高考英语动词时态语态.docx
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高考英语动词时态语态
动词时态、语态
【要点点拨】
一、时态
(一)现在进行时用法注意点:
1.状态性动词不用进行时态,包括
(1)be和have,或者含有be和have意义的动词,如:
belongto,contain,dependon,own,possess等;
(2)feel,sound,smell,taste等连系动词;(3)hear,see,find等表示结果的动词;(4)表示心理或情感状态的动词,如:
believe,love,want,understand,wish等;
2.进行时态和副词always,forever等连用时,往往带有一定的感情色彩,如赞扬、批评、不满、抱怨等;
(二)一般过去时与过去进行时的区别:
1.过去进行时表示动作的未完成性、持续性,着眼于动作的过程;一般过去时表示动作的完成,即动作发生过,且已结束,着眼于结果;如:
ShewaswritingareportlastnightandIdon’tknowifshehasfinishedit.(表示昨晚一直在写)
Shewroteareportlastnight.(表示昨晚写了,并且写好了)
2.过去进行时与always,forever等词连用表示一定的感情色彩;
Hewasalwaysthrowingthingsabout.(表示不满或讨厌)
(三)将来时的几种表达:
A
B
C
D
begoingto
表示“计划、打算、安排将要做的事”时,主语只能是人
说话人说话之前已考虑过的
主语是物时,表示说话人根据某种迹象主观推测可能发生的事
不能用于含有条件句的主句中
will
表示将要发生某事或主语的“意愿”
说话人说话时刻才考虑到的
表示客观规律必然发生的
可用于含有条件句的主句或从句中表示“意愿”
beto
表示安排、计划要做的事
与第二人称连用,表示转述第三者的话
表示命令,相当于should/must
表示“能”“该”“想要”“注定、不可避免”
beaboutto
表示动作马上发生;句中不能再加atonce,immediately和表示具体时间的词语;常有“beaboutto…..when”结构;
还可用一般现在时、现在进行时表示将来发生的动作;
(四)将来进行时与将来完成时:
1.将来进行时表示将来某一时刻发生的动作,结构为:
will/shallbedoing
2.将来完成时表示到将来某时刻某动作已发生,结构为:
will/shallhavedone,时间状语为:
by+表将来时间的词语;
如:
I’llbeclimbingthemountainthistimethedayaftertomorrow.
Bythetimehegraduatesfromthecollege,hewillhavelearnedthreeforeignlanguages.
(五)现在完成时及过去完成时的用法注意点:
1.瞬间性动词与延续性动词的正确使用:
与howlong,for,since等表示一段时间的状语连用时须用延续性动词,如:
buy-have,keep-borrow,die-bedead,marry-bemarried,begin-beon,begintoknow-know等;
2.注意have/hadbeento与have/hadgoneto的区别;
3.现在完成时用在时间、条件等状语从句中,表示从句中的动作在主句动作前完成,如:
Ifithasstoppedsnowinginthemorning,we’llgotothepark.
4.by+过去时间状语用过去完成时;
5.有些动词的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望,这类动词为:
think,plan,mean,intend,hope,expect,suppose等;
Ihadintendedtovisityouyesterday,buttherainpreventedme.
(六)现在/过去完成进行时的用法:
强调动作延续到说话时且还在进行;结构:
have(has)/hadbeendoing
比较:
Theyhaverepairedtheroad.(表示路已修好)
Theyhavebeenrepairingtheroad.(表示路还在修)
有时两者可替换:
Shehastaughtinthismiddleschoolfortenyears.
Shehasbeenteachinginthisschoolfortenyears.
注意:
完成进行时不可与瞬间性动词连用,如:
finish,go,marry等;
(七)某些固定句型中时态是固定的:
1.This/That/Itisthefirsttime+从句(用现在完成时)
2.It’s/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句(用过去时)
3.Hardly/Nosoonerhadsb.donewhen/than+从句(用过去时)
4.Itwillbe+一段时间+before从句(用一般现在时)/Itwas+一段时间+before从句(用过去时)
5.It’stime+从句(用过去时或shoulddo)
6.wouldrather+从句(用一般过去时/过去完成时)
It’sgettinglate.I’dratheryoutookataxithere.
