土木毕业设计外文翻译原文翻译桥梁.docx

土木毕业设计外文翻译原文翻译桥梁.docx

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土木毕业设计外文翻译原文翻译桥梁

外文文献原文

Thebridgecrackproducedthereasontosimplyanalyse

Inrecentyears,thetrafficcapitalconstructionofourprovincegetsswiftandviolentdevelopment,allpartshavebuiltalargenumberofconcretebridges.Inthecourseofbuildingandusinginthebridge,relevanttoinfluenceprojectqualityleadofcommonoccurrencereportthatbridgecollapseevenbecausethecrackappearsTheconcretecanbesaidto"oftenhaveillnesscomingon"whilefracturingand"frequently-occurringdisease",oftenperplexbridgeengineersandtechnicians.Infact,iftakecertaindesignandconstructionmeasure,alotofcrackscanbeovercomeandcontrolled.Forstrengthenunderstandingofconcretebridgecrackfurther,isitpreventprojectfromendangerlargercracktotryone'sbest,thistextmakeanmoreoverallanalysis,summarytoconcretekindandreasonofproduction,bridgeofcrackasmuchaspossible,inordertodesign,constructandfindoutthefeasiblemethodwhichcontrolthecrack,gettheresultoftakingprecautionsagainstYuWeiRan.

Concretebridgecrackkind,origincauseofformationInfact,theorigincauseofformationoftheconcretestructurecrackiscomplicatedandvarious,evenmanykindsoffactorsinfluenceeachother,buteverycrackhasitsoneorseveralkindsofmainreasonsproduced.Thekindoftheconcretebridgecrack,onitsreasontoproduce,canroughlydivideseveralkindsasfollows:

（1）loadthecrackcausedConcreteinroutinequiet.

Isitloadtomoveandcrackthatproduceclaimtoloadthecrackunderthetimesofstressbridge,summinguphasdirectstresscracks,twokindsstresscrackoncesmainly.Directstresscrackrefertooutsideloaddirectcrackthatstressproducethatcause.Thereasonwhythecrackproducesisasfollows,1,Designthestageofcalculating,doesnotcalculateorleaksandcalculatespartlywhilecalculatinginstructure;Calculatethemodelisunreasonable;Thestructureissupposedandaccordedwithbystrengthactuallybystrength;Loadandcalculateorleakandcalculatefew;Internalforceandmatchingthemistakeincomputationofmuscle;Safetycoefficientofstructureisnotenough.Donotconsiderthepossibilitythatconstructatthetimeofthestructuraldesign;Itisinsufficienttodesignthesection;Itissimplylittleandassigningthemistakeforreinforcingbartosetup;Structurerigidityisinsufficient;Constructanddealwithimproperly;Thedesigndrawingcannotbeexplainedclearlyetc..2,Constructionstage,doesnotpileupandconstructthemachines,materiallimiting;Isitprefabricatestructurestructurereceivestrengthcharacteristic,standup,isithang,transport,installtogetupatwilltounderstand;Constructnotaccordingtothedesigndrawing,altertheconstructionorderofthestructurewithoutauthorization,changethestructureandreceivethestrengthmode;Donotdothetiredintensitycheckingcomputationsundermachinevibrationandwaittothestructure.3,Usingstage,theheavy-dutyvehiclewhichgoesbeyondthedesignloadpassesthebridge;Receivethecontact,strikingofthevehicle,shipping;Strongwind,heavysnow,earthquakehappen,explodeetc..Stresscrackoncemeansthestressofsecondarycausedbyloadingoutsideproducesthecrack.Thereasonwhythecrackproducesisasfollows,1,Indesignoutsideloadfunction,becauseactualworkingstateandroutine,structureofthingcalculatehavediscrepancyorisitconsidertocalculate,thuscausestressoncetocausethestructuretofractureinsomeposition.Twoisitjoinbridgearchfootisitisitassign"X"shapereinforcingbar,cutdownthisplaceway,sectionofsizedesignandcutwithscissorsatthesametimetoadoptoftentodesigntocutwithscissors,theorycalculateplacethiscanstorecurvedsquarein,butrealityshouldisitcanresistcurvedstilltocutwithscissors,sothatpresentthecrackandcausethereinforcingbarcorrosion.2,Bridgestructureisitdigtrough,turnonhole,setupoxleg,etc.toneedoften,difficulttouseaaccurateonediagrammatictoisitisitcalculatetoimitatetogoonincalculatinginroutine,setupandreceivethestrengthreinforcingbaringeneralfoundationexperience.Studieshaveshown,afterbeingdugtheholebythestrengthcomponent,itwillproducethediffractionphenomenonthatstrengthflows,intensiveneartheholeinautensil,producedtheenormousstresstoconcentrate.Inlongtostepprestressingforceofthecontinuousroofbeam,oftenblockthesteelbunchaccordingtotheneedsofsectioninternalforceinstepping,setuptheanchorhead,butcanoftenseethecrackintheanchorfirmsectionadjacentplace.Soifdealwithimproper,incornerorcomponentformsuddenchangeoffice,blockplacetobeeasytoappearcrackstrengthreinforcingbarofstructurethe.Intheactualproject,stresscrackonceproducedthemostcommonreasonwhichloadsthecrack.Stresscrackoncebelongtoonemorepieceofnatureofdrawing,splittingoff,shearing.Stresscrackonceisloadedandcaused,onlyseldomcalculateaccordingtotheroutinetoo,butwithmoderntocalculateconstantperfectionofmeans,timesofstresscracktocanaccomplishreasonablecheckingcomputationstoo.Forexampletosuchstresses2timesofproducingasprestressingforce,creeping,etc.,department'sfiniteelementprocedurecalculateslevelspolecorrectlynow,butmoredifficult40yearsago.Inthedesign,shouldpayattentiontoavoidingstructuresuddenchange（orsectionsuddenchange）,whenitisunabletoavoid,shoulddopartdealwith,cornerforinstance,makeroundhorn,suddenchangeofficemakeintothegradationzonetransition,isitisitmixmuscletoconstructtostrengthenatthesametime,cornermixagainobliquetoreinforcingbar,astolargeholeinautensilcansetupprotectingintheperimeteratthetermsofhavinganglesteel.Loadthecrackcharacteristicinaccordancewithloadingdifferentlyandpresentingdifferentcharacteristicsdifferently.Thecrackappearpersonwhodrawmore,thecuttingareaortheseriouspositionofvibration.Mustpointout,isitgetupcoverorhavealongkeepintoshortcrackofdirectiontoappearpersonwhopress,oftenthestructurereachesthesignofbearingtheweightofstrengthlimit,itisanomenthatthestructureisdestroyed,itsreasonisoftenthatsectionalsizeispartialandsmall.Receivethestrengthwaydifferentlyaccordingtothestructure,thecrackcharacteristicproducedisasfollows:

