大学英语I全新版大学英语综合教程I Unit 3.docx
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大学英语I全新版大学英语综合教程IUnit3
Unit3Understandingscience
TextAPublicAttitudestowardsScience
I.Revision
Wordsandphrasesinlastunit
IIPre-readingactivities
1.Brainstormsomeofthescientificandtechnologicalinventions
Scientificandtechnologicalinventions
Q1:
Inwhatwayhavescienceandtechnologychangedtheworldwelivein?
Q2:
Inwhatwaydoessciencechangeourlifefortheworse?
Q3:
Whatelsecanbedonetoeducatethepublicaboutscience?
Q4:
Doalltheseinventionsalwayschangeourlifeforthebetter?
Giveexamplestoexplainyouropinion.
Television
Changesforthebetter?
-----Quickandeasywaytoinformation,education,entertainment,etc.
Changesfortheworse?
-----Exposechildrentoviolence;
Deprivepeopleofthewilltocommunicatewitheachother
2.Warm-upQuestions
EnjoythevideoabouttheauthorStephenHawkingandthinkoverthefollowingquestions.
Q1.WhoisStephenHawking?
Q2.Whatquestionsinteresthim?
Q3.Whatmakeshisachievementsoremarkable?
Q4.Howdidhespeaktopeoplenow?
1.WhoisStephenHawking?
vHeisperhapsthemostwell-knownscientistsinceEinstein.
2.Whatquestionsinteresthim?
vThebigquestions,suchasHowdidtheuniversebegin?
Whyistheuniversethewayitis?
Howwillitend?
3.Whatmakeshisachievementsoremarkable?
vThecontrastbetweenthestrengthofhismindandtheweaknessofhisbody.
4.Howdidhespeaktopeoplenow?
vHenowusesacomputerthatenableshimtoselectwordsandthenturnthemintospeech.
3.Abouttheathor
vStephenHawking(1942~):
Britishtheoreticalphysicistandmathematician
v---1966EarnedhisPh.D.degreeattheUniversityofCambridge.
v---1977Becameaprofessorofphysics.
v---1979AppointedLucasianProfessorofMathematics(卢卡斯数学教授)atCambridge,
vMainAchievements:
blackhole(黑洞),ABriefHistoryofTime(时间简史).
IIIGlobalStudyoftheText
Parts
Paragraphs
MainIdea
PartOne
Paras1-3
Tomakeinformeddecisionsaboutchange,thepublicneedsabasicunderstandingofscience.
PartTwo
Paras4-6
Whatcanbedonetoeducatethepublicaboutscience
PartThree
Para7
Withaninformedpublic,humancivilizationwillsurvive.
IVNewwords
1:
attitude
短语:
takeanattitudeof……采取……的态度
attitudetowards…….对…….的态度
2:
likelya.possible,probable→反义词:
impossible,unlikely
ad.probably,possibly→反义词:
impossibly
短语:
Itislikelythat...
衍生词:
likelihoodn.可能,可能性
例句:
Itislikelythatherfatherwillnotconsent.
3:
Privilege
意思:
特权
短语:
enjoyprivileges享受特权
grantsb.theprivilegeofdoingsth.赋予某人做某事的特权
典型考题:
Onlyguestsofthehotelenjoytheofbowlingonthe9thfloor.
A.favorB.possibilityC.privilegeD.advantage
答案为C。
译文:
只有本旅店的客人才享有在九楼打保龄球的特权。
favor好意,喜爱possibility可能性;advantage优势,有利条件;privilege特权,特许
4:
minorityn.少数,少数派,少数民族
反义词:
majority
短语:
beintheminority占少数
例句:
Theworldwantspeace;onlyaminoritywant(s)thewartocontinue.
Theminoritynationalityconcertlastedtwohours.
少数民族音乐会持续了两个小时。
5:
highlyad.
意思:
very:
很,非常
Eg:
Itishighlyimportantforustointegratetheorywithpractice.
短语:
speakhighlyof赞扬
thinkhighlyof看重,器重
eg:
Hespokeveryhighlyofher.
6:
competitionn.
