中美送礼习俗的比较.docx
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中美送礼习俗的比较
长、高与校徽比例一致。
本科学年论文
中美送礼习俗的比较
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系 别
外语系
专业
英语（商务英语方向）
届别
2015届
班级
2011英语三班
学生姓名
吴娟
学号
2011060320
指导教师
魏瑾
职称
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3号宋体
二O一四年六月
学年论文评分标准及评审表
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指导教师签名：
年月日
ACOMPARATIVEANALYSISONCHINESEANDAMERICANGIFT-GIVINGCUSTOMS
by
WuJuan
Class3,Grade2011
（No.2011060320）
Supervisor:
WeiJin
June2014
ForeignLanguagesDepartment
HunanUniversityofFinanceandEconomics
Contents
Abstract
Gift-giving,amicrocosmicreflectionoftheoverallconsumptionbehavior,isalong-historysocialphenomenon,whichisnecessaryforsocialinteraction.Itcanmeetpeople’semotionalneeds,andcreatethesocialnetwork.TherearesomanycircumstancesinChinaandAmerica.Peopleoftensendgiftsonoccasionssuchasbirthday,festival,wedding,newborns,andfuneral.Basedoncomparison,thispaperpointsoutthatbecauseofdifferentculturalenvironmentandcustoms,therearesomedifferencesingift-givingcustomsinthesetwocountries,buttheystillhavesomethingincommonthatisrelatedtohumanfeelings.Toknowthesedifferencesandsimilaritieswillhelptopromotethecommunicationbetweenthesetwocountries.
【Keywords】Gift-givingcustoms;Comparison;America;China
摘要
送礼是整体消费行为的一个缩影,是一种社会历史现象,也是社会交流的必要。
它可以满足人们的情感需求,并创建、维护、和增强社交网络。
在中国和美国有很多送礼的场合。
例如生日、节日、婚礼、婴儿出生、和葬礼等。
本文通过对两国习俗的比较,认为这两个国家因为人文环境和风俗习惯的不同在送礼上也有很大的差异,但也有一些关于人类情感的共同点。
通过对送礼文化的分析比较，可以增进两国之间的互相理解和交往。
【关键词】送礼习俗比较美国中国
Introduction
Gift-givinghasalonghistory,whichoriginatedfromancientfete.Atpresent,gift-givingismoreandmorepopularamongpeople.Soweshouldconsiderwhichsituationweshouldsendgiftsandwhatgiftsweshouldsend.Basedontheclosecomparison,weknowthesimilaritiesanddifferencesingift-givingbetweenChineseandAmerica.Thispaperwillintroducegift-givingcustomsoftwocountries,suchasbirthday,festival,weddingandnewborns.Especially,weneedtoavoidsomegift-givingtaboos,whichistomakepeopleknowhowtosendgiftsappropriatelyinrightsituation.Toknowthesedifferencesandsimilarities,wecanpromotetheinteractionbetweenChinaandAmerica.
Chapter1
AnOverviewofGift-givingCustom
1.1OriginationofGift-giving
Givinggiftstoeachotherisanindispensablecommunicationcontentinhumansociallife.Weknowthattheritualworshiporiginatedinancienttimes.Intheritual,peoplewillgivetheirmostvaluableitemstoshowrespecttoGod.Maybesincethen,gifthasitsmaterialmeaning.Gift,somesaiditoriginallycomesfromancientwarbecauseoftribalmergers,whichshowsobediencetotheconquerorandbeggingfortheconqueror’sasylum.Othersbelievethatgiftisakindofcommercialgoodsofreciprocity,andtheoriginal“reciprocity”,essentially,isarewardtoexchangeproducts.Withthedevelopmentofthesociety,gift-givinggraduallychanges,youmaysendtheeducation,health,andsoon.Newgiftsshowupunceasingly,andthediversityembodiesthesocialneedsfully.Therearemoreandmoreformsofgifts.
1.2FunctionofGift-giving
Therearemanyfunctionsofgift-giving.Andthepaperwillintroduceitstwofunctions.
1.3.1MeetingPeople’sEmotionalNeeds
“Emotionisafeelingsuchashappiness,love,fear,anger,orhatred,whichcanbecausedbythesituationthatyouareinorthepeopleyouarewith.Therearemanythingsthatcanembodythevalueofgift-givinginourdailylife,andgiftsoftencontaintheemotion,that’swhypeopleliketogivegiftstoothers.”（Zhudongli,2010:
37.）1Forexample,whensomeonesendagifttoyouforyourbirthday,you’llfeelsohappy.Becauseyouthinkpeoplerememberyou,andmakeyoufeelvalued.Oryousendgiftstoothersonoccasionslikefestivalsandnewbornscelebrationstoexpressyourcongratulationsandcare.Thisshowsgift-givingcanmeetemotionalneeds.
1.3.2EstablishingtheSocialNetwork
AsGeYunxiang（2000）said“gift-givingisareflectionoftheculturalstructureofpersonalidentityinchina.Giftexchangenotonlyhappenstothethrongwhoareadmittedbysociety,butalsocreatesaintermediaryagentofdealingwithethicandsocialthings.”“Somegiftsaresignsofexpressingastrongfeeling,whilesomegiftsarejusttoolswhichareusedasgoods.Gift-givingisasocialexchange,whichcreatesanewrelation.”（LinSheng-dong,2006）
AccordingtoYuShenggang（2008）giftswhichisusedtoexpressstongfeelingsorusedastoolscanbothmaintainandenhancetheinterpersonalnetworkandrules-power.Wecantakeadvantageofinterpersonalresourcesandgetbenefitsbyusingthisnetwork.
