初中英语语法专项训练介词讲解.docx

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初中英语语法专项训练介词讲解

中学英语语法专项训练6—介词

中学英语介词讲解

1.介词的含义,

介词(虚词),不能在句子中独立充当成分。

它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语活从句前。

中考需要掌握的11个介词:

in、on^atxto>from、by>with、for、aboutxafter>before

表示时间的介词

A.典型例题:

1.in1996/in2002/in1847(年份)

2.uiOctober/inFebruary/inMarch(月份)

3・inspring/insummer/inautumn/inwinter(季节)

4.inaweek/inayear在1周/年中

5・inthemorning/intheafternoon/intheevening在上午/下午/晚上

inthosedays在当时/innotime立亥9/inthedaytime在白天/inthefuture在将来/inoneminute在1分钟内/最后intheend

表示较长时间(长于一天或乔一天)如:

年、年份、月份、季节、周、上午、下午、晚上以及一些习惯用法中要用介词“inS

B.典型例题:

1.atteno'clock/atseventhirty.(表示某一钟点)

2.atnoon/atnight/atmidnight(在中午、晚上、半夜一天中相对短暂的时间)

3.attheageoftwenty/altheageofthirty-five(表示某一年龄)

4.atthattime在那时/atthemoment这时、那时、此刻/atfirst首先/atlast最后=

intheend/atonce立刻、马上/at/on(the)weekends在周末/在一年中的这个时候

atthistimeofyear/在开始/结束时atthebeginning/endof

表示时I乔勺某一点(或表示某时刻)如:

钟点、年龄或長衣的习惯用法中要用“at”。

C.典型例题:

1・onMonday/onTuesday/onWednesday/onFriday

2・onJanuary1/onApril18/onMay31

3.onJanuary1,1988/onApril1&2002/onMajr31,1977

4.onMondaymorning/onTuesdayafternoon/onWednesdayevening

5.onawintermorning/onasummerevening/onaautumnafternoon

6.onthemorningofMayfifth

7.onmybirthday/onthatday/onNewYear*sDay/onthefirsttwodays/onChristmasDay

8.值日onduty/准时ontime/

表示某一天或者特立(某一天上下午)的时间用介词“on”。

D.典型例题:

1.fortwohours/forthreedays2・forhundredsofyears

3・forthelastthreeyears/forthepastthreeyears4・forawhile

表示持续一段时间用介词“forS“for”+“段时间”

E.

典型例题:

3.from1980to1990

4.fromthenon从那时候起(用于一般过去时),fromnowon从现在起(用于一般将来时),fromtimetotime时不时地

表示从一点时间到另一点时间的一个阶段用介词"from…to…

F.典型例题:

1・duringtheweek2・duringthosethreemonths3・duringmyvisit

4.duringtheholidays/meeting5・duringthespring

表示'‘在……的期间”要用介词“during”,during表示在特定的时间里,其后的需词前要用左冠词或者表示特左意义的代词。

G.典型例题:

1・since1986/since19772・sincelastsummer/sincelastweek/sincelastmonth

3・sincethen从那时以后4・sincehecamehere自从他来了以后

表示"自……以来”,表示从过去某一时刻到现在,用介词“since”。

“since”+“点时间”,主句常用现在完成时。

巩固练习:

1・since7o'clocklastMonday

H.典型例题:

I.Theparkisopentill5・2・Hedidn'tleavetheparkuntil4・

表示某动作或者状态延续到某一时间终止,用介词“till/untir,

I.表示时间介词的比较

1.典型例题:

1・Thetrainleavesat8o'clock,soyou'dbetterbetherebv7:

50・

火车八点钟开,所以你最好八点五十以前赶到那儿。

2.HeleftShanghaiattheendoflastyear.去年年底他离开了上海。

(过去式)

3.Bytheendoflastyearhehadfinishedthework.到去年年底.他已经完成了匸作。

亘表示事件发生在某一时间点上:

址表示事件发生在某一时间点前。

attheendof+时间/地点,表示时间时,一般用于一般过去式。

bytheendof+时间,表示时间时,一般用于过去完成时。

intheend=atlast最后

2.典型例题:

2.Hesaidhehadfinishedtheworkthreedaysbefore.

finishedtheworkthreedaysago.

