商务英语口译能力的培养与对策学位论文.docx
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商务英语口译能力的培养与对策学位论文
Abstract
Englishisthemostwidelyusedlanguageintheworld.ItisalsoChina'sfirstforeignlanguage;thereforeChineseuniversitiesopenitupasmajorfrequently.Alongwiththedeepeningofreformandopeningupandthespeedupofinternationalization,aswellasthecontinuousimprovementofChina'sinternationalstatus,China'sforeigntradeandculturalexchangesdeveloprapidly.Atthesametime,problemhasbeenraisedthattherearenotenoughinterpretorsmeetingtherequireofmarket,further,whatthemarketreallyneedistheonewhocanreallyhandleEnglishwell.ToEnglishlanguagelearnersofchina,theirgeneralstrengthis"reading"and"listening",buttheirspeakinglevelisgenerallylaggedbehindothercountries’Englishlearners.
From"China'sfirstEnglish-ChineseInterpretationTheoryandTeachingSeminar"(1996)to"theFifthNationalInterpretationpractice,teachingandresearchconference"(2004),aneightyears’basicoutlineshasbeenmade.ThedevelopmentofChina'sinterpretationofisbumpy,howeveritchangeswitheachpassingdayandthedirectiontowardprofessionhasbeendevelopped.Theliteratureofinterpretationemergequickly.Suchas"personneltraininginterpretersandinterpretationresearch"GuoLanYing(2007)"Interpretationtheoreticalstudy"ZhangWen.HanChanghui(2006)"InterpretationTheoryOverview"BaoGang(2005).Fromtherereports,wecantellthatmoreandmorepeoplefocusonthefieldofinterpretation.
Keywords:
negotiation;oralEnglish;training
中文摘要
英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言,也是中国的第一外语,甚至是中国高校开设最多的专业。
随着改革开放的深入、国际化进程的加快以及我国国际地位的不断提高,中国对外贸易和文化交流迅猛发展,社会对口译人员的需求越来越大,人才需求的定位也越来越高。
口译工作存在着优秀口译人员数量缺乏、口译队伍整体业务素质较低的状况。
而中国的英语学习者在英语学习上的普遍强项是“阅读”与“听力”,只是口语水平则普遍落后于其他以英语为第一外语的国家。
从1996年“首届中国英汉口译理论与教学研讨会”,到2004年“第五届全国口译实践、教学与研究会议”,基本勾勒出8年来中国口译发展的轨迹,道路虽有崎岖不平,却是日新月异,向着专业化的道路发展。
针对口译方面的文献也不断涌现。
如《口译与口译人才培养研究》郭兰英(2007)《口译理论研究》张文.韩常慧(2006)《口译理论概述》鲍刚(2005)。
由此我们不难看到国人对口译领域的越渐重视。
关键词:
英语;口语;培训
1.Introduction
Languageisacommunicationtoolforlearning.ToimprovetheabilityofcommunicatinginEnglish,foreignlanguageteachingisoffoundationalimportance.Invariousactivities,studentsareencouragedtoputwhattheyhavelearnedintopracticaluse,teacher’ssparetimeandenergytohelpimprovingallstepsdevelopsmoothly.Thetrainingisverydemandingtobothteachersandstudents.Professionallyandscientificallybothsidesneedtoreachalevelwhichshouldbewelladaptedtotherealityofthetradefields.Unlikecommonlanguagetraining,businessinterpretertrainingisaimedatproducingcapablehumanrecoursetodealwithallkindsofsituationsandcases;thereforecurriculumdesigningandspecialskillstrainingbothneedtobearrangedflexiblyandthoughtfully.Allpossiblerelativefactorsmustbetakenintoconsiderationinthetrainingsoastofulfillthetaskeffectively.Thereisnodoubtatalltobeawareofthetrueconditionandsituationofthetraineessoastoadoptbettermethodsinthetrainingeffectively.ThisarticlewilllookintoobjectivecausesmakingstudentsunabletoutilizeEnglishfeasibly,andthenproposethesolutionstothecorrespondingproblems.
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2.TheNecessityofLookingforaWaytoEnhancetheAbilityofInterpreters
InChina,alongwiththerapiddevelopmentineconomy,moretalentsareneededinthefieldsofbusinessandtrademarket.Businessinterpretersarerequiredtomeetthehigherstandardofservicesbothinquantityandquality,fortheirperformancedirectlyconnectssomereputationofourcountry,ourcultureandourpeople.Whetherourinterpretershavehigherprofessionalethics;whetherourinterpretersarewell-establishedwiththeirprofessionalbackground;whethertheydisplaywelcomepersonalitieswillallbeshownobjectivelyintheirbehaviorsorbythepartners.
InChina,thetrainingofspecializedexpertiselagsbehindthesocialneeds.InfactinschoolsnormalEnglishtrainingiscarriedouttraditionallyandgenerally,whichcannotbefitforthespecialneedsoftheactivebroadmarket.Naturally,howtodevelopasetofwelldesignedcurriculumandmethodsareofgreatpracticalimportancetohelpboomingthepowerfuleconomicdevelopmentofourcountryintheimportandexportfields.
Sofaritisworthwhiletotakethesubjectasatopictomakesomestudyandresearch.Languagetrainingwithspeculaaimhasitsowncharacteristicsinnature.Englishbusinessinterpretersaresupposedtobeproficientatleastinspeakingandlistening.Theyarerequiredtobeadvanceinlanguageapplication.Yetbusinessfieldisnotfixedaswhatthenormaltrainingbookssimplyput.Thereforebusinesstrainingisaverychallengingjob.
