胡壮麟语言学教程测试题精华附答案.docx

胡壮麟语言学教程测试题精华附答案.docx

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胡壮麟语言学教程测试题精华附答案

胡壮麟《语言学教程》（修订版）测试题

Chapter7Language.CultureandSociety注：

第六章无测试题］

I.Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.isconcernedwiththesocialsignificanceoflanguagevariationandlanguageusein

differentspeechcommunities.

A.PsycholinguisticsB.Sociolinguistics

C.AppliedlinguisticsD.Generallinguistics

2.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisits.

A.useofwordsB.useofstructures

C.accentD.morphemes

3.isspeechvariationaccordingtotheparticularareawhereaspeakercomesfrom.

A.RegionalvariationB.Languagevariation

C.SocialvariationD.Registervariation

4.arethemajorsourceofregionalvariationoflanguage.

A.Geographicalbarriers

B.Loyaltytoandconfidenceinone'snativespeech

C.Physicaldiscomfortandpsychologicalresistancetochange

D.Socialbarriers

5.meansthatcertainauthorities,suchasthegovernmentchoose,aparticularspeech

variety,standardizeitandspreadtheuseofitacrossregionalboundaries.

A.LanguageinterferenceB.Languagechanges

C.LanguageplanningD.Languagetransfer

6.inaperson'sspeechorwritingusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquial

toformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.

A.RegionalvariationB.Changesinemotions

C.VariationinconnotationsD.Stylisticvariation

7.Aisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasamediumofcommunicationamonggroupsofpeople

fordiverselinguisticbackgrounds.

A.linguafrancaB.register

C.CreoleD.nationallanguage

8.Althougharesimplifiedlanguageswithreducedgrammaticalfeatures,theyare

rule-governed,likeanyhumanlanguage.

A.vernacularlanguagesB.creoles

C.pidginsD.sociolects

9.Innormalsituations,speakerstendtousemoreprestigiousformsthantheircounterparts

withthesamesocialbackground.

A.female;maleB.male;female

C.old;youngD.young;old

10.Alinguisticreferstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polit

generaluse.

A.slangB.euphemismC.jargonD.taboo

11.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11.Languageasameansofsocialcommunicationisahomogeneoussystemwithahomogeneousgroupofspeakers.

12.Thegoalofsociolinguisticsistoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.

13.

speechtvbaerieutsyedt”orecfaenrtnoostandard

Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,thetermlanguage,vernacularlanguage,dialectorpidgin.

14.Themostdistinguishablelinguisticfeatureofaregionaldialectisitsgrammarandusesofvocabulary.

15.Aperson'ssocialbackgroundsdonotexertashapinlugeincfeonhischoiceoflinguisticfeatures.

16.Everyspeakerofalanguageis,inastrictersense,aspeakerofadistinctidiolect.

17.Alinguafrancacanonlybeusedwithinaparticularcountryforcommunicationamonggroupsofpeoplewithdifferentlinguisticbackgrounds.

18.Apidginusuallyreflectstheinfluenceofthehigher,ordominant,languageinitslexiconandthatofthelowerlanguageintheirphonologyandoccasionallysyntax.

19.Bilingualismanddiglossiameanthesamething.

20.Theuseofeuphemismshastheeffectofremovingderogatoryovertonesandthedisassociativeeffectassuchisusuallylong-lasting.

III.Fillintheblanks.（20%）

21.Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeech.

22.Speechreferstoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakerorgroupof

speakers.

23.Fromthesociolinguisticperspective,aspeechvarietyisnomorethanavarietyofa

language.

24.Languagestandardizationisalsocalledlanguage.

25.Socialvariationgivesrisetowhicharesubdivisibleintosmallerspeechcategoriesthat

reflecttheirsocioeconomic,educational,occupationalbackground,etc.

26.variationinapersonh'orswsrpiteinegcusuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualorcolloquialtoformalorpoliteaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativesituation.

27.Aregionaldialectmaygainstatusandbecomestandardizedasthenationalorlanguage

ofacountry.

28.Thestandardlanguageisa,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.

29.Languagevarietiesotherthanthestandardarecallednonstandard,orlanguages.

30.Apidgintypicallylacksinmorphemes.

IV.Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.（20%）

31.Linguafranca32.Regionaldialect33.Register34.Sociolinguistics

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.（20%）

35.IsAmericanEnglishsuperiortoAfricanEnglish?

Whyorwhynot?

（中国人民大学，2003）

36.Ifwetakeitasrulethatlanguageisintimatelyrelatedtoculture,thenhowdothekinshipwords,suchasuncleandaunt,reflecttheculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese?