willfinishtheworkinthreedays.4・Threedayslaterhefinishedthework.

threedaysago表示从今天算起三天前;threedaysbefore表示从过去某个时间开始算起的三天前:

inthreedays表示从今天算起的三天以后ThwEdays1肛比表示从过去某个时间开始的三天后:

ago»用于一般过去式:

before,用于过去完成时:

in用于将来时。

巩固练习

1・FourdayslaterhecamebackfromBeijing・

3.典型例题:

1・before2o'clockthemeetinglunch

1990before后通常跟表示一点的时间(或特泄的时间),表示在某个时间之前

NationalDay

2・after2o'clockthemeetinglunch

1990after后通常跟表示一点的时间(或特立的时间),表示在某个时间之后

NationalDay

由before和after构成的时间介词短语都不能用于现在完成时。

after的习惯用法:

afterwork/afterschool/afterclass

巩固练习

1・after8o'clock

2・afterbreakfast

3.afterawhileiiT—会儿

4.thedayaftertomorrow

5.beforesupper

6.beforeclass

7.thedaybeforeyesterday

8.beforelong不久前

onenight/thismonth/thatsummer/lastyear/nextweek/thedaybeforeyesterday/theweekafternext再下一周

由one/this/that/last/next等修饰的表示时间的词组前不需要用介词。

表示方位的介词

A.典型例题:

1.在树上hithetree/在同一个班inthesameclass/在北京hiBeijing

2.在世界上intheworld/在河里intheriver/在城市inacity

3.在阳光卜辽thesun/在北方inthenorth/inChina在中国

4.在第五中学inNo.5MiddleSchool

5.在的前部inthefrontof在前而infrontof

6.在中间/(内部)角落inthemiddle/cornerof

7.固定用法:

住院inhospital/在露天intheopenair/躺着看书readinbed

8・站成行standinline/处于危险中indanger/处于麻烦中introuble/惊奇地insurprise

9.用英语inEnglish/穿红色的inred/以…方式in•••wayof表示大地方,表示空间、地域或者物体内部应用辽,或表示在…范围之内。

B.典型例题:

1.在…的尽头attheendof/在大门口atthegate/在第二个十字路口at.thesecondcrossing2・在公共汽车站atthebusstop/在校读书atschool/在家athome

3.在医院诊所atthedoctor?

s/在头部/脚下atthehead/footof

4・atthestation/airport/zoo/postoffice

5・atthefrontdoor/atthecinema/supermarket/meeting/party/thecrossroad

6.固定用法:

stayathome/atwork/attable在吃饭

表示较小的地方,表示空间的某一点,出入口等,选毗

C.典型例题:

1・在墙上onthewall/在…的另一边ontheothersideof/在左边/右边ontheleft/right

2.在左/有手边ontheleft/righthandside/在火车上onthetrain

3.在电视/收音机/电话/网上onTV/theradio/thetelephone/theInternet

4.固泄用法:

访问…onavisitto…/展览onshow

5.在去…的路上onthewayto…

6.onmyhead/nose

表示附着在表面上,覆盖等,表示接触的而上、边上、线上,用竺。

比较:

aholeinthefloor/wall

Therearemanyapplesonthetree・

Therearemanybirdsinthetree・

几组表示位置关系的介词比较

D.

典型例题:

中学英语语法专项习题6-介词

1()1ChildrengetgiftsChristmasandtheirbirthdays・A.on;onB・at;onC.

in;inD・in;on

()2-Thereisnothingtomorrowafternoon,isthere-No.Wecanhaveagameoftable

tennis・

A.onB・inC・outD・up

3Alotofstudentsinour

schoolwereborn

March,198L

A.

in

B.

at

C・on

D.

since

4tiesuddenlyreturned

arainynight・

A・onB・

at

C.

in

D.

during

5Mygrandfatherwasborn

Oct.10.1935.

A.onB・

in

C.

at

D.

of

6Thetrainisstarting_

_fiveminutes・A.

inB.at

C.

for

7Mikedoeshisexercises

seven

theevening・

A.on;

to

B.

at;in

C.

by;ofD・at;on

2()1Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfastfourhundredyears・

A.forpasttheB・inthepassC・inthepastD・forpast

()2Wereturnedtoourhometown・A.nextweekB・inthelastweekC・lastweek

D・foraweek

year.