1,Thecentreisdrawn.Thecrackrunsthroughthecomponentcrosssection,theintervalisequalonthewhole,andisperpendiculartoreceivingthestrengthdirection.Whileadoptingthewhorlreinforcingbar,lieinthesecond-classcracknearthereinforcingbarbetweenthecracks.2,Thecentreispressed.Itisparallelontheshortanddenseparallelcrackwhichreceivethestrengthdirectiontoappearalongthecomponent.3,Receivecurved.Mostnearthelargesectionfromborderisitappearanddrawintodirectionverticalcracktobeginpersonwhodrawcurvedsquare,anddeveloptowardneutralizationaxlegradually.Whileadoptingthewhorlreinforcingbar,canseeshortersecond-classcrackamongthecracks.Whenthestructurematchesmusclesless,therearefewbutwidecracks,fragilitydestructionmaytakeplaceinthestructure4,Pressedbigandpartial.Heavytopressandmixpersonwhodrawmusclealessonelighttopigeonholeintothecomponentwhilebeingpartialwhilebeingpartial,similartoreceivingthecurvedcomponent.5,Pressedsmallandpartial.Smalltopressandmixpersonwhodrawmuscleamoreoneheavytopigeonholeintothecomponentwhilebeingpartialwhilebeingpartial,similartothecentreandpressedthecomponent.6,Cut.Pressobliqulywhenthehoopmuscleistoodenseanddestroy,theobliquecrackwhichisgreaterthan45?

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directionappearsalongthebellyofroofbeamend;Isitisitisitdestroytopresstocuttohappenwhenthehoopmuscleisproper,underpartisitinvite45?

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directionparallelobliquecrackeachothertoappearalongroofbeamend.7,Sprained.Componentonesidebellyappearmanydirectionobliquecrack,45?

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oftreaty,first,andtolaunchwithspiraldirectionbeingadjoint.8,Washedandcut.4sideisitinvite45?

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directioninclinedplanedrawandsplittotakeplacealongcolumncapboard,formthetangentplaneofwashing.9,Someandispressed.Sometoappearpersonwhopressdirectionroughlyparallellargeshortcrackswithpressure.

（2）crackcausedintemperaturechange

Theconcretehasnatureofexpandingwithheatandcontractwithcold,lookonastheexternalenvironmentconditionorthestructuretemperaturechanges,concretetakeplaceoutofshape,ifoutofshapetorestrainfrom,producethestressinthestructure,producethetemperaturecrackpromptlywhenexceedingconcretetensilestrengthinstress.Insomebeingheavytostepfoot-pathamongthebridge,temperaturestresscanisitgobeyondlivingyearstresseventoreach.Thetemperaturecrackdistinguishesthemaincharacteristicofothercrackswillbevariedwithtemperatureandexpandedorclosedup.Themainfactorisasfollows,tocausetemperatureandchange1,Annualdifferenceintemperature.Temperatureischangingconstantlyinfourseasonsinoneyear,butchangerelativelyslowly,theimpactonstructureofthebridgeismainlytheverticaldisplacementwhichcausesthebridge,canpropupseatmoveorsetupflexiblemound,etc.nottoconstructmeasurecoordinate,throughbridgefloorexpansionjointgenerally,cancausetemperaturecrackonlywhenthedisplacementofthestructureislimited,forexamplearchedbridge,justbrid