportanceindifferentcultures.However,whentraveling,doingbusiness,orstudyinginaGermanorEnglishspeakingcountry,itisagoodideatoconsidertimetobeoftheupmostimportance.

Well,asIsaidrightthebeginningoftheprogram,forGermanandEnglishspeakers,timeisnojoke.Soifyouwanttogetalongwithpeople,whospeakGermanorEnglish,youhavetotaketimeseriously.Don'tbelate;andIwaskidding;Peterwasn'tlate.

/Thankyouverymuch,butthisalsoremindsmeofaonewordthatIthinkveryimportanttoallofus.Thisisspelled...startedwitha"p"orsomething.

/Punctual.Or"Punctuality".

/..

/Bepunctual.

/..whendealingwithsuchpeopleascomefromGermanyor,youknow,GreatBritain,USA,evenJapan,

/Yeah,theJapanesearealsoverytime-conscious.

/..

/Ok,let'sgoaheadtothesecondparagraph,we'llfindoutmaybe（findthis）.

ManyhavenotedthattheGermansandEnglisharebothmethodicalandwell-organized.Naturallynoteveryoneamongthemis,butthesepeoplesdoseemtoshareapenchantfororderlinessandpunctuality.ClocksandtimehaveplayedagreatpartindefiningthecharacteroftheAngloSaxons.ThegeographicuseoftimetobeganduringtheBritishEmpirewiththeworlddividedbylatitudeandlongitude,withzerodegreeslongituderunningthroughtheobservatoryatGrenish（地名）inLondon.AccordingtotheBritishofthatday,theworldbeganitstime-keepingfromLondon,andisstilldoes.TimeisofparamountimportancetotheseEuropeansandtheiroverseasdescendants.Ifyouarevisitingorstayinginthesecountries,hereareafewpiecesofadvicetohelpyoumakethetransitiontoatime-centeredcivilization.

Well,hereweexplainperhapswhyGermansandEnglisharesotime-conscious.Manypeoplethinkofthesepeoples,noticehereonlinethree,weuse"peoples"becausenowwe'rereferringto"twogroupsofpeople",theGermansandtheEnglish,thattheyaremethodicalandwell-organized;asweoftenconsideredtheJapaneseaswell,PeoplejustmentionedtheJapanesealsoaremethodicalandwell-organized,andtheyalsocareabouttime.Well,asweknow,zerodegreeslongitude,startsfromGreenwish,不要念greenwish,that's[grenich],that'swherezerodegreesstarts,andthat'showwemeasuretimearoundtheworld.Thisgivesussomeimpressionofhowimportanttimewas,andstillis,tobothEnglishandGerman,andJapanesespeakingpeoples.

/AlsoIhavetosaythatIfeelquitehappythatIhavebeentotheobservatoryatGreenwish;that'sreallyabeautifulone;it'slocatedsomewherethatnotverybigpart（park?

）,butit'saverybigpark.

/Yeah?

/Yeah.

/（I'veyet）tospendanytimeinLondon,I'llmakesurethat,whenIgotoLondonI'llgotoGreenwish,

/Mmm.IthinkthatalsoaccountsforthepunctualityofthoseBritishpeople,Iguess.

/Iguessso.BecauseclocksandtimeandmeasuringdistanceaccordingtotimestartedinEngland.

/penchant,n,（强烈的）倾向，趣味，+for,

tohaveapenchantforsomething,-->tohavealikingforsomething,特别偏爱..喜好，

/Ihaveapenchantforchocolate.-->becrazyabout,

/Yeah,especiallyforcoffeeandchocolatetogether.

Well,let'sgoahead.0711

Asyouprobablyalreadyknow,beingpunctual,totheminute,isheldinhighesteemamongthem.Timeisthemostvaluablecommodityonecanhave,accordingtothedoctrineofthetimeworshippers.Wearenotgivenverymuchofitwhilstonthisplanet,andweshoulddoourbesttoutilizeitefficientlyeachandeveryday,theysay.Wastingothers'timebyforcingthemtowaitisasignofdisorganizedliving,asortofadmissiontobeinglow-class.Itisalsoseenasaninsulttothosekeptwaitingasiftosay"yourtimeisnotthatimportant".Tothem,thisattitudebordersonsinitself.Inbusiness,beinglateevenonlyafewtimesmaymakethedifferencebetweenyourgettingapromotionandbeingkept"inyourplace."Forsocialdates,itisoftenasignofslovenlinessatbest,rejectionofthosewaitingatworst.Inschool,neverburstopenthedoorofalecturehalltoannounce,"IamsorryIamlate,sir",asisthecustominmanycountries.Thedoublecrimeofbeingtardyandinterruptingtheproceedings,whichbeganontimeoccurs,withalikelyprejudicedandunfavorablegradeawaitingthehaplessstudent.

