英语阅读理解人生百味练习题及答案及解析.docx
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英语阅读理解人生百味练习题及答案及解析
英语阅读理解(人生百味)练习题及答案及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解人生百味类
1.阅读理解
ArobotcreatedbyWashingtonStateUniversity(WSU)scientistscouldhelpelderlypeoplewithdementia(痴呆)andotherlimitationsliveindependentlyintheirownhomes.
TheRobotActivitySupportSystemorRAS,usessensorsinstalledinaWSUsmarthometodeterminewhereitsresidentsare,whattheyaredoingandwhentheyneedassistancewithdailyactivities.Itnavigates(定位)throughroomsandaroundobstaclestofindpeopleonitsown,providesvideoinstructionsonhowtodosimpletasksandcanevenleaditsownertoobjectsliketheirmedicationorasnackinthekitchen.
"RAScombinestheconvenienceofamobilerobotwiththeactivitydetectiontechnologyofaWSUsmarthometoprovideassistanceinthemoment,astheneedforhelpisdetected,"saidBryanMinor,apostdoctoralresearcherintheWSUSchoolofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience.
Currently,anestimated50percentofadultsovertheageof85needassistancewitheverydayactivitiessuchaspreparingmealsandtakingmedicationandtheannualcostforthisassistanceintheUSisnearly$2trillion.Withthenumberofadultsover85expectedtotripleby2050,researchershopethattechnologieslikeRASandtheWSUsmarthomewillrelievesomeofthefinancialstrainonthehealthcaresystembymakingiteasierforolderadultstolivealone.
RASisthefirstrobotresearchershavetriedtoincorporateintotheirsmarthomeenvironment.TheyrecentlypublishedastudyinthejournalCognitiveSystemsResearchthatdemonstrateshowRAScouldmakelifeeasierforolderadultsstrugglingtoliveindependently.
"Whilewearestillinanearlystageofdevelopment,ourinitialresultswithRAShavebeenpromising,"Minorsaid."ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performancewithagroupofolderadultstogetabetterideaofwhatprompts,videoremindersandotherpreferencestheyhaveregardingtherobot."
(1)HowdoesRASserveelderlypeople?
A. Throughsensors.
B. Throughobjects.
C. Throughamobilerobot.
D. Throughtheirdailyactivities.
(2)WhatcanweknowaboutRAS?
A. Itisthefirstrobotusedindailylife.
B. Itsfunctionremainstobetested.
C. Itcanlocatepeopleanddoanytask.
D. Itcancookforownersonitsown.
(3)What'sMinor'sattitudetowardthefutureofRAS?
A. Doubtful.
B. Negative.
C. Optimistic.
D. Uncertain.
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A. Elderlypeopleleavethenursinghome.
B. SmartHomeTestsfirstelder-Carerobot.
C. RAS,thefirstrobottomakehomesmart.
D. OlderadultshavebenefitedfromRAS.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)B
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人,可以帮助那些痴呆或有身体缺陷的老年人在家里过上自立的生活。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据章第二段中的“TheRobotActivitySupportSystem,orRAS,usessensors(传感器)equippedinaWSUsmarthometodeterminewhereitsresidentsare,whattheyaredoingandwhentheyneedassistancewithdailyactivities”可知机器人活动支持系统(RAS)使用WSU智能家居中配备的传感器(传感器)来确定其居民在哪里,他们在做什么以及何时需要日常活动的帮助,说明传感器起到了重大的作用,故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performance…”可知,这台机器人的表现还要经过进一步的测,说明正在测试阶段,故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Whilewearestillinanearlystageofdevelopment,ourinitialresultswithRAShavebeenpromising”可知,Minor对这款机器人的未来发展充满信心、非常乐观,故选C。
(4)考查主旨大意。
纵观全文可知,本文介绍了一款由美国华盛顿州立大学的科学家们研发的机器人。
再根据最后一段中的“ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performance”可知,机器人目前还在华盛顿州立大学的智能屋里进行测试,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
TwoofthesaddestwordsintheEnglishlanguageare"ifonly".Ilivemylifewiththegoalofneverhavingtosaythosewords,becausetheyconveyregret,lostopportunities,mistakes,anddisappointment.
Myfatherisfamousinourfamilyforsaying,"Taketheextraminutetodoitright."Ialwaystrytolivebythe"extraminute"rule.Whenmychildrenwereyoungandlikelytocauseaccidents,IalwaysthoughtaboutwhatIcoulddotoavoidan"ifonly"moment,whetheritwassomethingminorlikemovingacupfullofhotcoffeeawayfromtheedgeofacounter,orsomethingthatrequiredalittlemoreworksuchastapingpadding(衬垫)ontothesharpcornersofaglasscoffeetable.
Idon'tonlyavoidthose"ifonly"momentswhenitcomestosafety.It'sequallyimportanttoavoid"ifonly"inourpersonalrelationships.Weallknowpeoplewholostalovedoneandregrettedthattheyhadforegoneanopportunitytosay"Iloveyou"or"Iforgiveyou."WhenmyfatherannouncedhewasgoingtotheeyedoctoracrossfrommyofficeonGoodFriday,ItoldhimthatitwasaholidayformycompanyandIwouldn'tbehere.ButthenIthoughtaboutthefactthathe's84yearsoldandIrealizedthatIshouldn'tgiveupanopportunitytoseehim.IcalledhimandtoldhimIhaddecidedtogotoworkonmydayoffafterall.
