高中现在完成时讲解与练习非常详细.docx
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高中现在完成时讲解与练习非常详细
高中现在完成时讲解与练习(非常详细)
现在完成时讲解与练习
一、现在完成时的构成
1.现在完成时结构:
主语+助动词have(has)+动词过去分词
否定句:
have/has后加not,haven’t/hasn’t
一般疑问句:
前提have/has
被动:
have/hasbeen+动词的现在分词
2.现在完成时的概念:
1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
--Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?
你吃过午饭了吗?
--Yes,Ihave.Ihavejusthadit.是的,我刚吃过。
(现在我不饿了。
)
Ihavealreadypostedthephotos.我已经寄过这些照片。
(这些照片已不在我这里了。
)
2)过去发生的事情,一直持续到现在(其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词)。
Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.近来我一直没见过他。
I’veknownLiLeiforthreeyears.我认识李雷已经三年了。
Theyhavelivedheresince1996.他们自从1996年就住在这儿。
ShehastaughtussinceIcametothisschool.自从我来这所学校,她就教我。
3.现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用:
1)用于“过去发生的事,对现在造成的影响或结果”的时间状语有:
already(已经→肯定句)yet(还;尚未→否/疑问句)-Has he phoned you yet?
---No,not yet.
never(从未)ever(曾经→疑问句)Haveyouevertalkedtohimaboutit?
just(刚刚)before(以前)
already 用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末;
yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中表示“还”,常放在句末;
ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间;
never意为“从来都没有”,常和before连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。
Eg.I have never traveled by plane before.
before 意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。
Eg.I haven’t heard of it before.
2)用于“过去发生的事,一直延续到现在”的时间状语有:
for+时间段(fortwoyears)
sincetwoyearsago
since+时间点since2008
Sincethen
sincehecamehere.
sofar(目前;迄今为止)
uptonow=tillnow=bynow到现在为止;直到现在
allthetime总是;一直recentlylately最近thesedays近几天
【bytheendof…到…末/结束】bytheendofthisyear到今年年末
bytheendofthismonth到本月末
during/overthelast(past)fewyears在过去的几年中
inthelast/pastmonths在过去的几个月中in
这部电影的内容。
)
Isawthefilmlastweek.我上星期看了这部电影.(只说明上星期看了这部电影,不涉及现在的情况)
Hehaslivedheresince1992.1992年以来他一直住在这里。
(他现在还住在这里)
Helivedherein1992.1992年他住在这里。
(不涉及现在他是否还住在这里)
把下列句子分别变成否定句、一般疑问句并作回答。
1)Ihavealreadycleanedtheroom.
否定句:
____________________________________________________________
一般疑问句:
_________________________________________________________
肯定回答:
________________________否定回答:
_________________________
2)JimhasneverbeentoHarbin.
一般疑问句:
________________________________________
肯定回答:
________________________否定回答:
_________________________
3)Wehavelivedheresince2yearsago.
否定句:
_________________________________________
一般疑问句:
________________________________________
对画线部分提问:
_________________________________________________________
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.I_________________________________(learn)2000Englishwordssofar.
2.Theoldman_______________________________(live)herefor40years.
3.I________________________________(notsee)youfortenyears.
4._____________________you____________________(sweep)thefloortoday?
Itissodirty.
5.______________________he_____________________(spend)allhismoney?
Yes,hehas.
四、短暂性动词与持续性动词在现在完成时中的运用
在现在完成时中,短暂性动词一般不与时间段连用。
即:
不与for,since短语或howlong问句连用。
非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下述三种方法:
a.将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词
练习:
将下列非延续性动词转化为延续性动词
buy ; borrow ; open ; close ; begin/start ;come ;go/leave ;finish ; died ;catch a cold ; put on ; get up ;wake up fall asleep ; lose ; join leave
1.He left his office 3 hours ago.
He from his office for 3 hours.
It 3 hours since he left his office.
2.He has been dead 4 years. He ago.
It has been he died.
b.将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。
Eg. I have been away from this school for eight years. I left this school eight years ago.
c .用句型“it is +一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式)”表示。
如:
It is two years since the old man died.
注意:
瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。
如:
[Exercises] Ture or False
He has come to Beijing since last year.( ) He has lived in Beijing since last year.( ) He has joined the army for 3 years.( ) He has served in the army for 3 years.( ) He joined the army 3 years ago. ( ) He has been a soldier for 3 years. ( ) It is 3 years since he joined the army. ( ) He has joined the army. ( )
短暂性动词与时间段连用时,要转化成表示状态的词或短语。
★leave—beaway(from)离开…
1.She__________________(leave)homelastweek.
2.Shehasalready________________(leave)home.
