初中英语语法专项训练介词讲解.docx
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初中英语语法专项训练介词讲解
中学英语语法专项训练6—介词
中学英语介词讲解
1.介词的含义,
介词(虚词),不能在句子中独立充当成分。
它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语活从句前。
中考需要掌握的11个介词:
in、on^atxto>from、by>with、for、aboutxafter>before
表示时间的介词
A.典型例题:
1.in1996/in2002/in1847(年份)
2.uiOctober/inFebruary/inMarch(月份)
3・inspring/insummer/inautumn/inwinter(季节)
4.inaweek/inayear在1周/年中
5・inthemorning/intheafternoon/intheevening在上午/下午/晚上
inthosedays在当时/innotime立亥9/inthedaytime在白天/inthefuture在将来/inoneminute在1分钟内/最后intheend
表示较长时间(长于一天或乔一天)如:
年、年份、月份、季节、周、上午、下午、晚上以及一些习惯用法中要用介词“inS
B.典型例题:
1.atteno'clock/atseventhirty.(表示某一钟点)
2.atnoon/atnight/atmidnight(在中午、晚上、半夜一天中相对短暂的时间)
3.attheageoftwenty/altheageofthirty-five(表示某一年龄)
4.atthattime在那时/atthemoment这时、那时、此刻/atfirst首先/atlast最后=
intheend/atonce立刻、马上/at/on(the)weekends在周末/在一年中的这个时候
atthistimeofyear/在开始/结束时atthebeginning/endof
表示时I乔勺某一点(或表示某时刻)如:
钟点、年龄或長衣的习惯用法中要用“at”。
C.典型例题:
1・onMonday/onTuesday/onWednesday/onFriday
2・onJanuary1/onApril18/onMay31
3.onJanuary1,1988/onApril1&2002/onMajr31,1977
4.onMondaymorning/onTuesdayafternoon/onWednesdayevening
5.onawintermorning/onasummerevening/onaautumnafternoon
6.onthemorningofMayfifth
7.onmybirthday/onthatday/onNewYear*sDay/onthefirsttwodays/onChristmasDay
8.值日onduty/准时ontime/
表示某一天或者特立(某一天上下午)的时间用介词“on”。
D.典型例题:
1.fortwohours/forthreedays2・forhundredsofyears
3・forthelastthreeyears/forthepastthreeyears4・forawhile
表示持续一段时间用介词“forS“for”+“段时间”
E.
典型例题:
3.from1980to1990
4.fromthenon从那时候起(用于一般过去时),fromnowon从现在起(用于一般将来时),fromtimetotime时不时地
表示从一点时间到另一点时间的一个阶段用介词"from…to…
F.典型例题:
1・duringtheweek2・duringthosethreemonths3・duringmyvisit
4.duringtheholidays/meeting5・duringthespring
表示'‘在……的期间”要用介词“during”,during表示在特定的时间里,其后的需词前要用左冠词或者表示特左意义的代词。
G.典型例题:
1・since1986/since19772・sincelastsummer/sincelastweek/sincelastmonth
3・sincethen从那时以后4・sincehecamehere自从他来了以后
表示"自……以来”,表示从过去某一时刻到现在,用介词“since”。
“since”+“点时间”,主句常用现在完成时。
巩固练习:
1・since7o'clocklastMonday
H.典型例题:
I.Theparkisopentill5・2・Hedidn'tleavetheparkuntil4・
表示某动作或者状态延续到某一时间终止,用介词“till/untir,
I.表示时间介词的比较
1.典型例题:
1・Thetrainleavesat8o'clock,soyou'dbetterbetherebv7:
50・
火车八点钟开,所以你最好八点五十以前赶到那儿。
2.HeleftShanghaiattheendoflastyear.去年年底他离开了上海。
(过去式)
3.Bytheendoflastyearhehadfinishedthework.到去年年底.他已经完成了匸作。
亘表示事件发生在某一时间点上:
址表示事件发生在某一时间点前。
attheendof+时间/地点,表示时间时,一般用于一般过去式。
bytheendof+时间,表示时间时,一般用于过去完成时。
intheend=atlast最后
2.典型例题:
2.Hesaidhehadfinishedtheworkthreedaysbefore.
finishedtheworkthreedaysago.
willfinishtheworkinthreedays.4・Threedayslaterhefinishedthework.
threedaysago表示从今天算起三天前;threedaysbefore表示从过去某个时间开始算起的三天前:
inthreedays表示从今天算起的三天以后ThwEdays1肛比表示从过去某个时间开始的三天后:
。
ago»用于一般过去式:
before,用于过去完成时:
in用于将来时。
巩固练习
1・FourdayslaterhecamebackfromBeijing・
3.典型例题:
1・before2o'clockthemeetinglunch
1990before后通常跟表示一点的时间(或特泄的时间),表示在某个时间之前
NationalDay
2・after2o'clockthemeetinglunch
1990after后通常跟表示一点的时间(或特立的时间),表示在某个时间之后
NationalDay
由before和after构成的时间介词短语都不能用于现在完成时。
after的习惯用法:
afterwork/afterschool/afterclass
巩固练习
1・after8o'clock
2・afterbreakfast
3.afterawhileiiT—会儿
4.thedayaftertomorrow
5.beforesupper
6.beforeclass
7.thedaybeforeyesterday
8.beforelong不久前
onenight/thismonth/thatsummer/lastyear/nextweek/thedaybeforeyesterday/theweekafternext再下一周
由one/this/that/last/next等修饰的表示时间的词组前不需要用介词。
表示方位的介词
A.典型例题:
1.在树上hithetree/在同一个班inthesameclass/在北京hiBeijing
2.在世界上intheworld/在河里intheriver/在城市inacity
3.在阳光卜辽thesun/在北方inthenorth/inChina在中国
4.在第五中学inNo.5MiddleSchool
5.在的前部inthefrontof在前而infrontof
6.在中间/(内部)角落inthemiddle/cornerof
7.固定用法:
住院inhospital/在露天intheopenair/躺着看书readinbed
8・站成行standinline/处于危险中indanger/处于麻烦中introuble/惊奇地insurprise
9.用英语inEnglish/穿红色的inred/以…方式in•••wayof表示大地方,表示空间、地域或者物体内部应用辽,或表示在…范围之内。
B.典型例题:
1.在…的尽头attheendof/在大门口atthegate/在第二个十字路口at.thesecondcrossing2・在公共汽车站atthebusstop/在校读书atschool/在家athome
3.在医院诊所atthedoctor?
s/在头部/脚下atthehead/footof
4・atthestation/airport/zoo/postoffice
5・atthefrontdoor/atthecinema/supermarket/meeting/party/thecrossroad
6.固定用法:
stayathome/atwork/attable在吃饭
表示较小的地方,表示空间的某一点,出入口等,选毗
C.典型例题:
1・在墙上onthewall/在…的另一边ontheothersideof/在左边/右边ontheleft/right
2.在左/有手边ontheleft/righthandside/在火车上onthetrain
3.在电视/收音机/电话/网上onTV/theradio/thetelephone/theInternet
4.固泄用法:
访问…onavisitto…/展览onshow
5.在去…的路上onthewayto…
6.onmyhead/nose
表示附着在表面上,覆盖等,表示接触的而上、边上、线上,用竺。
比较:
aholeinthefloor/wall
Therearemanyapplesonthetree・
Therearemanybirdsinthetree・
几组表示位置关系的介词比较
D.
典型例题:
中学英语语法专项习题6-介词
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