爱心探望.pptx

爱心探望.pptx

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091300308洪玲玉091300410郑丽婷091300413刘晔AVisitofCharityContentsBriefintroductionoftheauthorWritingstylePlotsanalysisLiteraturereviewourunderstandings1-EudoraWeltyEudoraAliceWelty（April13,1909July23,2001）wasanAmericanshortstorywriterandnovelistwhowroteabouttheAmericanSouth.HernovelTheOptimistsDaughterwonthePulitzerPrizein1973.WeltywasawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedom,amongnumerousawardsincludingtheOrderoftheSouth.ShewasthefirstlivingauthortohaveherworkspublishedbytheLibraryofAmerica.HerhouseinJackson,MississippihasbeendesignatedasaNationalHistoricLandmarkandisopentothepublicasahousemuseum.WhileWeltyworkedasapublicityagentfortheWorksProgressAdministration,shetookphotographsofpeoplefromalleconomicandsocialclassesinhersparetime.Fromtheearly1930s,herphotographsshowMississippisruralpoorandtheeffectsoftheGreatDepression.15CollectionsofherphotographswerepublishedasOneTime,OnePlace（1971）andPhotographs（1989）.Herphotographywasthebasisforseveralofhershortstories,includingWhyILiveattheP.O.,whichwasinspiredbyawomanshephotographedironinginthebackofasmallpostoffice.Althoughfocusedonherwriting,Weltycontinuedtotakephotographsuntilthe1950s.2-1Writingstyle1.IronyIronyisanimportantfeatureofthewordsinthisstory.EudoraWeltysuccessfullyusesthisliterarytechniquetoelucidatethethemeofthestory.ThetitleAVisitofCharityisratherironic.Charitymeanstoshowkindnessandsympathytowardsothers;however,nooneinthisstorydoessuchathing.TherearenocharityfromMarians,thenurses,thetwooldladies,andthewholesocietyspointofview.Howcantherebecharitywhentheoldladiesareisolatedfromthesociety.NowletstakeMarianforexample.Shepaysthevisitjustbecauseallothercampfiregirlsdoso.Andhermotiveisalsoforthepoints,whichrewardonherproject.Whenshegotthere,shetoldthenursethatIhavetopayavisittosomeoldlady.Fromwhatshesaid,wecanseethatshewastherenotofherownfreewill.Shedoesnotcarewhoshevisits,justaslongasthepersonisanelderlywoman.2-2Writingstyle2.SymbolismSymbolismisanotherfeatureofthisshortstory.Intheshortstory,authorEudoraWeltyclearlyemployshercynicalfeelingstowardthenursinghome.WhenMarionfirstapproachesthenursinghomeitisdescribedasaverycoldplace.Whitewashedbrickandreflectedthewintersunlightlikeablockofice.Thecolorwhite,andtheiceimplythecoldnessofthehome.Alsothenursewearsawhiteuniformlookingcoldaccompaniedwithanoverallcoldandbitterattitude.Throughoutthestorytheauthorsattitudeiscold,bydescribingthenursinghomecold,sheshowsthatthenursinghomemaynotbephysicallycold,butmentallyandemotionallycold.Thismakesthehomefeelunwelcoming,deadandunloving.3-PlotanalysisInthestoryAVisitofCharity,EudoraWeltyillustrateafourteen-yearoldCampfiregirlwhosenameisMarian,paysavisittotheOldLadiesHomeinordertoearnpoints.Beforethevisit,Marianthoughtitwouldbeaneasytaskthatwouldtakelittletimeandfewefforts.Sheevenbroughtapottedplantforextrapoints.Marianthoughtshewasgoingtovisitasweetandkindoldlady,butsheencounteredtwooldladieswhowerefarfromgraciousandcharming.ThevisitwasmuchoutofMariansexpectation.Sheendedupbeinginsultedbyrudecommentsfromtheoldlady-Addie,anduponleavingtheroom;shewasharassedbytheotheroldladywhowantedsomemoney.MarianhurriedlylefttheHome,withscaredbutfinallyrelievedmood.4-1LiteraturereviewManyfeatureofthesetting,awintersdayatahomeforelderlywomen,suggestcoldness,neglect,anddehumanization.Insteadofevergreensorothervegetationthatmightlendsoftnessorbeautytotheplace,thecityhaslandscapeditwith“pricklydarkshrubs.”BehindtheshrubsthewhitewashedwallsoftheOldLadies“Homereflect”thewintersunlightlikeablockofice.”Weltyalsoimpliesthatthecoldappearanceofthenurseisduetothecoolnessinthebuildingaswellastothestark,impersonal,whiteuniformsheiswearing.Perhapstheclearestevidenceofdehumanizationisthesmall,crowdedrooms,eachinhabitedbytwoolderwomen.TheroomthatMarianvisitisdark,withadrawnshadeandtoomuchfurniture.Thewetsmellofeverythingandwetappearanceofthebarefloorsuggestthatthiscrampedroomismorelikeastallinabarn,aplaceforanimals,thanthatitmightbeahomefitforusebyhumanbeings.-AVOCharity4-2Literaturereview反讽通常被视为现代艺术的主要特征之一。

