职称考试C级阅读理解.docx

职称考试C级阅读理解.docx

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职称考试C级阅读理解

第一篇

FordAbandonsElectricVehicles

TheFordmotorcompany'sabandonmentofelectriccarseffectivelysignalstheendoftheroadforthetechnology,analystssay.

GeneralMotorsandHondaceasedproductionofbattery-poweredcarsin1999,tofocusonfuelcellandhybridelectricgasolineengines,whicharemoreattractivetotheconsumer.Fordhasnowannounceditwilldothesame.

Threeyearsago,thecompanyintroducedtheThinkCitytwo-seatercarandagolfcartcalledtheTHINK,orThinkNeighbor.Ithopedtosell5,000carseachyearand10,000carts.Butalackofdemandmeansonlyaboutl,000ofthecarshavebeenproduced,andlessthan1,700cartshavebeensoldsofarin2002.

“Thebottomlineiswedon'tbelievethatthisisthefutureofenvironmenttransportforthemassmarket.”TimHolmesofFordEuropesaidonFriday,“Wefeelwehavegivenelectricourbestshot.”

TheThinkCityhasarangeofonlyabout53milesanduptoasix-hourbatteryrechargetime.GeneralMotors'EVIelectricvehiclealsohadalimitedrangeofabout100miles.

Theveryexpensivebatteriesalsomeanelectriccarscostmuchmorethanpetrol-poweredalternatives.AnelectricToyotaRAV4EVvehiclecostsover$42,000intheUS,comparedwithjust$17,000forthepetrolversion.ToyotaandNissanarenowtheonlymajorautomanufacturerstoproduceelectricvehicles.

“Thereisafeelingthatbatteryelectrichasbeengivenitschance.Fordnowhastomoveonwithitshybridprogram,andthatiswhatwewillbejudgingthemon,”RogerHigman,aseniortransportcampaigneratUKFriendsoftheEarth,toldtheEnvironmentNewsService.

HybridcarsintroducedbyToyotaandHondainthepastfewyearshavesoldwell.HybridenginesOfferGreatermileagethanpetrol-onlyengines,andthebatteriesrechargethemselves.Fordsaysitthinkssuchvehicleswillhelpitmeetplannednewguidelines“onvehicleemissions”intheUS.

However,itisnotyetclearexactlywhatthoseguidelineswillpermit.InJune,GeneralMotorsandDaimlerChryslerwonacourtinjunction,delayingbytwoyearsCalifornianlegislationrequiringcar-makerstooffer100,000zero-emissionandotherlow-emissionvehiclesinthestateby2003.Carmanufacturershopethelegislationwillberewrittentoallowformorelow-emission,ratherthanzero-emission,vehicles.

练习

1.WhathavetheFordmotorcompanyGeneralMotor'sandHondadoneconcerningelectriccars?

A）Theyhavestartedtoproduceelectriccars.

B）Theyhavedoneextensiveresearchonelectriccars.

C）Theyhavegivenupproducingelectriccars.

D）Theyhaveproducedthousandsofelectriccars.

2.AccordingtoTimHolmesofFordEurope，battery-poweredcars_____.

A）willbethemaintransportationvehiclesinthefuture

B）willnotbethemaintransportationvehiclesinthefuture

C）willbegoodtotheenvironmentinthefuture

D）willreplacepetrol-poweredvehiclesinthefuture

3.Whichautomanufacturersarestillproducingelectricvehicles?

A）ToyotaandNissan

B）GeneralMotor'sandHonda

C）FordandToyota

D）HondaandToyota

4.Accordingtotheeighthparagraph,hybridcars

A）offerfewermileagethanpetroldrivencars.

B）runfasterthanpetroldrivencars.

C）runmoremilesthanpetroldrivencars.

D）offermorebatteriesthanpetroldrivencars.

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthehopeofcarmanufacturersaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A）Low-emissioncarsshouldbebanned.

B）Onlyzero-emissioncarsareallowedtorunonmotorways.

C）Thelegislationwillencouragecarmakerstoproducemoreelectriccars.

D）Thelegislationwillallowmorelow-emissiontobeproduced.

第二篇

WorldCrudeOilProductionMayPeakaDecadeEarlierThanSomePredict

Inafindingthatmayspeedeffortstoconserveoil,scientistsinKuwaitpredictthatworldconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2014.Thispredictionisalmostadecadeearlierthansomeotherpredictions．TheirstudyisinACS’Energy＆Fuels1．

IbrahimNashawiandcolleaguespointoutthatrapidgrowthinglobaloilconsumptionhassparkedagrowinginterestinpredicting"peakoil"．"Peakoil"isthepointwhereoilproductionreachesamaximumandthendeclines.Scientistshavedevelopedseveralmodelstoforecastthispoint,andsomeputthedateat2020orlater.OneofthemostfamousforecastmodelsiscalledtheHubbertmodel2.Itassumesthatglobaloilproductionwillfollowabellshapedcurve3.Arelatedconceptisthat4of"PeakOil."Theterm"PealOil"indicatesthemomentinwhichworldwideproductionWillpeak,afterwardstostartonirreversibledecline．

TheHubbertmodelaccuratelypredictedthatoilproductionwouldpeakintheUnitedStatesin1970.Themodelhassincegainedinpopularityandhasbeenusedtoforecastoilproductionworldwide．

However,recentstudiesshowthatthemodelisinsufficienttoaccountfor5morecomplexoilproductioncyclesofsomecountries．Thosecyclescanbeheavilyinfluencedbytechnologychanges,politics,andotherfactors,thescientistssay.

