private capital craves access to monopolized industries.docx

private capital craves access to monopolized industries.docx

《private capital craves access to monopolized industries.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《private capital craves access to monopolized industries.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

privatecapitalcravesaccesstomonopolizedindustries

PrivateCapitalCravesAccesstoMonopolizedIndustries

PrivateCapitalCravesAccesstoMonopolizedIndustries

　　Intheearlysummerofthisyear，theAll-ChinaFederationofIndustryandCommerce（ACFIC）welcomedaspecial“investigationteam”.XuShaoshi，whowasjustappointedchairmanoftheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission，ledateamconsistingof20seniorgovernmentalofficialsandheldaconferencewithprivateentrepreneurs.

　　Thisisanunprecedentedteamofpeopleofimportance.Notonlythehigh-rankedofficialswerepresent，LiShufu，DongWenbiao，NanCunhui，LiuYonghaoandseveralotherfamousprivateentrepreneursparticipatedintheconferenceaswell.

　　Intheconference，XuShaoshientrustedtheACFICtomakeareviewoftheimplementationofthe“36rulesaboutprivateinvestment”whichwasissuedthreeyearsago.Threemonthsaftertheconference，thereportwasgiventotheStateCouncil.LiKeqiang，premierofChina，requiredeachgovernmentaldepartmenttoworkoutmeasuresofimprovementwithdetailedplans.

　　Meanwhile，thecongressofChinafoundedaninvestigationteamof“promotingthecoordinateddevelopmentofstate-ownedenterprisesandprivatecompanies”.Theteamconsistsofseveralseniorgovernmentalofficialsintheindustrialandcommercialadministrationandotherdepartmentsandmadeseveralon-the-spotinvestigationsinShanghaiandHubei.

　　Alltheseinvestigationshadtheresultsthatledtoonedirection–contributingideastothethirdsessionofthe18thCPCCongressthatisdestinedtodirecttheeconomicdevelopmentofChinainthenexttenyears.

　　PresidentXiJinpingsaidinWuhanthatthestate-ownedeconomyshouldberevitalizedandimproved，whilethedevelopmentofnon-publiceconomyshouldbeguided，encouragedandsupported–thisisconsideredtohavesetthetoneforthecomingCPCcongresssession.

　　ChenYongjie，whoisnowthevicesecretary-generalofChinaInternationalEconomicCommunicationsCenter，wasoncethedirectoroftheresearchofficeoftheACFIC.Hehasbeenstudyingintotheprivateeconomyforalongwhile.Inhisopinion，theprivateeconomyisthemostvigorousandpotentialpartinChina’seconomy.TheStateCouncilonceheldameetingtotalkaboutopeningmoreindustriestotheprivateeconomy，whichisconsideredtobeanimportantsourceoftheinternaldrivingforceforChina’seconomicupgrade.

　　However，the“36rulesaboutprivateinvestment”isnotwellimplemented.UrgedbyChina’sformerpremierWenJiabo，theengagedgovernmentaldepartmentsbarelyworkedout42implementrules，butnoneofthemwaseffectiveenough.Therefore，peoplewonderwhetherthenewgovernmentcanchangethesituationisananswereveryoneexpectsinthecomingCPCCongress.　　TheLongWaytoBreakMonopoly

　　AftersuccessfullyinvestinginZaysanOilGasBlockinKazakhstaninApril2009，GuanghuiEnergywashauntedbythe“invisiblehurdle”fortheimportationofcrudeoil.

　　GuanghuiEnergytransmittedthenaturalgasfromZaysanLakeinKazakhstantoJeminayCountyinChinathrougha110-kilometer-longcrossbordergastransmissionline.InJeminayCounty，thereisanLNGfactorywiththeannualoutputof500millioncubicmetersofLNG.However，GuanghuiEnergycannotfindwaystobringthecrudeoilproducedinZaysanLakedi-rectlybacktoChinaforprocessing.

　　Chinaallowednon-state-ownedenterprisestotakethecrudeoilimportationtradeaspromisedtoWTOin2002.TheMinistryofCommercecouldworkquotasabouttheoilimportsforprivatecompanies.However，suchawayisnotthesameaspromised.

　　Concretely，theprivatecompaniesneedtopossessthe“certificationofproduction”fromSinopecandCNPC–thetwostate-ownedoilcompaniesinChina–iftheywanttoimportthecrudeoil.Otherwise，theGeneralAdministrationofCustomswillnotallowtheoilintoChina.Inaddition，theimportedcrudeoilcanonlybere-soldtoCNPCandSinopecafterbeingprocessed.

　　“Suchaspolicyshouldbeworkedoutandcarriedoutbythenationalgovernmentaldepartment.However，itwasactuallyadministratedbythestateownedoilcompanies，whichhavenoadministrativepower，”ChenYongjiesays.

　　ThequalificationofimportingcrudeoiliscontrolledbyCNPC，SinopecandCNOOC，anotherstate-ownedoilcompanyinChina.Thereweresomeprivateoilprocessingcompanieswhichoncebecamethepartnersofthetreecompaniesandgotthequalificationofimportingoil.However，GuanghuiEnergy，whichisapureprivatecompany，isnotgivensuchaprivilege，

　　Againstthisbackground，GuanghuiEnergyhastospendmoneyentrustingChinaUnitedOilCo.，Ltd，asubsidiarycompanyofCNPC，toimporttheoilfromKazakhstanandthenselltheoiltoCNPCatthepricefixedbythelatter.TheinvolvementofCNPCmeansthatGuanghuiEnergycouldearnmanyfewerprofitsthantheycoulddowiththefreetraderule.Eventhoughitinvestedintheoilfieldinforeigncountries，thecrudeoilitproducesalsoneedstobesoldtoCNPC.