新批评理论家布鲁克斯将反讽定义为“语境对一个陈述语的明显的歪曲”。

它的一个重要构成要素就是两极因素的相互对比，于不着痕迹中冷静地呈现事务存在的悖逆状态，从而既凸显作品的主题又形成蕴涵丰富的艺术张力。

小说以慈善访问为标题，一开始就以一种意蕴悖立的反讽暗示了作品的主题。

实际上，在该作品中，慈善访问的真实意义与其字面意义是对立的，整个故事的场景及故事中人物的所作所为都是对“慈善”一词的“明显的歪曲”。

根据美国传统词典（），“慈善”指“充满仁慈、良好意愿或爱心的行为或情感”（“，”），因此读者一看到慈善访问这个标题，就会产生一个常识性的预测与美好的期待一个充满温情的访问，它的色彩是亮丽明快的，它应充满鲜花，充满欢声笑语。

小说一开始交代故事的时间与地点，倒确也充满诗情画意“半晌午时分那是一个阳光透亮且清冷的早上。

在老人院前，一个十四岁的女孩，抱着一盆花，从公共汽车上跳了下来。

她穿着红色的大衣，戴着一顶白色的帽子，那是那年所有的小女孩都戴的那种，黄色的头发松散地披在肩上”。

阳光虽“清冷”倒也“透亮”，整个画面色彩亮丽，俨然一幅洋溢着生命活力的摄影作品，然而作者突然笔锋一转，向读者展示另一幅反差鲜明的以黑白色调为主色的画面养老院前是一片“黑乎乎的长满尖刺的灌木丛”，“这个城市就以此来装扮点缀养老院”，“养老院的外墙砖洗得发白，在冬日的阳光照射下就像一块冰块”。

在读者想象中本应花红柳绿的养老院何以如此灰暗，何以如此寒气逼人。

让读者有点突兀与费解。

接着的画面更是让读者有些应接不暇，养老院内地上的亚麻油地毡“有的地方松垮，有的地方隆起”，让人感觉走在上面就“好比走在浪尖上”，整个楼道“好像密封的时钟，有一股难闻的气味”，读着读着，读者情不自禁地皱起眉头，捏紧鼻子，并为步履蹒跚的老人捏把汗。

作者紧接着给读者展示了另一幅潮湿狭小的室内画面“这个小房间的家具太多太拥挤了。

房间里有股湿气即便是没有铺地毯的地板也觉得潮湿椅背不牢固，摸上去软塌塌，湿漉漉的好暗呀！

窗帘紧闭着，唯一的门也关着”。

室内简陋的陈设床、洗脸架、摇椅，就让小房间拥挤不堪，不仅如此家具还破旧不堪松垮的椅子、补丁的破被子，让人在本就清冷的冬日里越发感到寒气逼人，老人房间破旧、潮湿、昏暗、阴冷的氛围，令人窒息，使人有掉头撤离的冲动，也难怪小姑娘会急于离开。

至此读者随着画面的灰暗化，情绪由突兀与费解转向了对养老院中孤独无助的老人的同情与对慈善机构的愤怒，借助故事场景的渲染，作者想要传达