3.She_________________________________homeforaweek.
A.hasleftB.leftC.hasbeenawayD.hasbeenawayfrom
4.Howlonghasshe________________________home?
A.leftB.leavedC.beenawayfrom
★diev.—bedeadadj.死亡…
1.Theoldmanis________________.He_____________________tenyearsago.
2.Hehas_______________________________fortenyears.(die/dead填空)
3.()Howlonghashe___________________________?
A.diedB.beendeadC.dieD.beendie
★join—bein/beamemberof加入/成为…
jointheLeague入团jointheParty入党jointhearmy参军
A:
WhendidZhaoLin__________________theLeague?
B:
He______________theLeaguelastyear.Hehas___________________theLeagueforoneyear.★borrow/lend—keep借用…
1.A:
I____________________abookfromthelibraryyesterday.
B:
Howlong___________you____________________it?
A:
Ican_______________itforaweek.
2.He______________________thedictionarysincelastweek.
A.borrowedB.hasborrowedC.haskeptD.kept
★buy—have买…
1.A:
我买了一辆自行车。
I_______________________________abike.
B:
你买了多长时间了?
Howlong________________you___________it?
A:
我上个月买的。
I______________________itlastmonth.
2.I______________________thispairofskatesfortwoyears.
A.haveboughtB.havehadC.boughtD.had
★begin/start—beon开始…
Themovie_____________(start)halfanhourago.It______________________forthirtyminutes.
★open—beopen开始/开业…
A:
Whendidthefactory_______________?
B:
It_______________tenyearsago.
A:
Howlonghasit_____________________?
B:
Ithas______________________fortenyears.
★close—beclosed关闭/停产…
A:
Whendidtheshop_______________?
B:
It______________amonthago.
A:
Howlonghasit___________________.
B:
Ithas_____________________foramonth.
★arrive/come—bein/at到达…
arrivein/at...到达,抵达cometo...来到......
1)A:
Whendidyou______________inShanghai?
B:
I__________________herelastweek.
A:
Howlonghaveyou__________________________Shanghai?
B:
Ihave_______________hereforaweek.
2)I___________tothisschoollastyear.Ihave______________________thisschoolforayear.
★getacold/catchacold---haveacold感冒
(用getcatchhave适当形式填空)
1.I_______________/_______________acoldlastweek.AndI’mnotfeelingwellnow.SoI_______________________acoldforaweek.
2.I__________________________acoldsincelastweek.
A.havegotB.havecaughtC.havehadD.got
练习:
1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim.
A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow
2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?
A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still
3、HaveyoumetMrLi______?
A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago
4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear
A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.
—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.
A.haschanged;wellB.changed;good
C.haschanged;betterD.changed;better
6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;study
C.has;studiedD.are;studying
7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.
A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.
A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see
9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.
—Really?
When_____there?
A.willtheygoB.didtheygo
C.dotheygoD.havetheygone
10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?
—Yes.I_____itamomentago.
A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finished
C.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish
11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.
A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin
12、—Doyouknowhimwell?
—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.
A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade
13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?
—Abouttwomonths.
A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived
14、Hurryup!
Theplay__________fortenminutes.
A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began
15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.
A.isB.hasC.willD.was
16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.
A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen
17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.
A.havebeeninB.havebeento
C.havegonetoD.havebeen
18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?
A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey
19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?
A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,got
C.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived
20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.
A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtowork
C.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity
五、补充
1)由since引导的从句中的时态:
由since引导的从句一般用过去时(主句谓语动词用现在完成时)
We’ve been friends ever since we met at school.
Much has changed since I was there last time.
2)当表示有多少时间时,主句谓语可用一般现在时:
It’s two years since I left home.
How long is it since you came here last time?
3)在下面句型中也可用现在完成时:
出现最高级
This is the best tea I have ever drunk.
This is the most interesting book I have ever read.
This is the easiest job I have ever had.
一、单项选择。
1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响。
这种考查难度较大,往往无时间状语,需要从上下文分析、推理才行。
故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理,正确答案是B。
2、现在完成时常与already(已经),just(刚刚,正好),ever(曾经),never(从来,也不;从不),before(以前),yet(仍然)等连用。
故2应选B。
3、C
4、现在完成时常与recently(近来),sofar(到目前为止),inthepast/“last+一段时间”等时间状语连用。
因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。
故4应选D。
5、C
6、现在完成时时常与“for+时间段或since+过去时间点”连用(含从句,从句过去时)。
故6应选C。
7、C
8、现在完成时还与once(一次),twice(两次),threetimes(三次),severaltimes(几次)等表示重复次数的词语连用。
故8应选B。
9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆,就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去,但二者又有区别:
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话