3.TheCountermeasuresofBusinessInterpretingAbility
IfwewanttoimproveouroralEnglish,weneedtodoagreatdealofimitation,recitationandretellingexercise.Thepurposeofitistotrainourintonationandfluency,whichdousagreatfavortocultivatethesenseofEnglish.Atthesametime,throughvariousways,suchasreading;exercises;listeningtoEnglishtape;readingEnglishvideosandfilms,enlargeourvocabulary.ItalsohelpsusadapttothehabitofEnglishexpressionandenlargeourknowledgeofEnglish.Beforetakingpartincommunication,weneedtofamiliarwiththecommonwordsandphrases.Familiarizationisthepremiseofcommunication.Onlyfamiliarwithalanguage,canwetalktotheotherssmoothly.Thestandardoffamiliarizationistalkingwithoutthinking.ManyadviceswillbemadetodealwiththeproblemoforalEnglish.
3.1Thechangeofmindandbraveinnovationdevelopstudents’oralEnglishability
Withthedevelopmentofsocietyandtheincreaseofexternalcommunication,therequirementofEnglishtalentbecomesincreasinglystrice;thereforetheyshouldbetrainedtoatypicalleveltomeettheneedofsociety.Undersuchasituation,studentsmusthavestronglanguageskills.DuringtheprocessofteachingEnglish,teachersarenecessarytochangetheirmindconscientiously.Innovationandchangeofteachingmethodsarealsoveryimportant.ThethreewaysbeingmentionedabovealldofavortostudentstoimprovetheirEnglishskillsanddeveloptheiroralEnglishability.
3.2EmphasisonresourceandfacilitiesofEnglishlearning
ImprovingtheEnglishcommunicationcapabilitymeanstotrainstudents’listeningandhearingability.Thecultivationoflisteningandhearingabilityisalong-termaccumulationandimperceptibleinfluence.Itisverydifficulttoachievethepurposeonlythoughclassteaching;therefore,Offeringaspecialhearingclassroom,videofacilitiesandmaterialsandoralEnglishenvironmentarethenecessaryconditionstosupportandhelpstudents.Along-termadherencetolistentoavarietyofnewsanddailydialoguewithspecialmaterialshelpstudentsstrengthandimprovetheirlanguagefoundation.Weneedtoknowthatstudentsarehardtoimprovewhiletheyonlydependonthelearningmaterials.
3.3TounderstandtheAmericanculture,andenhancecross-culturalcommunicativecompetence
Languageandculturearecloselyrelated.Languageisthecarrierofcultureandlanguageisaformofexpression.Inordertoutilizelanguageappropriately,studentsmusthaveabetterunderstandingofthecultureofothercountries,especiallytheAnglo-Americancountries.AgreatdealofreadingisaneffectivewaytounderstandtheAmericanculture.Atthebeginning,theEnglishreadingmaterialsshouldbeeasier,involvingallaspectsofAmericansociety.Teachersshouldtrainstudentstoobserveandunderstandthesocialcontextoflanguageability.Moreover,teachersshouldletstudentsknowunderdifferentsituationsthatitneedstobeawareofusingdifferentkindsoflanguage,whichistounderstandthestatusofthespeakers.Duringtheprocessoflanguageteaching,itshouldbeconscioustocombinethelanguagewithenvironmentalandsocialcontext.Thepurposeofitistoexpandstudent’sknowledgeandimprovetheirabilityofcross-culturalcommunication.
3.4Thecharactersofbusinessnegotiation
BusinessnegotiationutilizesEnglishineconomicandtradenegotiationstoreachanagreementorfindasolutiontoproblemsortalks,discussions,andeventhewholeprocessofpurchasingorselling.Inthisarea,themostimportantpointispricenegotiationwhichisalsothemostcomplexandsensitiveparts.Althoughthepurposeofthenegotiationsistoachieveawin-winresult,thesideyouareinholdsthesamepurposeinmind--toearnasmuchaspossible.Whileyouareworkingtogethigherinterest,youropponenthopesfortheirintereststoo.Sobusinessnegotiationcanbecomparedwith“awarwithoutfire”.Then,weneedasetofrulesandtechniques,andkeepacoolthroughouttheprocessinordertoachievethesatisfactoryresultsultimately.Inotherwords,successfulbusinessinterpretationisanartofskillsandsophistications.Theoutcomeofbusinessnegotiationisreflectedbyagreementofbothpartsandcontract.Contractualtermsactuallyreflectthevariousrightsandobligationsofbuyerandsellers.
4.TheRoleTeachersShouldPlaytoEnhanceStudent’sInterpretingSkills
Clearly,knowingtheskillsofcountermeasureisfarfromenough.Thereasonisthatinterpretingskillsandsomeimpersonalfactorsarebothplayingaprettyimportantroleduringtheprocessofinterpretation.FororalEnglishteachingtheteacher’sroleistheleadingpartinplanningandprocessing,whichshouldbefollowedbystudentswithinterestsandeffects.Allthetraineesareeagertopracticewhattheywanttoshowafterlearninginsteadofgettinghighergradesonly.UnfortunatelythepresentsituationinChina’strainingstillputstoomuchattentionontec