高考语法专题定语从句.docx
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高考语法专题定语从句
高考语法专题：
定语从句
考纲新研读
考查的重点是介词+关系代词which，whom引导的定语从句；非限制性定语从句也时有考查。
1.限制性定语从句
句子作定语，由关系代词和关系副词引导，被修饰部
分叫先行词。
（1）关系代词：
that,which,who,whom,whose,在句子中
作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
that,指人或物：
whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
thefinger（that）iputintomymouthwasnottheone
（that）i
haddippedintothecup.
which,指物：
achemical’sshopisashopwhichsellsmedicine.（作主语）
thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.（作宾语）
who,whom,whose,指人，分别做主语、宾语和定语：
themanwhovisitedourclassyesterdayisournewheadmaster.
who’stheman（whom）youjusttalkedto?
thisistheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.
介词后指人用whom,指物用which。
介词可提前，也可在后；在后时可用who,that，也可省略：
thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.
=thisistheroom
（which/that）welivedinlastyear.
who’sthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands?
=who’sthe
man（who/whom/that）youjustshookhandswith?
但是固定搭配,介词不能提前：
isthisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor?
（2）关系副词：
when,where,why,在定语从句中分别作时间、地点
和原因状语。
when,指时间：
istillrememberthedaywhen（onwhich）ifirstcametobeijing.
比较：
istillrememberthedaythatispentinbeijing.
where,指地点：
thisisthehousewhere（inwhich）ilivedtwoyearsago.
比较：
thisisthehousethatiboughttwoyearsago.
why,指原因：
在“reason”后：
thereasonwhyhewaslateisthatthecarbrokedownontheway.
比较：
thereasonthathegaveusisnotreasonable.共6页，当前第1页123456
（3）thesame...as;such...as引导的定语从句：
thisisthesamepenasilostyesterday.
youshouldpaymoreattentiontosuchmistakesasyoumadelast
time.
thisissuchaninterestingbookaseveryonelikestoread.
（4）定语从句典例：
lihuaisoneoftheboyswhoareneverlateforschool.
（who指boys）
李华是从不迟到的男孩之一。
lihuaistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoisneverlateforschool.
（who指one）
李华是男孩中唯一从不迟到的。
isthisnewteachingbuildingtheoneyouvisitedlastnight?
（变为陈述句后，is移到building之后。
）
isthisthenewteachingbuildingyouvisitedlastnight?
（变为陈述句后，is移到this之后。
）
whoisthemanthatistalkingwithourteacher?
（为避免重复，用that不用who）
（5）定语从句应注意的几点：
a.that引导的定语从句与that引导的同位语从句的区别：
thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.
（that引导的是定语从句，that作宾语，可省略。
）
thefactthatthechineseinventedthecompassisknownto
all.
（that引导的是同位语从句，that不作成分，不能省略，句子
介绍的是fact的具体内容。
）
b.用that不用which：
两者都可表物，大部分情况可通用，但下
列情况例外：
先行词为all,few,much,little,nothing,everything,anything等：
allthatmustbedonehasbeendone.
thereislittlethaticandoforyou.
先行词被all,few,little,any,thevery,theonly,first，second,
last或形容词的最高级修饰时：
that’stheonlythingthatwecandonow.
thisisthebestnovelthatihaveeverread.
先行词既有人也有物时：
myfatherandhisteachertalkedofthingsandpersons（that）共6页，当前第2页123456
theyrememberedintheschool.
c.用which不用that：
指物，在介词后或引导非限制性定语从句：
i’llneverforgetthedayonwhichijoinedthearmy.
thatwastheway（inwhich）shelookedafterus.
football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedalloverthe
world.
2.非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，而非限制性定语从句
只是附加说明，如果去掉，主句意思仍然清楚。
非限制性定语从
句用逗号与主句隔开，由which,who,whom,whose,where,when、
等引导：
hisbrother,whoisaplaman,wrotetohim.（只有一个哥哥）
hisbrotherwhoisaplamanwrotetohim.（不只一个哥哥）
football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedalloverthe
world.
we’llputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbeso
busy.
hetookoutapieceofpaper,onwhichwerewrittensomewords.
theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.
比较：
“他有两个女儿,其中一个是护士。
”
hehastwodaughters,oneofwhomworksasanurse.
（非限制性定语从句）
hehastwodaughters,andoneofthemworksasanurse.（并列句）
另外，as和which引导非限制性定语从句，可代替整个句子，as指熟知的内容，引导的句子可在句首、句中和句尾；而which指没想到的事情或客观事实，且只能在句尾。
比较：
asisknowntoall,taiwanbelongstochina.
theearth,asweknow,goesaroundthesun.
heisagainsttheidea,ascanbeexpected.
hehastoworkonsundays,whichhedoesn’tlike.
sheremarried,aswehadexpected.