Thefilmwasboring.I’dratherIhadn’tgonetoseeit.
二、语态
1.动词sell,write,read,open,lock,shut,wear,wash,keep,cook,cut,burn,run等与well,smoothly,easily等连用时,说明主语内在的“性能”“特点”,用主动代替被动;
2.表示状态特征的连系动词如smell,taste,feel,sound,look,prove等用主动语态表示被动意义;
3.不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态:
comeup,runout(用完),giveout(耗尽),goout(熄灭),comeout(出版),cometolight,belongto,breakout,loseheart,dieout,own,have,possess,happen,occur等;
4.当want,require,need作“需要”解,后接doing/tobedone作宾语,此时动词do与主语为动宾关系;
5.beworth后接doing作宾语,用主动形式表示被动意义;
6.不定式tolet(出租),toblame(该受责备)表示被动意义;
7.在“主语+be+形容词(forsb.)+todo”结构中,todo用主动形式;
8.在“主语+谓语+宾语(名词)+动词不定式todo(作定语修饰前面的名词,且为动宾关系;主语与todo为主谓关系时,此动词不定式用主动形式;如:
Ihaveameetingtoattend.
【各个击破】
1.------Itookaphotoofyoujustnow.
-----Really?
I_______withattention.
A.didn’tlookB.wasn’tlookingC.amnotlookingD.haven’tlooked
2.------Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewhair-style.Whatdoyouthinkofit?
-----I’msorryI_______anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’spretty.
A.don’tsayB.wasn’tsayingC.didn’tsayD.haven’tsaid
3.------CanIhelpyou,Madam?
-------No,thanks.I__________________.
A.havejustlookedaroundB.justlookaround
C.amjustlookingaroundD.justlookedaround
4.------Thatfamouscherrytrees_________becauseofpollution.
-----Yes,wehavetodosomethingtosaveit.
A.hasdiedB.haddiedC.isdeadD.isdying
5.Sheoughttostopreading;shehasaheadachebecauseshe_______toolong.
A.hadreadB.readC.isreadingD.hasbeenreading
6.------You’retalkingtoomuch.
-------Onlyathome.Noone______mebutyou.
A.ishearingB.hadheardC.hearsD.heard
7.-------Whathaveyoubeendoing?
Iaskedyouaquestion.Whydidn’tyouanswer?
-------Sorry,I___________tothenewsontheradio.
A.listenedB.havelistenedC.waslisteningD.hadlistened
8.-------Youshouldhavetoldhimthedateearlier.
-------I_______,butheforgotaboutit.
A.didB.haveC.hadD.shouldhave
9.------YoucouldhaveaskedTomforhelp,forheisgoodatphysics.
-----Really?
Oh,awholenight__________.Whydidn’tyoutellmeearlier?
A.iswastedB.waswastedC.hadwastedD.haswasted
10.Thethieftriedtobreakawayfromthepolicemanwho__________himbutfailed.
A.heldB.hadheldC.wouldholdD.washolding
11.You_________exercisesatyourdesk!
Whynottakesomeexercise?
A.alwaysdoB.arealwaysdoingC.havealwaysdoneD.havealwaysbeendoing
12.----Whatwereyouuptowhenshedroppedin?
----I____forawhileand____somereading.
A.wasplaying;wasgoingtodoB.played;did
C.hadplayed;wasgoingtodoD.hadplayed;did
13.UntilthenI_______forhimforhoursinhisoffice.
A.waitedB.waswaitingC.havebeenwaitingD.hadbeenwaiting
14.-----DidyouseeMartyinthemanager’soffice?
-----Yes,he______bythemanager.
A.isquestionedB.wasbeingquestionedC.hadbeenquestionedD.wasquestioned
15.Lookatthis!
I_______somemagazinesand_______thiscard!
A.waslookingthrough;foundB.amlookingthrough;hadfound
C.lookedthrough;hadfoundD.hadlookedthrough;finding
16.------Tom’swifetooktheplaceofhimtoattendtheconference.
-------IwouldratherTom_______there,nothiswife.
A.hadbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.went
17.-------Listen!
------I_______butI_________anythingatall.
