中考英语动词专项讲解与练习+常见动词短语导学案.docx
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中考英语动词专项讲解与练习+常见动词短语导学案
中考英语动词专项讲解与练习+常见动词短语导学案
动词
一、动词的种类:
四种
(一)行为动词(如playstudyrun)有具体动作意义
(二)连系动词(如isamaregetfeelkeepstay)等,
后+形容词作表语
(三)情态动词(如canmaymustshouldwould)等,表示禁止、命令、请求等意义,+动词原形
(四)助动词(如be+v–ing中的be;Doyou….?
中的do;Hedoesn’tlike.中的doesn’t;Didyouhave….?
中的did)只起语法作用,无意义,不必翻译
二、动词的形式:
(一)动词原形如playstudyrun
(二)动词过去式如playedstudiedran
(三)动词三单形式如playsstudiesruns
(四)动词ing形式(也叫动名词或现在分词)如playingstudyingrunning
(五)动词不定式(即to+动词原形)如toplaytostudytorun
三、选择动词正确形式的方法
(一)主语后需填动词时,注意动词的时态,主要从该句中的时间状语来判断,有时也要从上下语境来判断。
如I(like)comedies,butIdon’tlikethrillers从后句Idon’tlike可判断前句是一般现在时,所以根据主语I填入like的原形
注意常见的时态有:
1、一般现在时,常与often;always.onceaweekeveryday等词或短语连用
2、现在进行时,主语+be+v-ing形式,常与look,listen,overtherenow祈使句等连用
3、一般将来时用现在进行时来表示即主语+be+ving形式,常与nextSundaytomorrowforvacation等词连用
4.一般过去时常与yesterdaylastyear,longbefore等词连用
根据上面提示,完成下列句子
1LilaisanEnglishgirl,butshe______(like)BeijingOpera
2.Look!
Thestudents________(play)basketballoverthere.
3What________they______(do)fortheirvacation?
4How____(be)theweatherinShanghai?
Itwasrainy
5_______you______(go)fishingwithZhanghua?
Yes,Idid.
6.Areyou______(feel)well?
No,Doctor.
(二)如果主语后谓语不缺少,则考虑特殊动词后的用法。
下面我们来介绍接todo,doing和do原形的特殊动词,动词短语和句型
(1)接todo形式的动词有:
1wanttodosth.想要做某事`````wantsb.todosth.想让某人做某事``````
2helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事````3needtodosth.需要做``````4plantodosth.计划做5hopetodosth.希望做````6trytodosth..尽量做```````
`7decidetodosth.决定做```````8It’stime(forsb.)todosth.(该某人)做````的时间9I’msorrytohearthat+句子听到`````很难过10havetodosth.必须做`````11wouldliketodosth.=wanttodosth.想要做```````
12forgettodosth.忘记做``````13remembertodosth.记住要去做(区别rememberdoing)``````
14asksb.todosth.请求/要求某人做``````15It’skindofyoutodosth谢谢你做`````
16Ittakessb.(宾语)一段时间todosth.花费某人一段时间做``````
17It’s+形容词+(forsb.)+todosth.(对于某人而言)做`````很`````
完成下面练习
1Whatdoeshewant_____(be)?
Anurse2Hey,Tom.It’stime______(take)walks.
3Isiteasy____(keep)abalanceofyinandyang?
4Wheredoyouplan____(spend)yourvacation?
5You.’reoftenlateforschool.Canyoutry_____(get)toschoolearly?
6Letmehelpyou_____--(find)yourwatch.7Whatwouldyoulike______(eat)?
Noodles.
8Beijingisagoodplace______(have)fun.
9Iamsothirsty,couldyougivemesomething_____(drink)?
10Weneedto
havehealthyfood_______(keep)healthy(动词不定式作目的状语为了`````).
(2)后接doing形式的有:
1.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做`````/享受做```的乐趣2.finishdoingsth.完成做``````
3.stopdoingsth停止做`````4.practicedoingsth练习做``````.
5.sb.+spendstime(in)doingsth.某人花费时间做``````
6.havefundoingsth.做````很有趣7.bebusydoingsth.忙于做``````
8.begoodatdoingsth.=dowellindoingsth..擅长于做```````
9.thanksfordoingsth.谢谢你做`````10.keepdoingsth.坚持做````
11.Howaboutdoingsth.?
