高考英语提分单元加餐练全国通用版全解析单元加餐练23.docx

高考英语提分单元加餐练全国通用版全解析单元加餐练23.docx

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高考英语提分单元加餐练全国通用版全解析单元加餐练23

单元加餐练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

（2017·北京高考）Hollywood'stheorythatmachineswithevil（邪恶的）mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence（AI）maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awellknownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制论）,putitthisway：

“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere（干预）,wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”

Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:

awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotinborn,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.

Thepossibilityofenteringintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachinesinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork：

wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.

SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheyworkinteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperintelligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphysicistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatomsistalkingmoonshine.”However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutroninduced（中子诱导）nuclearchainreaction.

篇章导读：

本文是一篇议论文。

人工智能随着科技的发展可能超出人类的控制，人类应如何应对此类安全问题，文章对此进行了讨论。

1．Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay________.

A．runoutofhumancontrol

B．satisfyhuman'srealdesires

C．commandarmiesofkillerrobots

D．workfasterthanamathematician

答案：

A　段落大意题。

由第一段中的“artificialintelligence（AI）maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant”并结合本段内容可推断出，第一段主要告诉我们人工智能可能会超出人类的控制。

故选A。

2．Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymightbeableto________.

A．preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyed

B．achievetheiroriginalgoalsindependently

C．doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenorders

D．beathumansininternationalchessmatches

答案：

A　推理判断题。

由第二段第一句“Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,one...associatewithlivingthings:

awishtopreserveitsownexistence.”及该段内容可知，具有特殊用途的机器与生物有联系，部分是因为这种机器可能会防止自己被损害。

故答案选A。

3．Accordingtosomeresearchers，wecanusefirewallsto________.

A．helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetter

B．besecureagainstevilhumanbeings

C．keepmachinesfrombeingharmed

D．avoidrobots'affectingtheworld

答案：

D　细节理解题。

由第三段中的“Someresearchersarguethatwecanseal...neverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.”可知，一些研究者认为，我们可以把这些机器封闭在一种防火墙内，用它们来解决难题，但从不允许它们影响真实世界，故选D项“避免机器人影响世界”。

4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmachines?

A．ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.

B．Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.

C．Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.

D．Itwillstayforadecade.

答案：

C　推理判断题。

由最后一段首句“SolvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.”可知，作者认为，解决超级智能机器的安全问题是可能的，但并非易事。

故选C。

B

Moderntechnologyhasastronginfluenceonmanythingswedo.Infact,technologyisshapingalmosteverypartofourdaytodayexistence,includingeducation.AshokGoelisaprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology.Everytermover300graduatestudentstakehisclassonartificialintelligence（AI）.Thestudentsnevermeetinperson.Alloftheclassestakeplaceonline—throughawebsite.

HavinghundredsofstudentsinaclassmeansAshokGoelhastoanswerthousandsofquestions.Hehaseightteachingassistantstohelphim.Buteventhatisnotenoughtogiveallthestudentsthehelptheyneed.So,inJanuary,hedecidedtotryanexperiment.Atthestartofthespring2016semester,headdedanewmembertohisteachingteam:

JillWatson.Shewasabletoanswerquestionsfasterthanmostotherteachingassistants.Andshewasavailable24hoursaday.ItwasonlyattheendofthesemesterthatGoel'sstudentslearnedWatson'ssecret:

shewasnotarealperson.JillWatsonisanAIcomputerprogram.GoelsaysonlytwostudentscameclosetopredictingWatson'strueidentity.Hewasworriedabouttellinghisstudentsbecausehethoughttheywouldnotlikebeingpartoftheexperiment.ButoncetheylearnedWatson'sidentity,theybecameveryexcited.

“Then,youknowwhathappened?

TheynotonlyaskedthatquestionaboutJill，”“IssheanAI?

OncetheidentityofJillwasrevealed,theyalsoaskedifIwasanAI，”hesaid.

GoelnowusesWatsonintwoclasses,butstilldoesn'ttellhisstudentswhichofhisteachingassistantsisacomputerprogram.Hehopesthistechnologywillmakeiteasierforteacherstocreatetheirprogramstouseinandoutsidetheclassroom.

篇章导读：

本文是一篇记叙文。

全文主要讲述了一个教授在学生问问题太多、忙不过来的时候选择使用人工智能计算机程序来辅助教学的这样一件事，告诉读者科学技术能够使教育变得更容易。

5．HowdoesGoelgivehisstudentshelp?

A．Throughbooks.

B．Bywritingtothem.

C．Byfacetofaceteaching.