3.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
（1）介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰物时用which不用that,
修饰人时用whom不用who。
例如：
thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.
who’sthecomradewithwhomyoujustshookhands?
（2）注意:
固定搭配,介词不能提前。
例如：
isthisthebookwhichshewaslookingfor?
（3）既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。
例如：
共6页，当前第3页123456
behaviorisamirrorinwhicheveryoneshowshisimage.
lifeisapieceofwhitepaper,onwhicheveryonecanputone
ortwooftheirownwordsdown.
theyarrivedatanoldchurch,infrontofwhichstoodabig
crowdofpeople.
alsopresentweretwoofhiscolleagues,oneofwhomwas
injured.
高考新剖析
1.aperson__________e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeableto
sendorreceiveanye-mails.［XX年高考天津卷］
a.whob.whom c.whosed.whoever
2.myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,________wasverykind
ofhim.［XX年高考全国卷ⅱ］
a.whichb.thatc.whered.it
c
a
3.wewentthroughaperiod_________communicationswerevery
difficultintheruralareas.［XX年高考上海卷］
a.whichb.whose
c.inwhichd.withwhich
4.whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut__________he
saidit.
a.thewayb.inthewaythat
c.inthewayd.thewaywhich
5.anyway,thatevening,__________i’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,
iendedupstayingatrachel’splace.
a.whenb.where c.whatd.which
6.georgeorwell,__________wasericarthur,wrotemany
politicalnovelsandessays.
a.therealnameb.whathisrealname
c.hisrealnamed.whoserealname
c
a
d
d
7.—whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?
—thereisnooneelse__________,isthere?
a.whototurntob.shecanturnto
c.forwhomtoturnd.forhertoturn
8.shewaseducatedatbeijinguniversity,__________shewenton
tohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.共6页，当前第4页123456
a.afterthatb.fromthat
c.fromwhichd.afterwhich
9.hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,__________
wasbeyondhiswildestdream.
a.whichb.thatc.whered.it
10.hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,__________hewent
ontobeijinguniversity.
a.afterwhichb.afterthat
c.inwhichd.inthat
b
d
a
a
精题新探究
•__________isoftenthecasewithchildren,amywas
completelybetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.
a.thatb.whichc.asd.it
2.thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames__________ihaveeverseen.
a.whereb.thatc.whatd.which
3.thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear,__________uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.
a.inwhichb.forwhich
c.withwhichd.ofwhom
4.children,inmyopinion,__________creativeabilityisunthinkablyrich,isseldomtakennoticeofbyus,__________shouldbetrainedinthatarea.
a.which;thatb.whose;which
c.which;whichd.whose;that
c
b
d
b
5.atlast,thethiefhadtohandineverything__________hehad
stolentothepolice.
a.whichb.whatc.whateverd.that
6.__________isknowntotheworld,china’sliuxiangbecame
thefirstasianinhistorytowinthemen’s110mhurdlesatthe
olympicgames.
a.thatb.whichc.asd.it
7.idon’tknowthereason__________youwereabsentfromthe
meeting,butiamnotsurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason
__________youhaven’ttoldme.共6页，当前第5页123456
a.why;thatb.that;why
c.because;whyd.ofwhich;that
8.whenshecamebackfromabroad,lucytoldusaboutthe
citiesandthepeople__________shehadvisited.
a.thatb.whoc.whered.which
d
c
a
a
9.becauseofthetrafficjam__________iwascaught,iwaslatefor
themeeting.
a.bywhichb.inwhich
c.thatd.where
10.inmyhometown,thereisamysteriousdarkhole,__________
depthhasneverbeenmeasured.
a.thatb.wherec.which d.whose
11.onthewhole,thetime__________thestudentsdevotetothe
gameintheinternetcafeswithoutdoubthasagreateffectonthe
studyintheschool.
a.inwhichb.onwhich
c.whend.that
12.canyouthinkofsomecases_________studentsobviouslyknow
theproblemsbutcan’tworkthemout?
a.asb.where c.whyd.which
b
d
d
b
13.alicestoodinfrontofthewindow,__________shecouldwatch
herclassmatesplayingfootball.
a.fromthereb.where
c.fromwhered.there
14.shekepttellingherfathertopayattentiontohisownhealth,
__________,infact,didn’thelpatall.
a.whichb.hec.itd.while
15.jackierobinsonwilliamshopedtobecomeasfamousasthe
player__________hewasnamed.
a.afterwhomb.which
c.aswhod.that
c
a
a
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