=Whataboutdoingsth.?
````怎么样(用来提建议)?
完成下面的练习
1Theyallenjoyed_______(camp)yesterday.2Pleasefinish_______(make)cakes!
3Don’tstop______(practice)theEnglishconversations.
4Youshouldpractice_______(swim)alotifyouwanttostayhealthy.
5Thailandisabeautifulcountry.Howabout_______(go)thereand_____(visit)it?
.
6Wereyouoftenbusy______(surf)theInternetlastyear?
YesIwas
7DidMaryhavefun_______(hike)inthemountainslastFriday?
8Theyaregoodat______(speak)Japanese.9.Tina,Thanksfor_______(help)me
★★★表示做某事是一种习惯,爱好时也可用v–ing形式,或作句子的主语如:
Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.或作句子的表语如:
Myhobbyisplayingbasketball
★★★在某些固定短语中也用v–ing形式如:
dosomereading/cleaning/washing/shopping…..还有goshopping/swimming/hiking/bikeriding/sightseeing/fishing/boating/camping./skateboarding/skiing(滑雪)….
(3)既可接v-ing形式,还可接to形式,且意义相同的动词有likedoing=liketodo,startdoing=starttodo;begintodo=begindoingremember/forget/stop
(4)后接动词原形有:
1使役动词如:
makelet等词后,它们的意义为使,叫,让
2情态动词如:
can,could,may,must,would,should等词后
3祈使句中,如:
-Jane,_______(come)here,please.-OK,Mary
Don’t________(forget)tocloseyourdoor.
★★★祈使句的否定形式有两种表示方法如:
Don’tsmokehere=Nosmokinghere但是第二种形式多用于公共场合
4Let’s+v原形(用来提建议)
5Whynot+v原形?
(用来提建议)=Whydon’tyou+v原形?
完成下列句子
1Icould______(read)abookwhenIwas4yearsold.
2Canyouplease________(write)tomesoon?
3Youshould_______(lie)downandrestwhenyouarestressedout.
4Thesadmoviemadeeveryone_______(cry)
5Thatmakesme________(feel)happy.
动词专项练习
()1.--HowlongmayI______yourbook?
--Foraweek.Butyoumusn’t______ittoothers.
A.borrow;lendB.keep;lendC.lend;borrowD.keep;borrow
()2.Itwon’t______themmuchtimetoflytoBeijingfromShanghai.
A.spendB.useC.takeD.pay
()3.MrWang______beinNanjingnow,hewenttoBeijingonlythismorning.
A.mustn’tbeB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t
()4.–DoyoulikethemusictheMoonlightSonata?
--Yes,it______reallybeautiful.
A.FeelsB.soundsC.listensD.hears
()5.Lilyfinished_______thebookyesterday.A.readB.readingC.toreadD.reads
()6.MrsBrownisn’there.Shehasto______herbabyathome.
A.lookatB.lookforC.looklikeD.lookafter
()7.Ihavetogonow.pleaserememberto_______thelightswhenyouleave.
A.turnoffB.turndownC.turnupD.turnon
()8.Susan’sparentshaveboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpool.It_______beveryexpensive.
A.mustB.canC.mustn’tD.can’t
()9.–It’stoohot.Wouldyoumind_______thedoor?
--_______.Pleasedoitnow.
A.toopen;OKB.opening;Certainlynot
C.opening;OfcourseD.toopen;Goodidea
()10.Iwantto_______thisbookforamonth.
A.borrowB.keepC.lendD.get
()11.–Howmanytimes_______you_______toBeijingthisyear?
--Threetimes.
A.have;beenB.had;beenC.have;goneD.had;gone
()12.Whatanicebag!
Butshe_______onlythirtydollarsforit.
A.costB.tookC.spendD.paid
()13.Cotton_______niceandsoft.
A.isfeltB.isfeelingC.feelD.feels
()14.Ithinkthisisthebestwaytosolvetheproblem.Doyou_______me?
A.playwithB.hearofC.agreewith
D.getonwellwith
()15.–Guesswhoiscomingtosupper.–Idon’tknow._______me.