D．ThroughtheInternet.

答案：

D　细节理解题。

根据文章第二段中的“Atthestartofthespring2016semester,headdedanewmembertohisteachingteam:

JillWatson....”以及后面的“JillWatsonisanAIcomputerprogram.”可知，Goel利用人工智能计算机程序，给学生提供帮助，为他们解答难题。

故选D。

6．WhydidGoeldecidetotryanexperiment?

A．Becausesomequestionsweredifficultforassitantstoanswer.

B．Becauseitwashardtoanswersomanystudents'questions.

C．Becausehewastootiredtoanswerthosequestions.

D．Becausehewantedtoimprovestudents'selfstudyability.

答案：

B　细节理解题。

根据文章第二段中的前四句可知，因为有几百名学生问问题，即使有8名助教来帮忙，也很难应对。

由此，他决定做一个实验，使用人工智能计算机程序。

故选B。

7．What'sthestudents'responsetoJillWatson?

A．Beingsurprised.B．Beingindifferent.

C．Beingexcited.D．Beingshocked.

答案：

C　细节理解题。

根据文章第二段最后一句“ButoncetheylearnedWatson'sidentity,theybecameveryexcited.”可知，当他们得知了Watson的真实身份，学生们变得兴奋不已。

故选C。

8．What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?

A．TechnologyMakingEducationEasier

B．AshokGoel,aProfessorShapingEducation

C．JillWatson,aRealTeachingAssistant

D．TheInternetHasaStrongImpactonOurLife.

答案：

A　标题判断题。

文章主要讲述了一个教授在学生问问题太多、忙不过来的时候选择使用人工智能计算机程序来帮忙的这样一件事说明科学技术能够使教育变得更容易。

故选A。

Ⅱ.七选五

Youaresittingonthedesk.Ateacheriswritingontheblackboard.Kidsareyellingintheplaygroundoutside.Abookfallsoffthedesknexttoyou.Suddenly,theteacherhandsyouapopquiz.

Don'tpanic!

__1__You'reina“virtual（虚拟的）classroom”.Everythingyouseeandheariscomingtoyouthroughacomputeroperateddisplaythatyou'rewearingonyourheadlikeapairofverybigglasses.Wearingthiskindofvirtualrealityequipment,youcanfindyourselfsittinginaclassroom,touringafamousmuseum,wanderingacrossastrangelandscape,flyingintospace,orplayingwithacartooncharacter.__2__Virtualrealityequipmentthatdeliversimagesandsoundsdirectlytoyoureyesandearsmakesthesefakeworldsseemlifelike.

Unliketheclassroom,thetechnologyisreal.It'satypeoftechnologythatusescomputerprogramstoimitaterealworldsituation.__3__Moviedirectorsandvideogameproducershavebeenusingcomputersforyearstocreateevermorerealisticspecialeffects.Somecompaniesarenowbuildingthreedimensional（三维）fantasyworldsinwhichplayers,linkedbycomputernetworks,appeartomeetandgoonexplorationstogether.

__4__Theyseevirtualrealitytechnologyasausefultoolforlearningmoreaboutwhypeopleactastheydo.Itcouldhelppsychologistsdeteridentifyandcomeupwithsolutionsforbehaviorproblems,forexample.

“We'vespentthelast100yearslookingforcertainlawsinhowpeopleinteractwiththerealworld，”sayspsychologistAlbert.“__5__Thisispsychologist'sdream.”

A．Youaren'tactuallyinschool.

B．Thistechnologyhasbeenusedinmanyfields.

C．Somepsychologistsarealsogettingintotheact.

D．Grownups,too,standachanceofbenefitingfromthistechnology.

E．Aspartofoneclassictest,youwatchlettersflashedonacomputerscreen.

F．Youdon'thavetoleaveyourroomtoexperienceallthatmentionedabove.

G．Now,we'vegotapowerfultoolthatletsuscreateworldsandseehowpeopleperform.

篇章导读：

本文是一篇说明文，讲述了虚拟现实技术。

虚拟现实技术可以让人足不出户就进行各种体验。

这种技术已应用在了很多领域，心理学家们也用这种技术来解决难题。

1．A　根据上文“Don'tpanic！

”及下文“You'reina‘virtual（虚拟的）classroom’．”可知，这一句话应该是要解释为什么不要惊慌。

故选A。

2．F　根据“Wearingthiskindofvirtualrealityequipment,youcanfindyourselfsittinginaclassroom,touringafamousmuseum,wanderingacrossastrangelandscape,flyingintospace,orplayingwith