A.listened;haveheardB.havelistened;hear
C.waslistening;wasn’thearingD.amlistening;don’thear
18.Theshopassistantpromisedmethatthematerial______andwhatshesaid______tobetrue.
A.wouldbedriedeasily;wasprovedB.willbedriedeasily;wasproved
C.driedeasily;provedD.wasdriedeasily;proved
19.-----Whatplaceisit?
-----Haven’tyouseenthatwe_____backwherewe______?
A.were,hadbeenB.are,wereC.were,havebeenD.are,hadbeen
动词时态和语态高考真题练习
(09安徽)1.Daniel'sfamilytheirholidayinHuangshanthistimenextweek.
A.areenjoyingB.aretoenjoyC.willenjoyD.willbeenjoying
(09安徽)2Butfortheirhelp,wetheprogramintime.
A.cannotfinishB.willnotfinish
C.hadnotfinishedD.couldnothavefinished
(09北京)3.Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniverse____intobeing
A.cameB.wascomingC.hadcomeD.wouldcome
(09北京)4.WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone,shesoundedweak,butbythetimewe__up,hervoicehadbeenfulloflife.
A.werehangingB.hadhungC.hungD.wouldhang
(09北京)5.Johnwasgiventhesamesuitcasehisfatherandgrandfather____withthemtoschool.
A.tookB.hadtakenC.weretakingD.wouldtake
(09福建)6-WhydoestheLakesmellterrible?
-Becauselargequantitiesofwater.
A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted
(09福建)7.Accordingtotheliteraryreview,Shakespearehischaritieslivethroughtheirlanguageinhisplays.
A.willmakeB.hadmadeC.wasmakingD.makes
(09湖南)8.Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?
Theweatherreportand_________Iwanttolisten.
A.isbroadcastB.isbeingbroadcastC.hasbeenbroadcastD.hadbeenbroadcast
(09湖南)9.—Thefoodhereisniceenough.
—Myfriend______mearightplace.
A.introducesB.introducedC.hadintroducedD.wasintroducing
(09江西)10.Atpresent,oneoftheapartmentsinfavorofthenewairport________thatitwillgoingalotjobstothearea.
A.isB.areC.willbeD.were
(09江西)11.-------Whatisthepriceofpetrolthesedays
-------Oh,it______sharplysincelastmonth.
A.israisedB.hasrisenC.hasarisenD.isincreased
(09江西)12.---Doyouwantalifthome?
---It’sverykindofyou,butIhaveamuchlateintheoffice.Ioversleptthismorningbecausemymorningclock_______.
A.doesn’tgooffB.won’tgoneC.wasn’tgoingoffD.didn’tgoon
(09海南)13.Hissisterlefthomein1998,andsince.
A.hadnotbeenheardofB.hasnotbeenheardof
C.hadnotheardofD.hasnotheardof
(09海南)14.Edward,youplaysowell.ButIyouplayedthepiano.
A.didn’tknowB.hadn’tknownC.don’tknowD.haven’tknown
(09山东)15.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities________risingsteadilysince1990.
A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen
(09山东)16.Iwasoutoftownatthetime,soIdon’tknowexactlyhowit_______.
A.washappeningB.happenedC.happensD.hashappened
09陕西)17.Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,visitBeijingthissummer.
A.isgoingtoB.aregoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.weregoingto
09陕西)18.Thisisthefirsttimewentafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.
A.seeB.hadseenC.sawD.haveseen
(09上海)19.Marywenttotheboxofficeatlunchtime,butallthetickets____out.
A.wouldsellB.hadsoldC.havesoldD.wasselling
(09四川)20.—Whydon’twechoosethatroadtosavetime?
—Thebridgetoit__________.
A.hasrepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.willberepaired
09四川)21.—YouspeakverygoodFrench!
—Thanks.I__________FrenchinSichuanUniversityforfouryears.
A.studiedB.studyC.wasstudyingD.hadstudied
22.Myparents_____inHongKong.Theywerebornthereandhaveneverlivedanywhereelse.
A.liveB.livedC.werelivingD.willlive
(09浙江)23.-Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?
-It’sfantastic.TheonlypityisthatI__________thebeginningof