短语:
be(stand)incompetitionwithsb.for为...和某人竞争
Eg:
Hewasincompetitionwith10othersforthejob.为得到这份工作他与10个人展开竞争。
cut-throatcompetition你死我活的竞争,残酷的竞争
putsb.intocompetitionwith使某人与...竞争
衍生:
competevi.竞争,竞赛
competence/-encyn.能力
competenta.有能力的,胜任的
competentlyad.
competitivea.竞争的
competitorn.竞争者
区分:
competition,contest
competition指“技巧或能力”的比赛,如:
Hewontheskatingcompetition.
contest尤指参赛者“各自献技”并由评判员进行评判的比赛,
eg:
Shemadeuphermindtotakepartinthebeautycontest(folksongcontest).她决定参加选美比赛(民歌比赛)。
7:
initiative
意思:
首创精神,主动
短语:
taketheinitiativeindoingsth:
率先做某事,主动做某事,开始做某事
havetheinitiative掌握主动权;有优先权
onone’sowninitiative主动地
initiativespirit主动精神
典型考题:
Hetookthebyspeakingfirstatthemeeting.
A.benefitB.initiativeC.informationD.advice
答案为B。
译文:
他主动在会上第一个发言。
taketheinitiative采取主动;taketheadvice接受劝告;与题意不符。
衍生:
initiationn.开始,创始;initiatorn.创始人,发起人
8:
ensurevt.
意思:
makesure(certain),insure
例句:
1)Thismedicinewillensureyouagoodnight’ssleep.
2)Comeearlytoensuregettingagoodseat.
区分:
assureensureinsureguarantee
assure用来指人,有“使某人放心”的意思:
eg:
Heassuredmethathehadfinished.他向我保证他已经完成了。
insure(与against连用)保险
eg:
Itisadvisabletoinsureyourlifeagainstaccident.最好参加人寿保险,以防意外
ensure使…必然发生,保证,确保
guarantee表示“品质保证”,即承担物品质量或性能的责任,
eg:
Thistypeofwatchisguaranteedforthreeyear.这种类型的表保修三年。
9:
inform:
意思:
tell,givenotice:
告诉,通知
短语:
informsbofsth通知某人……
Bewellinformedaboutsth精通某事,对某事消息灵通
衍生:
informeda.见多识广的,有知识的(awell-informedman消息灵通人士)
informern.通知的人
10:
accurate
意思:
a.correct,exact
反义词:
inaccurate,incorrect,inexact
短语:
beaccuratein在(某方面)准确
例句:
1)Thisisanaccuratestatementofwhathappenedyesterday.
这是对昨天所发生事情的精确叙述。
2)Sheisalwaysaccurateinwhatshesaysanddoes.
她的言行总是正确无误。
11:
tend
意思:
vi.incline,lean趋向,趋势
例句:
Pricesaretendingupwardthesedays.近来物价趋涨。
短语:
tendtodosth.趋向做某事
衍生:
tendencyn.倾向,趋势
12.responsibility
意思:
n.责任;职责
短语:
bearresponsibilityfor对...负有责任
takefullresponsibilityfor对...负完全责任
衍生:
responsiblea.有责任的,可靠的(beresponsiblefor…..)
13:
contact
意思:
vt.getin(into)touchwith与….接触
短语:
beincontactwith和...接触,有联系
beoutofcontactwith和...失去联系
losecontactwith和...失去联系,离开
V.DetailedStudyoftheText
Para1
原句1:
Whetherwelikeitornot,theworldweliveinhaschangedagreatdealinthelasthundredyears,anditislikelytochangeevenmoreinthenexthundred.(para.1)
译文:
无论我们是否愿意,我们生活的世界在过去—百年间已经变化了许多,而且在未来的—百年里可能变化更多。
说明:
(1)Whether引导让步状语从句,表示“不管…”。
(2)welivein为定语从句,其现行词为theworld。
(3)itislikelyto...中的it指代上句中的theworldwelivein
原句2:
Itwasnotsobadforaprivilegedminority,thougheventheyhadtodowithoutmodernmedicine,andchildbirthwashighlyriskyforwomen.Butforthevastmajorityofthepopulation,lifewasnasty,brutish,andshort.
1)dowithout:
用法:
没有也行,将就:
Therewasnotelevisionontheisland,butwesoonlearnedtodowithout.岛上没有电视,可不久我们就适应了
典型考题:
Heisreallyabookworm.Hecan’tbooks.