Wellherearesomeofthesituationsinwhichnotbeingpunctualcouldhurtyouifyouaredoingbusiness,orstudyingorjustlivingandtryingtogetalongwithpeopleinGermanandEnglishspeakingcountries.First,ifyoukeeppeoplewaiting,itseemsasthoughtheirtimeisnotimportant,onlyyourtimeisimportant,andthatdoesn'tmakeanybodyfeelgood.Infact,thetime（weresuppose）consideredakindofsin.Alsoinschool,makesurethatifyou'relate,justgointothelecturehall,quietlyfindaseatandsitdown.Donotinterrupttheteacher'steachingwith"IamsorryIamlate,sir",becausethenitisadoublecrime;firstofallyouarelateandyoushouldn'tbe;secondyouareinterruptingthelecture.Inbusiness,ifyouaregoingtobeconstantlylate,thebosswillhaveaverypoorviewofyou;itcanbeveryserious,indeed.So,asyouarenotkiddinghere.Someofthese（this?

）mayseemfunnytoyou,butitcanmakedifferencebetweenyoursuccessinsocialrelationships,businessandschool.I'mafraidyouhavetotaketimeseriously.

/Mmm,that'ssomethingyoushouldalwaysbearinmind.ButIwasquiteconsideredquiterudeforyoutowalkdirectlyintothelecturehalleventhoughyouwerelate.Ithinkthebestwayistosneakintothe..uhh...thelecturehallorrathertocrawl.

/:

Dhaha.Iwilltellyou,Iwouldusethebackdooriftherewasoneinourlecturehall.Iwouldneveruseasidedoor;Iwoulduseabackdoor,andsneakin,yes.Goodadvice.

___________burstopen,猛然打开，猛然推开，（thedoor）v,

___________esteem,[is'ti:

m]v,n,--->toholdsb.inhigh（great,low）esteem,非常尊重某人，

haveagreat...for

对...大为敬佩

holdsb.inhighesteem

极其尊敬某人

holdsb.ingreatesteem

极其尊敬某人

holdsb.inlowesteem

不尊重某人

inmyesteem

照我看[想]

Toregardwithrespect;prize.

尊重；夸奖

See:

appreciate

Toregardas;consider:

把…看作：

以为：

esteemeditanhonortohelpthem.

把帮助他们看作是一种尊敬

esteem

n.

Favorableregard.

崇敬赞成的尊敬

See:

regard

vt

尊重；尊敬

EsteemedGuestsandFriends!

"尊敬的客人们,朋友们!

"

认为；相信

Ididnotesteemhimtobeworthyoftrust.

我认为他不值得信赖。

Iesteemitasaprivilegetoattendthismeetingandgiveareporthere.

"我能参加这个大会并在这里作报告,感到十分荣幸。

"

Weshallesteemit（as）afavourifyouwillinformussoon.

"如蒙早日通知,不胜感谢。

"

Iesteemitanhonourtovisityouruniversity.

"我能访问你们的大学,感到十分荣幸。

"

下面这个例句和课文中的用法是一样的，

n

尊重；尊敬

AllDavid'sfriendsheldhiminhighesteem.

大卫的朋友对他都很尊重。

___________doctrine,['doktrin]----某某论，某某学说，就用这个字。

doctrine,theory

Aprincipleorbodyofprinciplespresentedforacceptanceorbelief,asbyareligious,political,scientific,orphilosophicgroup;dogma.

教条，教义由宗教、政治或哲学团体提出来要人接受或信仰的原理；教理

Aruleorprincipleoflaw,especiallywhenestablishedbyprecedent.

法律原则尤其由先例形成的法律的原理、规则

Astatementofofficialgovernmentpolicy,especiallyinforeignaffairsandmilitarystrategy.

声明尤其在外交和军事策略中的官方声明

_____________doctrineofthemean,中庸之道，Pan.

___________utilize,

Toputtouse,especiallytofindaprofitableorpracticalusefor.

利用，尤指为…找到一种有益或实用的用途

See:

use

Waterisutilizedforproducingelectricpower.

___________eachandevery,每个，

___________slovenly,--->neat,

Untidy,asindressorappearance.

不修边幅的（衣着或外表）不整洁的

Markedbynegligence;slipshod.

邋遢的以疏忽为特征的；邋遢的

See:

sloppy

adj

邋遢的，不整洁的

马虎的，草率的

adj.,adv.

不修边幅的[地],不整洁的[地];懒散的[地];草率的[地]

Suchslovenlyworkhabitswillneverproducegoodproducts.

这样马马虎虎的工作习惯决不能生产出优质产品来。

___________proceeding,

n.

Acourseofaction;aprocedure.

举动；行动

proceedings

Asequenceofeventsoccurringataparticularplaceoroccasion:

活动在某一特点地点或情况下发生的一系列事件：

watchedtheproceedingsfromaringsideseat.

在赛场外围的座位观看活动

proceedingsabbr:

proc.

Arecordofbusinesscarriedonbyasocietyorotherorganization;minutes.

记录，会议记录学会或其他组织的事务记录；备忘录

Alright,let'sgoaheadandtakealookatthenextparagraph.

Ofcourse,beinglatecansometimesnotbeavoided,asinunexpectedtrafficjams,homeemergencies,orhavingbeengiventhewronginformationofdateorplace.Whentheseall-to-humanmishapsdooccur,itisimportanttoexplainthereasonforbeinglate.Itisalsoagoodidea,ofcourse,toapologizefortheuselesswaiting,andtoassuretheotherorothersthatitwillneverhappenagain.Inthisageofcellphones,everyeffortshouldbemadetocallaheadiftardinessofmorethantenminutesisunavoidable,especially