　　CNPChasbeenstandinginthewayofGuanghuiEnergyforyears.EventhoughGuanghuiEnergy，aswellasotherprivateoilcompanies，istoldseveraltimesthatthetradeofcrudeoilisgoingtoopen，theyarenotgivenanypermissioninthedetailedpoliciesasGuagnghuiEnergynevergotthequalificationofimportingoil.　　ThedilemmaofGuanghuiEnergyrepresentstheharshsituationsofmanyprivateoiltradeandprocessingenterprises.Aresearchshowsthateventhoseprivatecompanieswhichhavegotthequalificationofimportingoilarenotveryactiveinthatfield.Someofthemtransferredthequotastostate-ownedenterprisesandsomeofthemevenlaidwasteofthem.Intheseyears，thequotaforprivatecompaniestoimportoiljustexistsinnameonly.

　　ChenYongjiesaysthattheprivatecompaniesandACFIChaverequiredreleasingtheimportcontrolofcrudeoilanddeletingthe“productionplan”ofCNPCandSinopec.However，theirvoicesandrequestswereignoredwiththetwostate-ownedgiantsobjectingtheirproposals.Therefore，itisincreasinglydifficultfortheprivatecompaniestodeveloptheoverseasoilresources.

　　Thestagnancyisnotonlyseenintheoilindustry.Theotherindustriesalsofacethesamepredicamentwhenitcomestotheoverseasinvestment.ChenYongjiesaysthatseveralprivatecompanieshavecontrolledimportantresourcesinforeigncountries，buttheycannottakethembacktoChina.Theyeitherprocesstheseresourcesandselltheproductsinforeigncountriesorsacrificealargeamountofprofitstoworkwithstate-ownedenterprisestobringthembacktoChina.

　　RenXiangkun，aresearcherintothepetrochemicalindustry，sighsatthefactthatprivatecompaniesarealwaysgreetedwithdifficultieswhentheywanttogetintothecrudeoilbusiness，thankstothegovernmentalpolicies.

　　RenworksforalocalcompanyinNingxia.Thisprivatecompany’smainbusinessfocusesontheoilprocessingandrefinery.Italwayswantstothegetintotheupstreamlink，whichreferstothecrudeoiltrade.Buttherearesomanyinvisiblefactorskeepingthematbay.

　　AnestimationmadebytheACFICsaysthatChinesegovernmenttotallyworkedout780rulestodrivethedevelopmentofprivateeconomy，buttheresultisadisappointment，whichcouldbeeasilyseenfromthecomplaintsofprivateentrepreneurs.

　　AccordingtoZhuangShengcong，vicepresidentoftheACFIC，oneofthebiggestcomplaintsfromprivateentrepreneursisconcerningtheopaquewayofthegovernmenttoopenthemonopolizedindustries.

　　Hesaysthatmanymonopolizedindustriesneithergiveoutaclearaccessfortheprivatecapitalnorclarifythemanagerialandoperationalpatternsafterthat.Thetelecomindustryisagoodexample.Thevalue-addedsectorisaprettygoodplaceforprivateinvestors，butthedominanceofstate-ownedenterprisesresurfacesagainwhenitcomestothefundamentaltelecommunications.Thedetailsofopeningthatfieldonlyincludesomeprincipalpointswithoutanydefiniteaccessorguarantees.　　Inaddition，theinappropriatemar-ketandreformrenderssomeindustriescompletelyinaccessibletoprivateinvestorseventhoughtheyshouldbeopeninthedocuments.Theseindustriesincludethesupplyofwater，electricpower，heatandgas，whosepricearesoseverelyregulatedthattheinvestmentreturnscannotbeguaranteed.Therefore，theseindustriesarenotpopularamongprivateinvestorseventhoughtheyhavebeenopenfor10years.Presently，theprivateinvestmentonlytakes13%ofthetotalmarket.

　　FinanceasthePioneerofOpeningUp

　　ChenYongjiewasnotoptimisticaboutprivatecapital’sentryintomonopolizedindustriesbecausetheunfairtreatmentprivatecompaniesmeetinmarketaccessandresourcedistributionisnotaflash.Acomplicatednetworkofprofitsisinvolvedinthis.ThenewChinesegovernmentcannotbreakdownthisconditionunlesstheyareresolvedtomakesacrifices.

　　What’sworryinghimmoreisthattheanti-monopolypolicesareregressinginsteadofprogressinginsomefields.

　　ButthenewsfromtheStateCouncil’smeetingonSeptember6excitedhimasthefeasiblemeasuresofpromotingprivateeconomyisintensivelydiscussedinthismeeting.

　　TheStateCouncilofChinarequiredeachdepartmenttoactualizethemeasuresofimprovementfollowingtherequirementsof“fixingthegoal，establishingtheprojects，settingupthescheduleandprovingtheresult”.

　　ChenYongjiewasexcitedbecausethisistheonlymeetingtheStateCouncilheldexclusivelyfortheprivateeconomyinrecentyears.Thetwomeetingswherethe“36ruleaboutprivateeconomy”wasdiscussedalsoincludedothertopics.InChenYongjie’sopinion，thismeeting