东北师范大学，2004）

VI.Analyzethefollowingsituation.（20%）

37.Explainthedifferencesbetweenregistersandregional/socialdialects.Giveexamplesifnecessary东北师范大学，2005）答案I.1~5BCAAC6~10DACADII.11~15FTFFF16~20TFTFF

III.21.community22.variety23.dialectal24.planning25.sociolects26.Stylistic27.official28.superposed29.vernacular30.inflectional

IV.31.Linguafranca:

Alinguafrancaisavarietyoflanguagethatservesasacommonspeechforsocialcontactamonggroupsofpeoplewhospeaksdifferentnativelanguagesordialects.

32.Regionaldialect:

Regionaldialect,alsosocialorclassdialect,isaspeechvarietyspokenbythemembersofaparticulargrouporstratumofaspeechcommunity.

33.Register:

Register,alsosituationaldialect,referstothelanguagevarietyappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituationsonwhichdegreesofformalitydepends.

34.Sociolinguistics:

Definedinitsbroadestway,sociolinguistics,asubdisciplineoflinguistics,isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.Itisconcernedwithlanguagevariation,languageuse,theimpactofextra-linguisticfactorsonlanguageuse,etc.

V.35.AmericanEnglishisnotsuperiortoAfricanEnglish.AsdifferentbranchesofEnglish,AfricanEnglishandAmericanEnglishareequal.Similarastheyare,theyareinfluencedbytheirrespectiveculturalcontextandthusformrespectivesystemsofpronunciation,wordsandevengrammar.

36.InChina,Chinesehasamorestrictandcomplexrelationshipsystem.SoinChinesetherearealotmorekinshipwordsthaninEnglish.

VI.37.（Omit.）

Chapter8LanguageinUse

I.Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningisconsidered.

A.referenceB.speechactC.practicalusageD.context

2.Asentenceisaconcept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.

A.pragmaticB.grammaticalC.mentalD.conceptual

3.Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesa（n）.

A.constativeB.directiveC.utteranceD.expressive

4.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Utterancesusuallydonottaketheformofsentences.

B.Someutterancescannotberestoredtocompletesentences.

C.Noutterancescantaketheformofsentences.

D.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.

5.Speechacttheorydidnotcomeintobeinguntil.

A.inthelate50'softhe20thecenturBy.intheearly1950's

C.inthelate1960'sD.intheearly21stcentury

6.istheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething;itistheconsequenceof,or

thechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.

A.AlocutionaryactB.Anillocutionaryact

C.AperlocutionaryactD.Aperformativeact

7.AccordingtoSearle,theillocutionarypointoftherepresentativeis.

A.togetthehearertodosomething

B.tocommitthespeakertosomething'sbeingthecase

C.tocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofaction

D.toexpressthefeelingsorattitudetowardsanexistingstateofaffairs

8.Alltheactsthatbelongtothesamecategorysharethesamepurpose,buttheydiffer.

A.intheirillocutionaryactsB.intheirintentionsexpressed

C.intheirstrengthorforceD.intheireffectbroughtabout

9.isadvancedbyPaulGrice

A.CooperativePrincipleB.PolitenessPrinciple

C.TheGeneralPrincipleofUniversalGrammarD.AdjacencyPrinciple

10.Whenanyofthemaximsunderthecooperativeprincipleisflouted,mightarise.

A.impolitenessB.contradictions

C.mutualunderstandingD.conversationalimplicatures

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11.Pragmaticstreatsthemeaningoflanguageassomethingintrinsicandinherent.

12.Itwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.

13.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.

14.Themajordifferencebetweenasentenceandanutteranceisthatasentenceisnotutteredwhileanutteranceis.

15.Themeaningofasentenceisabstract,butcontext-dependent.

16.Themeaningofanutteranceisdecontexualized,thereforestable.

17.Utterancesalwaystaketheformofcompletesentences

18.SpeechacttheorywasoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopherJohnSearle.

19.Speechacttheorystartedinthelate50'softhe20thcentury.

20.Austinmadethedistinctionbetweenaconstativeandaperformative.

III.Fillintheblanks.（20%）

21.Thenotionofisessentialtothepragmaticstudyoflanguage.

22.Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesan.

23.Themeaningofasentenceis,anddecontexualized.

24.werestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,andwerethusverifiable.

25.weresentencesthatdidnotstateafactordescribeastate,andwerenotverifiable.

26.A（n）acti