Chapter2
Chinese Gift-givingCustoms
Chinaisoneofthecradlesofhumancivilizationandtheworld-famousceremoniesforthousandsofyears.Giftisaninvestmentoffeelings,whichcanshortenthedistancebetweenpeopleandfacilitatepeople’scommunication.
2.1Gift-givingSituationandSpecificGifts
Weshouldsenddifferentgiftsindifferentsituation,becausedifferentsituationhasitsowncustoms.Andgiftsneedapplyingtocustoms.
2.1.1BirthdayGifts
“Inthepast,privatebirthdaycelebrationforadultswasmoresimple.Onlyinafewrichfamilies,inordertoshowrespectforelders’birthday,theelders’childrenwouldmakearrangementsforbirthdayceremony,theydidn’tinvitetoomanyrelativesbutfamiliesgettogether.”（Yuandongmei,2009:
35）
Inrecentyears,leaderswillgiveyouabirthdaycakeorplussomeextradishestoshowcongratulationsandcareforyourbirthday.
Betweenlovers,birthdaycongratulationstoeachotheroftenhavebeenseenasamajorevent,whichcannotbeignored.Theycanwriteacongratulatorylettertoeachother,andalsocangivegiftsthataregenerallysouvenirwithasymboloflove.Howeveritdoesnotmeantocostalotbutenhancemutualfeelings.
Celebratingthebirthdayofadultfamilymembers,therearesomeactivitiessuchaseatbirthdaynoodles,whichisatraditionalChinesefolkcustoms.Itmeans“longevity”.InsouthernChina,ifwewanttocelebratebirthdayforelders,weshouldsendabigbowlofnoodlestoppedwithporkchopstoneighbors.Andpeopleshouldnotrejecttoit,onthecontrary,wouldliketocongratulatetheownerverbally.
Theyprefertopreparesomesumptuousfoodandhavedinnerwiththefamilyonhisbirthday,andsometimesinvitesomefriendsandrelativestogathermoreintimaterelationshipLately,manyfamilieswilleatbirthdaycakeintheevent.Cakemeans“longlife”inChina.
Sinceancienttimes,birthdayritualsaredividedintotwoparts.Intheearly,birthdayetiquetteisnotsoimportant.Justfortheelders’birthday,theirchildrenwilltendtoattachgreatimportancetoit,evenifeldersdonotcareabout.
Accordingtotraditionalcustoms,nooneisborntohavequalificationtocelebratebirthday,thebirthdayritualisanextremelyimportantandprudentthing,sothefirstbirthdaypartyisevenmoresolemn.
2.1.2HousewarmingandOpeningCeremonies
Moveandopenings,hasalwaysbeenregardedasanimportantevent.Onthebeginningofcelebrations,friendsandpeoplewanttosendagiftforownerstocongratulate.“Ingeneral,theownerwillholdthecelebrationbanquetotherpeoplecanalsoholdittowelcome.Whenyouvisithishomeforthefirsttimeyoushouldbringagiftforthehost.Theopen-airbanquetandcocktailpartyarenotrequiredtogivegifts.”Makingchoiceofhousewarminggiftshouldconsiderthefollowingfactors:
movedintothebighouseorsmallhouse,neworoldmastersuite,hasjustmovedintoanewareaornot,isthisthefirsthomeforhost,etc.Accordingtothedifferentsituationtoselectdifferentkindsofgifts.Whennewneighbormovetoyourcommunity,astheoldtenants,youshouldsendsmallgiftstoexpresswelcome,andmakenewfriendsfeelharmoniouswithneighborhood.
Newopeningnotonlyisthebeginningofestablishingsmallandlargebusinesses,butalsoisanewwaytoplananddeveloplifeandbusiness.sendingthehousewarminggiftscanshowyourcongratulationsthateverythingisgoingsmoothly,orwishforsuccessinbusiness.Thereisalonghistoryofgift-givingformoveandopening,whichhasitsownspecification.Therefore,whenyouwanttosendagifttothehost,youshouldpayattentiontothecustomary.
It’swisetosenddecorativegiftslikecongratulatorycouplet,dressingmirror,curtain,beddingandsoon.Alsoyoucansendsomeflowersandtreessuchasevergreen,sunflower,crapemyrtle,etc.
2.1.3FestivalCelebration
“Humanancestorsfoundednumerousfestivals:
commemorativefestival,andsacrificialdayoffarming.IntheHanDynasty,China'smajortraditionalfestivalshasbeenfinalized（GongBaoping,2006）.InTangDynasty,FestivalliberatedfromWorship,taboosandmysteriousatmosphere,thenbecomearealfestivethathavegoodwill.
Morefestivals,moregifts,itimplythatweshouldsendgiftswhenwecelebratefestivals.Festivalisaveryhappyoccasionwherepeoplealwayslikecommunicatingwitheachother
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