IknowtherewillstillbeoccasionswhenIhavetosay"ifonly"aboutsomething,butmylifeisdefinitelybetterbecauseofmypolicyofdoingeverythingpossibletoavoidthateventuality.Andeventhoughittakesanextraminutetodosomethingright,oritoccasionallytakesanhourortwoinmybusyscheduletomakeapersonalconnection,IknowthatI'mdoingtherightthing.I'mbuyingmyselfpeaceofmindandthat'sthebestkindofinsuranceformyemotionalwell-being.
(1)Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofthe"extraminute"rule?
A.Startthecarthemomenteveryoneisseated.
B.Leavetheroomforaminutewiththeironworking.
C.Waitforanextraminutesothatthesteaktastesbetter.
D.Moveanobjectoutofthewaybeforeittripssomeone.
(2)TheauthordecidedtogotoherofficeonGoodFridayto______.
A.keepherappointmentwiththeeyedoctor
B.meetherfatherwhowasalreadyanoldman
C.joinintheholidaycelebrationofthecompany
D.finishherworkbeforethedeadlineapproached
(3)Theunderlinedword"foregone"inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto______.
A.abandoned
B.lacked
C.avoided
D.taken
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.ToKeepEmotionalWell-being
B.ToPrevent"IfOnly"Moments
C.ToFollowtheMostUsefulRule
D.ToAchievethePeaceofMind
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,作者认为英语中最悲伤的两个词语是"ifonly",因为他们表达了遗憾。
父亲在作者小的时候经常让她提前做一些能防止意外发生的事,因此她懂得珍惜现在所拥有的一切,而且知道自己正在做对的事。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一、二段可知,作者所说的“extraminute”rule是指在遇事时多思考一分钟,从而可以避免以后遗憾、犯错或失望,故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“ButthenIthoughtaboutthefactthathe's84yearsoldandIrealizedthatIshouldn'tgiveupanopportunitytoseehim.”可知,父亲说在周五去看眼科医生时经过作者的办公室,虽然那天是假日,但作者想到父亲八十四了,自己不应该放弃每一次见父亲的机会,于是又改口说那天上班。
由此可知作者决定在星期五去她的办公室,是为了见她已经年迈的父亲。
故选B。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据划线词所在句and前后连接语意相似成分,由其前“失去一个心爱的人或物”可推知此处是指“后悔放弃一个机会”可知,foregone的意思是“放弃”,故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
纵观全文可知,本文叙述了作者通过“extraminute”rule来避免以后说“ifonly”的情况。
“ifonly”作为线索贯穿了整篇文章,且第一段也提到了thesaddestwords,其他选项比较笼统,不能涵盖本文内容。
所以这篇文章最好的题目是“防止出现ifonly的情况”,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断,词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇人生感悟类阅读,考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
I'masinglepersonandlivewithmydog.Jedisn'tjustmydog.Heismyfamily.Hegoeseverywherewithme.SoIwasoverjoyedlastyeartohearthatBunningswasallowingdogsonaleash(皮带)-intotheirstores.
Butnosoonerhadtherulecomeinthanitwasquicklyrepealed(撤销).AlittlegirlinVictoriahadwalkeduptoaJackRussellinastoreandbeenbitten(咬伤).Thatwasit.Nomoredogs.
Idon'tknowthewholestory.Buthere'swhatIhavetosay:
dogsbitesometimesandkidsaresometimesdifficulttocontrol.
ThereisnothingIlovemorethanakidwhowantstotouchJed.Butwhat'sevenbetteriswhentheyaskpermissionfirst.
Iwasatmylocaldogparklastweek.It'shuge,withanoff-leashdogareatoonesideandafenced-offkids'playgroundagooddistanceaway.Therewasafamilytherethatmorning—parentsandtwoyounggirlsplayingnearthedogarea.TheeldergirlstartedcryingatthesightofJed—"puppy!
Thereapuppy!
"Jedwentrightupandstartedlicking(舔)her,whichonlymadehercrylouder.
Mydogwasfrightenedandtriedtogetaway.Thelittlegirlranafterhim,shoutingloudly.Theparentsdidnothing;theyjustlettheirkidfrightenmydogandthensaidIshouldhavestoppedhimfromlickingher.
Whiletheyhadachoicetoplayelsewhere,Ididnot.SoIhadtowalkJedaway.
"Ijustdon'twanttohavetomeetadogwhenIgoshopping,"saidonecalleronaradioshowyesterday.Look,Igetthat.Butthethingis,Idon'talwayswanttohaveyourkidkickthebackofmyseatfortwohoursonaplane.
WhenIlivedintheUKandtheUS,Icouldn'twalkthroughthestoreswithoutstoppingtopatdogs.Whycan'twefollowtheirpractice?
(1)WhatdoweknowaboutJed?
A. Heisatroublemaker.
B. Hemeansalottotheauthor.
C. Heistheauthor'sonlyfriend.
D. Heoftengoesshoppingwith:
theauthor.
(2)WhydidBunningsstopfollowingtherule?
A. Agirllostherdogthere. B. Dogswerebadly-behaved.
C. Mostpeoplewereagainstit.
D. Itwantedtokeepitscustomerssafe.
(3)Whathappenedatthedogpark?
A. Thelittlegirlwashurt.
B. Jedwastreatedunfairly.
C. Jedplayedhappilywiththegirl.
D. Theparentsstoppedtheirdaughter.
(4)Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthecaller'swords?
A. Meaningless.
B. Hurtful.
C. Reasonable.
D. Touch