A.dowithB.makedowithC.doawaywithD.dowithout
答案为D。
译文:
他正是个书虫。
没书简直会要他得命。
dowith能对付,需要;makedowith设法应付;doawaywith结束;dowithout没有也行。
2)Fillintheblank
Life
disadvantages
minority
better
withoutmodernmedicine,and
childbirthwashighlyriskyforwomen
majority
nasty,brutish,andshort
3)Translatethesentence
过去对享有特权的少数人不算太糟,但即便他们也无从享受现代医疗,而生育对妇女来说风险极大。
对占人口大多数的民众而言,生活是艰难、残忍而又短暂的。
TrueorFalse
1:
Theworldwelivehaschangedalittleinthelasttwohundredyears.(F)
2:
Allthepeoplewouldliketogobacktothepurerandsimplerage.(F)
3.Ashistoryshows,thepastwasaswonderfulasthepresent.(F)
Para2
DifficultSentences
原句1.Anyway,evenifonewantedto,onecouldn'tputtheclockbacktoanearlierage..(para.2)
译文:
不管怎样,即使有人想这么做,他也无法将时钟拨回到早先的时代。
说明:
(1)evenifintroducedadverbialclauseofcondition,omitted:
evenifonewantedtostopthesechangesandgobacktowhattheyseeasapurerandsimplerage。
Eg:
Iaskedthemtostaytillthenextday,buttheydidn'twantto.
我请他们呆到第二天,但他们不愿意。
Icouldnotfindhim,thoughItriedto.尽管我努力寻找但仍没找到他。
(2)puttheclockbackto:
returntoasituationthatusedtoexist,usuallybecausethepresentsituationisunpleasant把钟拨慢;倒退,开倒车
Anyeffortstotrytoputtheclockbackwillcometonogoodend.
任何倒行逆施的企图都不会有好下场。
原句2:
Knowledgeandtechniquescan’tjustbeforgotten.Norcanonepreventfurtheradvancesinthefuture.
Q:
Whyisthissentencereversed?
Theword“nor”hereappearsatthebeginningofthesentence.
倒装句:
具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首时用倒装。
Never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,notuntil,bynomeans,neither(nor),notonly….butalso,etc.
Eg:
NorwillIdenythat.
原句3.Theonlywaytopreventfurtherdevelopmentswouldbeaglobalstatethatsuppressedanythingnew,andhumaninitiativeandinventivenessaresuchthateventhiswouldn'tsucceed.(para.2)
1)该句第一分句使用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,第二句为混合语气:
现在时与虚拟语气并用。
(注意本句中两个并列句中的时态,第一句中由于建立一个压制任何新事物的全球政府的不可能性,以及起阻碍科学进步的不可能成功,因此采用了蓄积预期,由would表示;第二具体到了人类的进取心与创造力是如此旺盛,是事实,所以不用虚拟预期,由are表示。
)
3)What’sthefunctionof“and”?
Means“but”
Eg:
Heissorichandliveslikeabeggar.
3)Whatdoesthestructure“suchthat”heremean?
Thestructureisusedtogiveanexplanationforsomething.
Herangerwassuchthatshelostcontrolofherself.
4)Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?
_____cansuppressanythingnew,ashumaninitiativeandinventivenessdoexist.
A:
NowayB:
someways
译文:
惟—能阻止进一步发展的办法或许是一个压制任何新事物的全球政府,但人类的进取心与创造力如此旺盛,即便这个政府也不会成功。
TrueorFalse
1:
Thoughpeoplecan’tgobacktotheirearlierage,theycanpreventfurtheradvancesinthefuture.(F)
2:
Ifthegovernmentcutoffthemoneyforscienceresearch,technologywouldstopadvancing.(F)
QuestionsandAnswers
Q1:
Whatwouldhappenifallgovernmentmoneyforresearchwerecutoff?
Theforceofcompetitionwouldstillbringaboutadvancesintechnologyifallgovernmentmoneyforresearchwerecutoff.
Q2:
Isitpossibletopreventscienceandtechnologyfromfurtherdevelopment?
Whyorwhynot?
No.Theonlywaytopreventfurtherdevelopmentswouldbeaglobalstatethatsuppressedanythingnew,andhumaninitiativeandinventivenessaresuchthateventhiswouldnotsucceed.
Para3
DifficultSentences
原句1:
Ifwethatwecan’tpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttrytoensurethatchangesthattheymakeareintherightdirection.
→wecan’tpreventthechanges,butwecanmakethechangesaredevelopingintherightdir