新标准大学英语综合教程3课后练习答案Unit 3.docx
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课后练习答案Unit3
Unit3
Languagepoints
1Forlackofabetterterminology,onemightnamethese:
(1)thesensuousplane,
(2)theexpressiveplane,(3)thesheerlymusicalplane.(Para1)
Theexpressionforlackofabetterterminologyisusedtointroduceratherinexactterms.Itmeanssincewedon’thaveanyexactterms,I’mgoingtousetheseratherroughterms.
Thewordsensuoussuggestsphysicalpleasurewhichrelatestoyourphysicalsensesratherthantoyouremotionsandthoughts.
Aplaneisalevelofthought,developmentorexistence.
Thewordsheerisusedtoemphasizetheamountordegreeofsomething.Thesheerlymusicalplanereferstothelevelofthemusicalmaterial,melodies,rhythms,harmoniesetc.Thesheerpleasure(Para2,Line2)meansgreatorpurepleasure.
2Theonlyadvantagetobegainedfrommechanicallysplittingupthelisteningprocessintothesehypotheticalplanesis…(Para1)
Thewordhypotheticalmeanstobebasedonsituationsoreventsthatseempossibleratherthanonactualones.Here,theplanesarenotreal,theyarejustpartofamodelforanalysisanddiscussion.
3Oneturnsontheradiowhiledoingsomethingelseandabsent-mindedlybathesinthesound.Akindofbrainlessbutattractivestateofmindisengenderedbythemeresoundappealofthemusic.(Para2)
Tobathemeanstoswimorwashyourselfinabath,riverorlake.Tobatheinthesoundmeanstoimmerseyourselfinthesound,likeinwater.
Toengendermeanstocauseafeelingorattitudetoexist.Theexpressionengenderedbythemeresoundappealmeanstobecreatedonlybytheappealorattractionofthesound.
4Musicallowsthemtoleaveit...dreamingbecauseofandaproposofthemusicyetneverquitelisteningtoit.(Para3)
Theexpressionaproposofmeansrelatingto;itisusedtointroducesomethingelseaboutthesubjectyouaretalkingabout.TheexpressionisderivedfromFrench,andthefinal-sissilentinpronunciation.
5...butyoumustnotallowittousurpadisproportionateshareofyourinterest.Thesensuousplaneisanimportantoneinmusic...butitdoesnotconstitutethewholestory.(Para4)
Tousurpmeanstotakeajoborpositionthatbelongstosomeoneelsewithouthavingtherighttodothis.
Thesentenceyoumustnotallowittousurpadisproportionateshareofyourinterestmeansdon’tletittakeupawrongamountofyourinterest.
Theexpressionitdoesnotconstitutethewholestorymeansthereismoretoitthanthis.
6Here,immediately,wetreadoncontroversialground.(Para5)
Theexpressionwetreadoncontroversialgroundcontainsametaphor:
Theseareideasthatsomepeoplewillprobablydisagreeaboutornotapproveof.
7Composershaveawayofshyingawayfromanydiscussionofmusic’sexpressiveside.(Para5)
Toshyawayfromsomethingmeanstoavoidsomeoneorbeunwillingtodosomethingbecauseyouarenervous,afraidornotconfident.
8Isitpessimisticallysadorresignedlysad;isitfatefullysadorsmilinglysad?
(Para6)
Thewordresignedlymeanswithresignation,acceptingthatsomethingunpleasantmusthappenorthatyoucannotchangeit.Thewholesentencegivesnuances–shadesofmeaning–ofdifferentkindsofsadness:
sadnesswhichhasafeelingofpessimism(thingsarebadandwecan’tchangethemeasily),sadnesstowhichwemayfeelresigned–weacceptit,sadnessthatwefeelispartofourfate–wecan’tavoiditanditispartofourlife,andsadnessthatalsohashumour,sowesmileeventhoughwefeelsad.
9Itisveryimportantforallofustobecomemorealivetomusiconitssheerlymusicalplane.(Para9)
Tobecome/bealivetosomethingmeanstoknowthatsomethingishappeningandrealizehowimportantitis.
10Afterall,anactualmusicalmaterialisbeingused...Hemusthearthemelodies,therhythms,theharmonies,thetonecolorsinamoreconsciousfashion.(Para9)
Themusicalmaterialsrefertotheelementsofmusic,usuallydiscussedundertheheadingsofmelody(thetune),rhythm(theeffectsoftimeordurationofthebeatsofmusic,thepulse),harmony(howthenotesofmusiccombinewitheachotherinchordsorsequencesofnotes),tonecolor(howtheprecisesoundofnotescanvary),andform(howthemusicisorganizedwithalltheelementsandpatternsofrepetitionandvariation).
11Perhapsananalogywithwhathappenstouswhenwevisitthetheaterwillmakethisinstinctivecorrelationclearer.(Para11)
Ananalogyisacomparisonbetweentwosituations,processesetc,thatisintendedtoshowthatthetwoaresimilar.Thatthetwothingsareanalogousmeansthesamethingsaretrueoforrelevanttobothofthem.
Dealingwithunfamiliarwords
4Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.