B.of

()

mourningoeHill.

3MrsBrowncametoChina1996・

—themorningofNovember20,1915,theworkerscameto

C.to,

Chicago

D.

showtheir

A・On;toB・In;

of・C・On;for,D・At;for

)5AnnmovedHangzhouSeptember,1992・A・/;in

B.to;

in

C.

to;

in;in

)6Thevstartedoff

anautumnafternoon.A.during

B・at

C.

in

D.

5(

)1Heoftengoes

schoolsixthirtvthe

morning・

A.for;to;in

B・to;atinC・to;for;at

D,for;

at;

to

)2HearrivedShanghai9:

30March5・A.at

;in;at

B.

to;

on;

on

D,

on

at

in;

at

on;

halfpastten・A:

in

B.

D・in;at;on

)3TheEnglishteachertoldmetogetthere.

C.

at

C.

on

D.

of

6(

A.

)4Thechildrengetup6o'clock・

)1Thedoctorworkedfivehours_

for;withB・on;withoutC・about;havingD・for;without

)21workedontheproblemalongtimeandIworkeditout.

A.atB・onC・during

arest.

D.in

myself

last.

D.on

inD・late

on;for

D.

him.

7(

before

during

C.

before

A.by

C.at

while

A.for;by;atB・in;with;onC・on;by;in

3Anewfactorywillbesetup:

ayear・lotae

4Twoyearshebegantowriteanotherstory-book.

on;during

)7MrBrownhadlain

in

D.

D・for;for;atthe

A・forB・inC・after

A.afterB・

later;C.

5Wewillfinishthepictureaday.A.inB・on

6Theworkershadbeenstrikealmostamonth.

A.on;for

)1Theteacher

theground

C・after

A.on;inB.

D.onat;inC.

fourhoursbeforetheyfinallyfound

B・at;inC・on;afterD・in;during

iscomingbackanhour・A・afterB・forC・in

2Shelivedin

since

3MissWangwillcometoBeijingtwodays・A.after

D.

themountainvillage.

theyears1940-1950・A.

between

B.

B.in

C.on

D.

B.at

8(

C・inD・on

)7MaryhadfinishedherhomeworkthetimeI

D・when

4TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorth

)2Westayedatthelabourteacherreturned.

yD.

9

longagoD・long

()

C・longtimeago

()

after

at

won

theend.

gothome.

A.tillB.

A.untilB・by

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)3Theydidn'tleavethestationtheygetonthe

1Don'tworry・Hewillreturn

A.before

ago

2Therelivedanoldman,fishingatsea.

D・soon

3Itwasnot

beforeD・longafter

()41was

A.longbefore10()1_timeD・Some

sometimeD・

sometimesD・

row.

train.A.

untilB・byC.

longB・longbeforeC・long

longbeforeB・beforelong

theycameback・A.longbeforeB・beforelongC・longtime

toldthathisunclehadgonetoFrance・

B.shortlyafterC・beforelongD・longago

.Tomgetsupatfiveinthemorning・A・SometimeB・SometimesC・Some

times

)21rememberwemeteachotherlastyear・A・Sometime'B・sometimesC.

sometimes

)3MaryandIhavebeentotheGreatWall,・A・sometimeB・sometimeC.

sometimes

)4

11(

HestudiedEnglishforA.sometimes

1Idon't

inLondon,andthenhewenttoAmerica・

B・sometimenewB・sometimeB・sometimes

liketositTom'sright・Iwouldliketosittheback

A.

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A.

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)2TherewithB.

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on

is

with;onC・of;atD・with;in

C・on;atD・at;on

abrookredflowersandgreengrassbothsides.

 

()3Therearemanytrees

largerandlarger

A・onbothside;anumberB・oneachsides;anumberD・oneveryside;thenumber

)1Theplaneisflying

oftheroad!

And

ofthetreesisgrowing

C・onbothsides;thenumber

12(

D・insky

A.

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B・in.theairC・inspace

)2Thereisa

sweetsmell

A.

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B・intheopenairC・inthe

space

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openairD・inspace

)4Seenfrom—

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skyD・inthe

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spaceC・a

backofD.

at;inD.

A.intheairB・intheskyC・inthe

earthappearstobeabigbluebal1・

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