ThenewstudydescribesdevelopmentofanewversionoftheHubbertmodelthatprovidesamorerealisticandaccurateoilproductionforecast．Usingthenewmodel,thescientistsevaluatedtheoilproductiontrendsof47majoroil-producingcountries,whichsupplymostoftheworld’sconventionalcrudeoil6．Theyestimatedthatworldwideconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2014,yearsearlierthananticipated.Thescientistsalsoshowedthattheworld'soilreserves7arebeingreducedatarateof2.1percentayear.Thenewmodelcouldhelpinformenergy-relateddecisionsandpublicpolicydebate,theysuggest.

练习：

1．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword"sparked"appearinginparagraph2?

A．flashed

B．stimulated

C．changed

D．ended

2．Theterm"abellshapedcurve"appearinginparagraph2indicatesthatglobaloilproductionwill

A．taketheshapeofaflatcurve．

B．keepgrowing．

C．keepdeclining．

D．starttodeclineafterglobaloilproductionpeaks．

3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheHubbertmodel?

A．ItsuccessfullypredictedthatoilproductionpeakedintheU．S．inl970．

B．Ithasbeenusedtopredictoilproductioninmanycountries．

C．Itisinsufficienttoexplainoilproductioncyclesinsomecountries．

D．Itprovidesaveryrealisticandaccurateoilproduction．

4．Whatisthemajorachievementofthenewstudymentionedinthelastparagraph?

A．Itpredictsglobaloilproductionwillpeakin2014．

B．Itpredictsoilproductionwilldeclinein47countries．

C．ItconfirmsfurthertheeffectivenessoftheHubbertmodel．

D．ItdiscoversanewtrendofWorldwideoilproduction．

5．WhodevelopthenewversionoftheHubbertmodel?

A．Americanscientists．

B．Kuwaitiscientists．

C．Britishscientists．

D．Scientistsof47majoroil-producingcountries．

第三篇CitizenScientists

1.Understandinghownaturerespondstoclimatechangewillrequiremonitoringkeylifecycle1events-flowering,theappearanceofleaves,thefirstfrogcallsofthespring-allaroundtheworld.Butecologistscan'tbeeverywheresothey'returningtonon-scientists,sometimescalledcitizenscientists,forhelp.

2.Climatescientistsarenotpresenteverywhere.Becausetherearesomanyplacesintheworldandnotenoughscientiststoobserveallofthem,they'reaskingforyourhelpinobservingsignsofclimatechangeacrosstheworld.Thecitizenscientistmovementencouragesordinarypeopletoobserveaveryspecificresearchinterest-birds,trees,flowersbudding,etc.-andsendtheirobservationstoagiantdatabasetobeobservedbyprofessionalscientists.Thishelpsasmallnumberofscientiststrackalargeamountofdatathattheywouldneverbeabletogatherontheirown.Muchlikecitizenjournalistshelpinglargepublicationscoverahyper-localbeat2,citizenscientistsarereadyfortheconditionswheretheylive.Allthat'sneededtobecomeoneisafewminuteseachdayoreachweektogatherdataandsendit3in.

3.AgroupofscientistsandeducatorslaunchedanorganizationlastyearcalledtheNationalPheonology4Network."Phenology"iswhatscientistscallthestudyofthetimingofeventsinnature.

4.Oneofthegroup'sfirsteffortsreliesonscientistsandnon-scientistsaliketocollectdataaboutplantfloweringandleafingeveryyear.Theprogram,calledProjectBudBurst,collectslifecycledataonavarietyofcommonplantsfromacrosstheUnitedStates.Peopleparticipatingintheproject-whichisopentoeveryone-recordtheirobservationsontheProjectBudBurstwebsite.

5."Peopledon'thavetobeplantexperts-theyjusthavetolookaroundandseewhat'sintheirneighborhood,"saysJenniferSchwartz,aneducationconsultantwiththeproject."Aswecollectthisdata,we'llbeabletomakeanestimateofhowplantsandeommunities5ofplantsandanimalswillrespondastheclimatechanges."

练习：

1.Ecologiststurntonon-scientistcitizensforhelpbecausetheyneedthem

A）toprovidetheirpersonallifecycles.

B）toobservethelifecycleofplants.

C）tocollectdataofthelifecycleoflivingthings.

D）toteachchildrenknowledgeaboutclimatechange.

2.Whatarecitizenscientistsaskedtodo?

A）Todevelopaspecificresearchinterestandbecomeprofessionalscientists.

B）Tosendtheirresearchobservationstoaprofessionaldatabase.

C）Toincreasetheirknowledgeaboutclimatechange.

D）Tokeeparecordoftheirresearchobservations.

3.In"Allthat'sneededtobecomeone……（paragraph2）",whatdoestheword"one"standsfor?

A）acitizenjournalist.

B）aciatizenscientist.

C）ascientist.

D）acitizen.

4.WhatisNOTtrueofProjectBudburst?

A）Onlyexpertscanparticipateinit.

B）Everybodycanparticipateinit.C）Itcollectslifecycledataonavarietyofcommonpla