英语句子八大成分.docx
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英语句子八大成分
英语句子成分讲座
主语
句子一般要有主语。
在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式（短语） 来充当。
动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用 it 作形式主语。
■名词作主语
English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都爱他们的英语教师。
■代词作主语
They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
Most of the students come from the countryside. 大多数学生来自农村。
■动名词作主语
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it. 懊悔是无用的。
■动词不定式（短语）作主语
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡
谓语
谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。
可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词（表动作）与连系动词（表状态），行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词与不及物动词。
■及物动词作谓语
We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
They respect one another. 他们互相尊重（对方）。
Allof the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
Did you see many people there 你在那儿看见许多人了吗
■不及物动词作谓语
He left here yesterday. 他昨天离开这儿。
You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
The teacher came in, book in hand. 教师走进教室，手里拿着书。
He went abroad in the September of 1988. 他于1988年9月出国。
■连系动词表状态
He is an excellent teacher. 他是位优秀的教师。
Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。
Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
表语
表语与连系动词连用，构成系表构造，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词词、动词不定式、分词等充当。
如：
They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。
Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。
John is captain of the team. 约翰是足球队的队长。
The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. 你只需从机场打个的即可。
My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜爱的运动是游泳。
宾语
宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语与介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。
如：
I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜。
I bought a ticket for Milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票。
I enjoyed talking to you. 我与你谈话很快乐。
Have you finished dressing 你衣服穿好了吗
He certainly did not want to join them. 他确实不想参加他们的活动。
They decided to close the border. 他们决定封闭边境。
We hoped that all would come well. 我们希望一切都会好转。
We expected that you would stay for a few days. 我们预计你会待几天的。
定语
定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语与后置定语。
一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词（短语） 或句子充当。
His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。
Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。
The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。
The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well. 楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。
I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。
Can you find out the answer to the question？
你能找到这个问题的答案吗？
Would you like something to drink 你想要些喝的东西吗？
A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死，其言也善。
The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. 送往委员会的建议被采纳了。
Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green 你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗？
状语
英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当或由连词引导状语从句，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比拟、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。
（1） 时间状语
I often get up at 5:
30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:
30起床。
Hearing the news, they felt very excited.
听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋。
（2） 地点状语
Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国。
（3） 目的状语
We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. 这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。
He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. 他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸。
She got up early so that she could catch the first bus. 她早早地起床，以便能够赶上这辆早班车。
（4） 方式状语
We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行去上学。
Please do it as I told you. 请按我告诉你的去做。
（5） 让步状语
Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. 虽然她很有钱，而她并不幸福。
No matter what happens, I will never lose heart. 无论发生什么，我将决不失去信心。
（6） 条件状语
If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others. 假设你不努力学习，你将落后于别人。
Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better. 如果给予更多的关心的话，这些花将长得更好。
（7） 原因状语
We didn’t go to the park because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好，我们没有去公园。
Being ill, he didn’t go to school. 由于病了，他没有去上学。
（8） 结果状语
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 风是如此地猛烈，以致于我们寸步难行。
He left early, so that he caught the train. 他早早地离去，（结果） 因此赶上了火车。
（9） 伴随状语
The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. 这位医生匆匆离去，胳膊下夹着一个药箱子。
The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. 教师进到教室里来，后面跟着一群学生。
宾语补足语
宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名
词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。
如：
Tom found the climb quite easy. 汤姆觉得爬山很容易。
Pleasecall me Jim. 不要这样正规，叫我吉姆好了。
You must keep it clean. 你要把它保持干净。
I have the car waiting. 我让汽车等着。
We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。
Why don’t you have your hair cut 你为什么不理发
He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄伤了。
I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被人偷去了。
She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足够的衣服穿。
He made me repeat the story. 他要我把那事重讲一遍。
Rain makes plants grow. 雨水使植物生长。
注意：
后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有 call, name, think, make, choose 等，后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有 keep, find, get, think, make 等。
动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词（如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等），使役动词（如 let, have, make 等），动词不定式不带to
主语补足语
Thedoorwaspaintedwhite.
Theoldmanwasfoundweak.
练习
句子成分练习题（ 一 ）
（一）. 指出以下句中主语
1. The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
3. To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
（二） 选出句中谓语
don't like the picture on the wall.
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
③ Do you usually go to school by bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
⑨ He is interested in music.
（三） 挑出以下句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. .
⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
（四） 挑出以下句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired.
② Why is he worried about Jim
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
（五） 挑出以下句中的定语
1. What is your given name
2. On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
4.Heis afamous star.
5.Who’sthat girl inred
6.A suitcase that doesn’thavehandles isuseless.
7.Theblue suitcase ,which doesn’thavehandles,isuseless.
（六） 挑出以下句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now
挑出句子中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
（八） 划出句中的直接宾语与间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me
句子成分练习题（ 二 ）
指出以下句子中划线局部的句子成分：
1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .
2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .
3. That was how they were defeated.
nursery takes good care of our children .
’ll return the book to you tomorrow .
are sure that we shall succeed .
woman with a baby in her arms is his other .
are many film that I’d like to see.
you met the person about whom he was speaking
have a lot of work to do .
11. Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it .
12. I said it in fun .
13. We can send a car over to fetch you .
14. She had to work standing up .
15. Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .
16. Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .
17. The bus arrived ten minutes late .
18. We should serve the people heart and soul.
19. Spring coming on , the tree turned green .
20. Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .
21. We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .
22. It’s strange that she doesn’t come today .
23. It was in the library that I come today .
24. He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working .
25. We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
升级会员 