1tomakeuporformsomething(constitute)
2happeningordoneatthesametime(simultaneously)
3abletodosomethingbecauseyouhavetheknowledge,skill,orexperiencethatisneeded(qualified)
4aregularpatternofsoundsinmusicthatyoucanshowbymoving,hittingyourhandstogether,orhittingadrumorothersurface(rhythm)
5toreceiveorobtainsomethingfromsomethingelse(derive)
6someonewhowritesmusic,especiallyclassicalmusic(composer)
7asmuchasisneeded(sufficiently)
5CompletetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity4.
JohannSebastianBachispossiblythegreatest
(1)composertheworldhaseverknown.HisWell-TemperedClavichord
(2)constitutesoneofthemostcompleteworksforkeyboardeverwritten.Itis(3)simultaneouslybothaseriesoftechnicalexerciseswhichexplorethepossibilitiesofthekeyboard,andamasterpieceofexpressivefeeling.Althoughhewasahighly(4)qualifiedmusician(asanorganistandachoirmaster),hewasnotconsideredtobe(5)sufficiently“modern”bythegenerationwhichfollowedhim,andhewassoonforgotten.Buthismusicwasrediscoveredinthe19thcentury,foritsperfectsenseof(6)rhythmandharmony.Indeed,manyofthegreatcomposersofthe20thcentury,suchasStravinsky,(7)derivedalotoftheirmusicalideasfromhim.
6Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsandexpressionsinthebox.Youmayneedtomakeotherchanges.
1Shh!
They’reabouttoannouncethewinnerofthisyear’sInternationalPianoCompetition.(proclaim)
2It’squiteeasytomakeacomparisonbetweenpoetryandmusic.(analogy)
It’squiteeasytomakeananalogybetweenpoetryandmusic.
3Weareamazedbyherabilitytoexpressherselfwithgreatclearnessandsimplicity.(clarity)
4Howmanyartistshavegivenupeverythingforthecauseoftheirart?
(forthesakeof)
5Internetemergesasapowerfulandeffectiveforceinadvertisingnewproducts.(potent)
6Ienjoyedtheperformance,butIthoughttheclothestheactorswerewearingwereabitsilly.(costumes)
7Answerthequestionsaboutthewordsandexpressions.
1Ifyousplitsomethingup,doyou(a)divideitintoparts,or(b)putthepartstogether?
2Ifyoudosomethingabsent-mindedly,areyou(a)thinkingaboutwhatyouaredoing,or(b)thinkingaboutsomethingelse?
3Doyoulookforconsolation(a)afterapieceofbadnews,or(b)afterapieceofgoodnews?
4Ifyouaretreadingoncontroversialground,areyou(a)takingarisk,or(b)makingeverybodyhappy?
5Ifyoushyawayfromsomething,doyou(a)keepclosetoit,or(b)keepyourdistancefromit?
6Ifyoupinsomethingdown,areyou(a)abletoexamineitcarefully,or(b)unabletoexamineitcarefully?
7Ifyouknowthemelodyofapieceofmusic,areyoufamiliarwith(a)thetune,or(b)themeaningofthemusic?
8Isaninstinctivereactiontosomething(a)automatic,or(b)onewhichfollowsalotofthought?
Readingandinterpreting
8Workinpairsandchoosethebestanswertothequestions.
1Whichisthewriter’smainpurpose?
(a)Toshowhowcomplexlisteningtomusicis.
(b)Togetpeopletolistentomusicmore.
(c)Todiscouragesomepeoplefromlisteningtomusic.
(d)Togetpeopletothinkabouthowtheylistentomusic.
2Whodoesthewriteraddressasyou?
(a)Musicians.
(b)Theatregoers.
(c)Composers.
(d)Intelligentmusiclovers.
9Check(¸)thestatementsyouagreewith.
√1Theanalysisthewritermakesisafairandaccurateone.
Yes,Ithinkthisisareasonableanalysisoflisteningtomusic.
2Hedescribesthesensuouslistenerinnegativeterms.
Hedoesmentionsomenegativeaspectsofsensuouslisteningbuthesaysseveraltimesthatwelisteninallthreeways,soIdon’tthinkheisactuallynegativeaboutthisway.
√3Hethinksallgreatmusicisexpressive.
Hedoesn’tactuallysaythis,butthisseemstobehispointofview.
4Hethinksmostlistenersarenotintelligentenough.
No,hedoesn’tsaythis.Hesaysmostlistenersarenotconsciousenoughofthethirdplane,butthatdoesn’tmeantheyaren’tintelligent.
√5Heisprobablyaprofessionalmusician.
IguessthisistruebecauseofhisknowledgeofStravinskyandBach,andhisinsightsintotheeffectivewayoflisteningtomusic.
√6Heisprobablyagoodteacher.
Ithinksobecauseofhiswayofexplainingthethreeplanesandbecauseofthewayheusestheanalogyofthetheatre,whichnon-musicianmightappreciate.
Activereading
(2)
Languagepoints
1Weknowhisworkincludespaintingsofreligiousandmythologicalthemes,domesticinteriorsandlandscapes.(Para2)
Domesticinteriorsaretheinsideofhouseholdswiththerooms,furnitureanddecorations.
Landscapesarepaintingsofanareaofland,showingthescenerysometimeswithpeoplebutthefocusmostlyonnature.
2WhileGrietgoesaboutherduties,sheattractstheattentionnotonlyofabutcher’sboy,Pieter,butalsoofthepainterhimself.(Para6)
Togoaboutherdutiesmeanstodothework