A.SpeakB.SayC.TellD.Talk
()16.Please_______yourphonesherewithyoutomorrow.
A.takeB.bringC.carryD.lift
()17.Don’t_______yourlessons.We’llhelpyou.
A.worryB.worriedaboutC.beworriedaboutD.beafraid
()18.Thewindowisbroken.Tryto_______whobrokeit.
A.findoutB.findC.lookD.lookfor
()19.Hecould_______neitherFrenchnorGerman.SoI______withhiminEnglish.
A.speak;talkedB.talk;toldC.say;spokeD.tell;talked
()20.Theticketisonthefloor.Wouldyouplease_______forme?
A.pickitupB.pickupitC.pickupthemD.pickthemup
()21.Ifyoudon’tknowaword,youmust_______thewordinadictionary.
A.lookupB.lookdownC.lookoverD.lookout
()22.It’stimeforclass.We’dbetter_______.
A.stoptotalkB.tostoptotalkC.stoptalkingD.tostoptalking
()23.Therewasastrangesoundoutside.Marywentoutand_______around,butshe_______nothing.
A.looked;sawB.saw;sawC.watched;lookedD.looked;find
()24.Thewoman_______thechildquicklyandtookhimtohospital.
A.putonB.dressedC.hadonD.waswearing
()25.–Oh,youpaintedthewallsyourself?
--Yes.Itwasnothard.Thewholeworkdidn’t_______much.
A.wantB.costC.spendD.pay
()26.--_______allyourthings,Tom!
Ihatethemhereandthere.–OK,Mum.A.PutupB.PutonC.PutdownD.Putaway
()27.Yukiloveswearingstrangehatsbecauseshewantspeopleto_______her.A.believeB.controlC.noticeD.visit
()28._______!
It’sthemusicofMozart.Bequiet.A.HearB.SoundC.SingD.Listen
()29.–Theroomissodirty._______wecleanit?
--Ofcourse.A.WillB.WouldC.Do
D.Shall
()30.Wemustdosomethingtostoppeoplefrom_______.
A.tothrowlitteraboutB.tothrowlitterintoC.throwinglitteraboutD.throwinglitterinto
情态动词专项练习
Exercise1:
Circlethebestanswer.
1.Look!
Thelightisoutinherroom.She____tobedalready.
a.mustgob.hadtogoc.musthavegoned.hasgone
2.OurChineseteacherissixty-six.Oh,no.She_____oversixty,Ithink.
a.isb.mustn'tbec.can'tbed.shouldn'tbe
3.Theyhurriedsothatthey_____notmisstheetrain.
a.mightb.shouldc.oughtd.could
4.I_____gohomeabitlatertonightthancomeagaintomorrow.
a.wouldratherb.hadtoc.hadbetterd.must
5.Let'shurryorwe'llbelate.Idon'tthinkwe______togorightnow,it'sonlyeight.
a.oughtb.havec.needd.should
6.You_____smokemore.Itwillmakeyousick.
a.shouldn’tb.can'tc.don'thaved.wouldn't
7.Wehadawonderfultimeyesterday.You______.Whydidn'tyoucome?
a.hadtocomeb.shouldhavecomec.mighthavecomed.musthavecome
8.I______leavehomealoneatnightwithoutpermission.
a.don’tdareb.daren'tc.haven'ttod.daren'tto
9.This_____Bill'shouse.It'snumber101.Oh,Idon'tthinkso.Hesaidalargewhitehousebutthisis
asmallyellowone.
a.canbeb.mustbec.maybed.maybe
10.Studentsshouldn'tforgettostudy.They_____todotheirhomeworkeveryday.
a.oughtb.shouldc.mustd.might
Exercise2:
Circletheletter
ofthebestanswer.
1.Whydidyouanswerso?
You_____meyouweren'tcomingtodinner.Iwaitedforyoufortwohours.
a.shouldtellb.shouldhavetoldc.shouldtoldd.shouldhadtold
2.Whyd
idn'tyoucometoyogaclasseslastnight?
BecauseI_____formysisteruntil9:
30.
a.musthavebabysatb.hadtobabysitc.mustba